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64 s. ; 30 cm
- MeSH
- alergie MeSH
- atopická dermatitida MeSH
- bronchiální astma MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kongresy MeSH
- sborníky MeSH
- Konspekt
- Pediatrie
- NLK Obory
- alergologie a imunologie
- perinatologie a neonatologie
- pediatrie
Cíle: Kohortová studie si kladla za cíl zjistit úroveň úmrtnosti mezi různě definovanými skupinami (kohortami) uživatelů drog a porovnat ji s úrovní úmrtnosti v běžné populaci. Zároveň se studie zaměřila na rozdíly v úmrtnosti uživatelů drog z hlediska pohlaví a typu užívané drogy. Metodika: Pro analýzu úmrtnosti byla použita metoda retrospektivní kohortové studie; v období 1997–2002 byly sledovány čtyři předem definované skupiny uživatelů drog. V ČR byly pro studii k dispozici dva soubory osob hospitalizovaných pro poruchy související s užíváním drog (12 207 a 2 824 osob), soubor injekčních uživatelů s hlášenou virovou hepatitidou (3 037 osob) a soubor uživatelů v opiátové substituční léčbě (704 osob). Výsledky: Přímo standardizovaná míra úmrtnosti dosahuje podle kohorty 16–33 na 1000 osoboroků sledování, u všech kohort je vyšší u mužů než u žen. V průběhu sledovaného období byl zaznamenán pokles úrovně úmrtnosti. Mortalita uživatelů drog je 8–11krát vyšší než úmrtnost v běžné populaci, nejvyšší je mezi polyvalentními uživateli a uživateli opiátů, relativně nejnižší mezi uživateli stimulancií. Závěr: Úroveň úmrtnosti uživatelů drog v ČR je srovnatelná s mortalitou v jiných evropských zemích – ve srovnání s dalšími kohortami dosahuje dokonce nižší úrovně. Potvrdila se existence rozdílů v úrovni úmrtnosti mezi jednotlivými kohortami; další studie by se měly zaměřit na vliv léčby na úroveň mortality uživatelů drog.
Aims: The cohort study aimed to find the level of mortality among different groups (cohorts) of drug users and compare it with the mortality rate of the general population. At the same time, the study focused on differences in mortality levels according to gender and type of drug used. Methods: A retrospective cohort mortality study was conducted. In 1997–2002, 4 defined groups of drug users were followed. These included two cohorts of hospitalized persons for drug-related behavioral disorders (12,207 and 2,824 persons), cohort of injecting drug users with reported viral hepatitis (3,037 persons) and substitution treatment clients (704 persons). Findings: Direct standardized mortality rate reached 16–33 per 1000 person-years of follow-up, depending on the cohort. In all cohorts, mortality was higher among men than women. In the follow-up period, mortality observed a consecutive decrease. The level of mortality among drug users was 8–11 times higher compared to general population. The highest mortality was observed for polyvalent and opiate users, relatively lowest for stimulants users. Conclusions: The level of mortality of drug users in the Czech Republic is comparable to mortality in other European countries; compared to other cohorts, the mortality level in CR is relatively lower. The study proved differences in mortality levels by cohorts; further research should focus on the impact of treatment on the mortality levels.
- MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mortalita trendy MeSH
- poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek epidemiologie mortalita terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Robust data on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence among HIV/hepatitis B virus (HBV)-coinfected individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) are needed to inform HCC screening strategies. We aimed to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of HCC among HIV/HBV-coinfected individuals on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-containing ART in a large multi-cohort study. METHODS: We included all HIV-infected adults with a positive hepatitis B surface antigen test followed in 4 prospective European cohorts. The primary outcome was the occurrence of HCC. Demographic and clinical information was retrieved from routinely collected data, and liver cirrhosis was defined according to results from liver biopsy or non-invasive measurements. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to assess HCC risk factors. RESULTS: A total of 3,625 HIV/HBV-coinfected patients were included, of whom 72% had started TDF-containing ART. Over 32,673 patient-years (py), 60 individuals (1.7%) developed an HCC. The incidence of HCC remained stable over time among individuals on TDF, whereas it increased steadily among those not on TDF. Among individuals on TDF, the incidence of HCC was 5.9 per 1,000 py (95% CI 3.60-9.10) in cirrhotics and 1.17 per 1,000 py (0.56-2.14) among non-cirrhotics. Age at initiation of TDF (adjusted incidence rate ratio per 10-year increase: 2.2, 95% CI 1.6-3.0) and the presence of liver cirrhosis (4.5, 2.3-8.9) were predictors of HCC. Among non-cirrhotic individuals, the incidence of HCC was only above the commonly used screening threshold of 2 cases per 1,000 py in patients aged >45 years old at TDF initiation. CONCLUSIONS: Whereas the incidence of HCC was high in cirrhotic HIV/HBV-coinfected individuals, it remained below the HCC screening threshold in patients without cirrhosis who started TDF aged <46 years old. LAY SUMMARY: We investigated the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in HIV/hepatitis B virus-coinfected individuals from a large multi-cohort study in Europe. Over 32,673 patient-years, 60 individuals (1.7%) developed hepatocellular carcinoma. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma remained low in patients without cirrhosis, who started on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate when aged <46 years old.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hepatitida B - antigeny povrchové analýza MeSH
- hepatitida B farmakoterapie virologie MeSH
- hepatocelulární karcinom epidemiologie MeSH
- HIV * MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- koinfekce farmakoterapie virologie MeSH
- látky proti HIV terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory jater epidemiologie MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- oportunní infekce doprovázející AIDS farmakoterapie virologie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- tenofovir terapeutické užití MeSH
- virus hepatitidy B imunologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
VÝCHODISKA: Problémové hráčství je spojeno s vysokým výskytem psychiatrické komorbidity. Časté jsou sebevražedné myšlenky a pokusy, přičemž dokonané sebevraždy se významně podílí na úmrtnosti problémových hráčů. CÍLE: Zjistit míru a strukturu úmrtnosti problémových hráčů a podíl sebevražednosti na ní. METODIKA: Database-linkage retrospektivní kohortová studie mortality osob hospitalizovaných v ČR v 1.1994-2011 v lůžkových )sychiatrických zařízeních s primární či sekundární diagnózou patologické hráčství (F63.0 podle MKN-10). Zdroje lat byly Národní registr hospitalizovaných a informační systém Zemřelí. Byla provedena nepřímá standardizace a vypočítán standardizovaný index úmrtnosti (SMR). Struktura úmrtnosti v souboru J patologických hráčů byla po vážení na pohlaví a věk porovnána se strukturou úmrtnosti obecné populace v 1.1994-2011. VÝSLEDKY: V kohortě se nacházelo celkem 7704 osob, z toho 7215 (93,7%) mužů a 489 (6,3 %) žen, v průměrném věku 33,2 roku (muži 32,7, ženy 40,5). Celkový osobočas sledování dosáhl 64 370 osoboroků. Zemřelo 547 osob, z toho 516 mužů a 31 žen. Průměrná roční hrubá míra úmrtnosti dosáhla celkem 8,50 /1000 osob, u mužů 8,44 a u žen 9,63. Střední hodnota SMR se v jednotlivých letech pohybovala kolem 2, u žen byly střední hodnoty SMR mírně vyšší než u mužů. Ve struktuře hrubé úmrtnosti patologických hráčů dominovaly vnější příčiny úmrtí (44,6 %), z toho většinu tvořily sebevraždy (26,7 % všech úmrtí). Po převážení na strukturu obecné populace byl podíl sebevražd nižší (4,8 %), přesto převyšoval podíl sebevražd na úmrtnosti obecné populace 3,4krát. ZÁVĚR: Sebevražednost je podstatnou součástí klinického obrazu problémového hráčství a významně se podílí na úmrtnosti patologických hráčů. V péči o problémové hráče je potřeba rizikům sebevraždy věnovat náležitou pozornost.
BACKGROUND: Problem gambling is associated with a high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity and suicidality, which substantially contributes to the mortality of problem gamblers. AIMS: To explore the mortality rate of problem gamblers and contribution of suicides to its structure. METHODS: A database-linkage retrospective cohort mortality study of persons hospitalised in psychiatric facilities with diagnosis of pathological gambling (dg. F63.0 according to ICD-10) in the CR in 1994-2011 was performed. The National Register of Hospitalisations and the Death Information System were data sources. The Indirect standardisation was performed and the Standardised Mortality Ratio (SMR) was computed. The mortality structure in the sample was compared with that of the general population in the 1994-2011 after adjusting for gender and age. RESULTS: There were 7,704 individuals in the cohort, of whom 7,215 (93.7%) were males and 489 (6.3%) females, with the mean age of 33.2 years, (males 32.7, females 40.5). The total person-time of observation was 64,370 person-years. In total, 547 persons died (516 males, 31 females). The mean annual crude mortality rate was 8.50/1,000 persons (8.44 in the males, 9.63 in the females). The central estimate of SMR was approximately 2 over the years, slightly higher in females. External causes of death predominated in the crude vortality structure of the hospitalised gamblers (44.6%), most of whom were suicides (26.7% of all the deaths). The adjusted (for gender and age) proportion of suicides was 3.4 times higher than in the general population. CONCLUSION: Suicidality represents a considerable part of clinical picture of gambling disorder and significantly determines mortality of disordered gamblers. Attention should be paid to the risk of suicides in disordered gamblers in treatment.
- Klíčová slova
- problémové hráčství, hráčská porucha,
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hospitalizace MeSH
- hráčství * mortalita MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- návykové chování MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- sebevražda * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: While acrylates are well-known skin sensitizers, they are not classified as respiratory sensitizers although several cases of acrylate-induced occupational asthma (OA) have been reported. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the characteristics of acrylate-induced OA in a large series of cases and compare those with OA induced by other low-molecular-weight (LMW) agents. METHODS: Jobs and exposures, clinical and functional characteristics, and markers of airway inflammation were analyzed in an international, multicenter, retrospective cohort of subjects with OA ascertained by a positive inhalation challenge to acrylates (n = 55) or other LMW agents (n = 418) including isocyanates (n = 125). RESULTS: Acrylate-containing glues were the most prevalent products, and industrial manufacturing, dental work, and beauty care were typical occupations causing OA. Work-related rhinitis was more common in acrylate-than in isocyanate-induced asthma (P < .001). The increase in postchallenge fractional exhaled nitric oxide was significantly greater in acrylate-induced OA (26.0; 8.2 to 38.0 parts per billion [ppb]) than in OA induced by other LMW agents (3.0; -1.0 to 10.0 ppb; P < .001) or isocyanates (5.0; 2.0 to 16.0 ppb; P = .010). Multivariable models confirmed that OA induced by acrylates was significantly and independently associated with a postchallenge increase in fractional exhaled nitric oxide (≥17.5 ppb). CONCLUSIONS: Acrylate-induced OA shows specific characteristics, concomitant work-related rhinitis, and exposure-related increases in fractional exhaled nitric oxide, suggesting that acrylates may induce asthma through different immunologic mechanisms compared with mechanisms through which other LMW agents may induce asthma. Our findings reinforce the need for a reevaluation of the hazard classification of acrylates, and further investigation of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying their respiratory sensitizing potential.
BACKGROUND: There is limited knowledge on the adverse outcomes in newborns after maternal methamphetamine (MA) use during pregnancy. OBJECTIVES: To compare neonatal outcomes in newborns exposed to MA with the newborns of opioid-exposed mothers and of mothers from the general population (GP). METHOD: A cohort study using nationwide registries in Czechia (2000-2014). Women hospitalized with a main diagnosis of MA use disorder during pregnancy (n = 258) and their newborns were defined as MA-exposed. The comparison groups consisted of women (n = 199) diagnosed with opioid use disorder during pregnancy, defined as opioid-exposed, and women (n = 1,511,310) with no substance use disorder diagnosis (GP). The neonatal outcomes studied were growth parameters, gestational age, preterm birth, and Apgar score. To explore the associations between MA exposure and neonatal outcomes, regression coefficients (b) and odds ratios from multivariable linear and binary logistic regression were estimated. RESULTS: MA-exposed women had similar socio-economic characteristics to opioid-exposed, both of which were worse than in the GP. After adjustment, MA exposure was associated with a more favourable birthweight when compared to the opioid-exposed (adjusted mean differences [aMD] b = 122.3 g, 95% CI: 26.0-218.5) and length (aMD b = 0.6 cm, 0.0-1.1). Unadjusted results from the comparison with the GP showed that the MA group had poorer neonatal outcomes, especially in the growth parameters. Adjustment for background characteristics had a profound effect on the comparison with the GP. After adjustment, MA exposure was associated only with a slightly reduced birthweight (aMD b = -63.0 g, -123.0 to -3.1) and birth length (aMD b = -0.3 cm, -0.6 to 0.0). CONCLUSIONS: Although the observed negative outcomes were large in the MA-exposed newborns, the adjustment had a profound effect on the comparison with the GP, indicating the large influence of lifestyle and socio-economic factors in these high-risk pregnancies. MA-exposed newborns had better neonatal outcomes compared to opioids-exposed.
- MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- komplikace těhotenství * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methamfetamin škodlivé účinky MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- předčasný porod MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- výsledek těhotenství * MeSH
- zpožděný efekt prenatální expozice * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Embolic events to the central nervous system are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with infective endocarditis (IE). The appropriate role of valvular surgery in reducing such embolic events is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the initiation of antimicrobial therapy and the temporal incidence of stroke in patients with IE and to determine if this time course differs from that shown for embolic events in previous studies. METHODS: Prospective incidence cohort study involving 61 tertiary referral centers in 28 countries. Case report forms were analyzed from 1437 consecutive patients with left-sided endocarditis admitted directly to participating centers. RESULTS: The crude incidence of stroke in patients receiving appropriate antimicrobial therapy was 4.82/1000 patient days in the first week of therapy and fell to 1.71/1000 patient days in the second week. This rate continued to decline with further therapy. Stroke rates fell similarly regardless of the valve or organism involved. After 1 week of antimicrobial therapy, only 3.1% of the cohort experienced a stroke. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of stroke in IE falls dramatically after the initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy. The falling risk of stroke in patients with IE as a whole precludes stroke prevention as the sole indication for valvular surgery after 1 week of therapy.
- MeSH
- analýza rozptylu MeSH
- antiinfekční látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- bakteriální endokarditida farmakoterapie komplikace mikrobiologie MeSH
- cévní mozková příhoda epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci srdečních chlopní chirurgie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
BACKGROUND: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a treatment option for persistent or recurrent acromegaly secondary to a growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma, but its efficacy is inadequately defined. OBJECTIVE: To assess, in a multicenter, retrospective cohort study, the outcomes of SRS for acromegaly and determine predictors. METHODS: We pooled and analyzed data from 10 participating institutions of the International Gamma Knife Research Foundation for patients with acromegaly who underwent SRS with endocrine follow-up of ≥6 mo. RESULTS: The study cohort comprised 371 patients with a mean endocrine follow-up of 79 mo. IGF-1 lowering medications were held in 56% of patients who were on pre-SRS medical therapy. The mean SRS treatment volume and margin dose were 3.0 cm3 and 24.2 Gy, respectively. The actuarial rates of initial and durable endocrine remission at 10 yr were 69% and 59%, respectively. The mean time to durable remission after SRS was 38 mo. Biochemical relapse after initial remission occurred in 9%, with a mean time to recurrence of 17 mo. Cessation of IGF-1 lowering medication prior to SRS was the only independent predictor of durable remission (P = .01). Adverse radiation effects included the development of ≥1 new endocrinopathy in 26% and ≥1 cranial neuropathy in 4%. CONCLUSION: SRS is a definitive treatment option for patients with persistent or recurrent acromegaly after surgical resection. There appears to be a statistical association between the cessation of IGF-1 lowering medications prior to SRS and durable remission.
- MeSH
- adenom hypofýzy vylučující růstový hormon komplikace chirurgie MeSH
- adenom komplikace chirurgie MeSH
- akromegalie etiologie chirurgie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- radiochirurgie škodlivé účinky metody MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
... ; -- 3.3 -- 3.3.1 : -- 3.3.2 I -- 3.4 -- 3.4.1 I -- 3.4.2 -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- The EC-IBD cohort ... ... considerations -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- Prevalence of genetic and serologic markers in a population-based cohort ... ... Results (paper II) -- Discussion -- Phenotypes and genotypes in an unselected cohort of IBD patients ...
1 svazek : ilustrace, tabulky ; 30 cm
- MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- idiopatické střevní záněty genetika MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- sérologické testy MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- výsledek těhotenství MeSH
- ženy MeSH
- Check Tag
- těhotenství MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- gastroenterologie
- genetika, lékařská genetika
- NLK Publikační typ
- studie