V práci jsou popsány principy kritického hodnocení terapeutických možností. Podrobněji je rozpracováno hodnocení validity, významnosti a použitelnosti hodnocených léčebných metod a jsou zdůrazněny problémy, které mohou komplikovat správnou interpretaci výsledků.

Basicpr inciples of the critical assessment of treatment methods are described in this paper. Assessment ofvalidity, importance and applicability of treatment methods evaluated is presented in details. Possible problems, complicating proper interpretation of results are pointed out.

• MeSH
• epidemiologická měření MeSH
• epidemiologické metody MeSH
• medicína založená na důkazech MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH

• MeSH
• antikoncepce metody   využití   MeSH
• cervikální hlen fyziologie   MeSH
• metody přirozeného plánování rodičovství MeSH
• plodné dny fyziologie   MeSH
• rodičovství MeSH
• určení ovulace metody   využití   MeSH
• ženy psychologie   MeSH
• změny tělesné teploty MeSH

• Konspekt
• Hygiena. Lidské zdraví
• NLK Obory
• reprodukční lékařství
• NLK Publikační typ
• studie

• MeSH
• epidemiologické metody MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci epidemiologie   MeSH
• zdravotnické přehledy metody   MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• kardiologie
• angiologie
• epidemiologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• publikace WHO

• MeSH
• riskování MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH

• Konspekt
• Statistika
• NLK Obory
• statistika, zdravotnická statistika
• biologie

• MeSH
• Cannabis aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
• kanabinoidy farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Parkinsonova nemoc MeSH
• příznaky a symptomy MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

The temperature effects during the sol-gel process and ageing of the silica-based monolith on the structure and separation efficiency of the capillary columns (100microm i.d., 150mm) for HPLC separations were studied. The tested columns were synthesized from a mixture of tetramethoxysilane, polyethylene glycol and urea under the acidic conditions. The temperature was varied from 40 degrees C to 44 degrees C and formation of bypass channels between the silica mold and the capillary wall was examined. The temperature of 43 degrees C was estimated as optimal for preparation of efficient silica capillary columns which were subsequently modified by octadecyldimethyl-N,N-diethylaminosilane or covered by poly(octadecyl methacrylate) and tested using standard mixture of alkylbenzenes under the isocratic conditions.

• MeSH
• benzenové deriváty chemie   MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
• močovina chemie   MeSH
• oxid křemičitý chemie   MeSH
• polyethylenglykoly chemie   MeSH
• silany chemie   MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody   MeSH
• změna skupenství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate the effect of catheter-based patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure on the occurrence of arterial bubbles after simulated dives. BACKGROUND: PFO is a risk factor of decompression sickness in divers due to paradoxical embolization of bubbles. To date, the effectiveness of catheter-based PFO closure in the reduction of arterial bubbles has not been demonstrated. METHODS: A total of 47 divers (age 35.4 ± 8.6 years, 81% men) with a PFO (PFO group) or treated with a catheter-based PFO closure (closure group) were enrolled in this case-controlled observational trial. All divers were examined after a simulated dive in a hyperbaric chamber: 34 divers (19 in the PFO group, 15 in the closure group) performed a dive to 18 m for 80 min, and 13 divers (8 in the PFO group, 5 in the closure group) performed a dive to 50 m for 20 min. Within 60 min after surfacing, the presence of venous and arterial bubbles was assessed by transthoracic echocardiography and transcranial color-coded sonography, respectively. RESULTS: After the 18-m dive, venous bubbles were detected in 74% of divers in the PFO group versus 80% in the closure group (p = 1.0), and arterial bubbles were detected in 32% versus 0%, respectively (p = 0.02). After the 50-m dive, venous bubbles were detected in 88% versus 100%, respectively (p = 1.0), and arterial bubbles were detected in 88% versus 0%, respectively (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: No difference was observed in the occurrence of venous bubbles between the PFO and closure groups, but the catheter-based PFO closure led to complete elimination of arterial bubbles after simulated dives. (Nitrogen Bubble Detection After Simulated Dives in Divers With PFO and After PFO Closure; NCT01854281).

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• dekompresní nemoc etiologie   prevence a kontrola   ultrasonografie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• echokardiografie transezofageální MeSH
• foramen ovale apertum terapie   ultrasonografie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• potápění škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• septální okluder MeSH
• srdeční katetrizace * přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• ultrasonografie dopplerovská transkraniální MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• vzduchová embolie etiologie   prevence a kontrola   ultrasonografie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

PURPOSE: Exercise-based cancer rehabilitation via digital technologies can provide a promising alternative to centre-based exercise training, but data for cancer patients and survivors are limited. We conducted a meta-analysis examining the effect of telehealth exercise-based cancer rehabilitation in cancer survivors on cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, muscle strength, health-related quality of life, and self-reported symptoms. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, and reference lists of articles related to the aim were searched up to March 2023. Randomized controlled clinical trials were included comparing the effect of telehealth exercise-based cancer rehabilitation with guideline-based usual care in adult cancer survivors. The primary result was cardiorespiratory fitness expressed by peak oxygen consumption. RESULTS: A total of 1510 participants were identified, and ten randomized controlled trials (n = 855) were included in the meta-analysis. The study sample was 85% female, and the mean age was 52.7 years. Meta-analysis indicated that telehealth exercise-based cancer rehabilitation significantly improved cardiorespiratory fitness (SMD = 0.34, 95% CI 0.20, 0.49, I2 = 42%, p < 0.001) and physical activity (SMD = 0.34, 95% CI, 0.17, 0.51, I2 = 71%, p < 0.001). It was uncertain whether telehealth exercise-based cancer rehabilitation, compared with guideline-based usual care, improved the quality of life (SMD = 0.23, 95%CI, -0.07, 0.52, I2 = 67%, p = 0.14) body mass index (MD = 0.46, 95% CI, -1.19, 2.12, I2 = 60%, p = 0.58) and muscle strength (SMD = 0.07, 95% CI, -0.14, 0.28, I2 = 37%, p = 0.51). CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis showed that telehealth exercise cancer rehabilitation could significantly increase cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity levels and decrease fatigue. It is uncertain whether these interventions improve quality of life and muscle strength. High-quality and robust studies are needed to investigate specific home-based exercise regimens in different cancer subgroups to increase the certainty of the evidence.

• MeSH
• cvičení MeSH
• kardiorespirační zdatnost * MeSH
• kvalita života * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory * rehabilitace   MeSH
• přežívající onkologičtí pacienti MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
• svalová síla * MeSH
• telemedicína MeSH
• telerehabilitace MeSH
• terapie cvičením * metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

BACKGROUND: Tumor targeting of radiotherapy represents a great challenge. The addition of multimodal nanoparticles, such as 3 nm gadolinium-based nanoparticles (GdBNs), has been proposed as a promising strategy to amplify the effects of radiation in tumors and improve diagnostics using the same agents. This singular property named theranostic is a unique advantage of GdBNs. It has been established that the amplification of radiation effects by GdBNs appears due to fast electronic processes. However, the influence of these nanoparticles on cells is not yet understood. In particular, it remains dubious how nanoparticles activated by ionizing radiation interact with cells and their constituents. A crucial question remains open of whether damage to the nucleus is necessary for the radiosensitization exerted by GdBNs (and other nanoparticles). METHODS: We studied the effect of GdBNs on the induction and repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the nuclear DNA of U87 tumor cells irradiated with γ-rays. For this purpose, we used currently the most sensitive method of DSBs detection based on high-resolution confocal fluorescence microscopy coupled with immunodetection of two independent DSBs markers. RESULTS: We show that, in the conditions where GdBNs amplify radiation effects, they remain localized in the cytoplasm, i.e. do not penetrate into the nucleus. In addition, the presence of GdBNs in the cytoplasm neither increases induction of DSBs by γ-rays in the nuclear DNA nor affects their consequent repair. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the radiosensitization mediated by GdBNs is a cytoplasmic event that is independent of the nuclear DNA breakage, a phenomenon commonly accepted as the explanation of biological radiation effects. Considering our earlier recognized colocalization of GdBNs with the lysosomes and endosomes, we revolutionary hypothesize here about these organelles as potential targets for (some) nanoparticles. If confirmed, this finding of cytoplasmically determined radiosensitization opens new perspectives of using nano-radioenhancers to improve radiotherapy without escalating the risk of pathologies related to genetic damage.

• MeSH
• dvouřetězcové zlomy DNA účinky léků   MeSH
• gadolinium toxicita   MeSH
• glioblastom metabolismus   MeSH
• kovové nanočástice toxicita   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• oprava DNA účinky léků   MeSH
• poškození DNA účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• analgezie MeSH
• bolest MeSH
• psychosomatické lékařství MeSH

• Konspekt
• Psychologie
• NLK Obory
• psychologie, klinická psychologie