Exercise programme
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30 pacientů obou pohlaví ve věku nad 75 let z domovů důchodců se účastnilo 3měsíčního pohybového programu za účelem zlepšení koordinace a stability a tímsnížení rizika pádu.Úspěšnost tohoto pohybového programu se ověřovala třemi motorickými testy a vyšetřením na posturografu, a to na začátku, po skončení pohybového programu a 6 měsíců od ukončení programu. Kontrolní skupina o stejném počtu, bez pohybového programu, absolvovala stejná vyšetření. Výsledky ukazují, že dochází ke zlepšeníu vybraných parametrů stability, ale při dodržení přísných kritériívýběru pacientů. Z hlediska hodnocení je třeba preferovat přístup individuální před obecným.
Thirty patients of both sexes aged above 75 yeares from old age pensioners homes participated in a three-month exercise programme to improve coordination and stability and thus to reduce the risk of falls. The success of this programme was tested by three motor tests and examination on a posturograph at the beginning and after completion of the exercise programme and 6 months after termination of the programme. An equally sized control group without and exercise programme was subjected to the same examinations. The results indicate that improvement of selected parameters of stability occurs if strict criteria are used for selection of patients. From the aspect of evaluation an individual approach is preferable to a general one.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obstrukční plicní nemoci rehabilitace MeSH
- terapie cvičením MeSH
- zátěžový test MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
In our work we sought to verify the effectiveness of a didactic programme of exercise on unstable surfaces for stimulation of strength abilities, compared to a similar didactic programme conducted on stable surfaces, thus creating an alternative choice for coaches, teachers, and sports instructors. A major element of the didactic process is the quality of the strength training programme on stable and unstable surfaces. The sample of probands was selected from a population of college and recreational and active athletes from Prague. The group was made up of men aged 20 to 40 (n = 75). The probands were randomly assigned to three groups. From a methodological point of view, this was a single-factor, tri-level experiment. The experimental factor was represented by a specific strength programme (exercise on unstable surfaces, exercise on a stable base, without any exercise programme). The movement programme lasted 10 weeks and con- tained 22 exercise units. When evaluating the overall results of the tests before and after the experimental pro- gramme, we come to be of the opinion that the experimental programme manifested itself positively in effectiveness of stimulating strength abilities. The strength programme had an influence on increasing the persistence of strength in dynamic and static regimens. In the case of a strengthening programme on unstable surfaces there was a tendency towards greater growth in the number of repetitions as opposed to programme on a stable base at the beginning of the programme in the case of exercise in a dynamic regimen.
OBJECTIVE: We examined the effect of a 6-month combined aerobic and resistance training programme on cardiometabolic risk factors in nondiabetic subjects and compared its effectiveness when executed under strict professional supervision or without direct supervision. METHODS: Eighty-five sedentary, non-diabetic subjects (27 men and 58 women), mean age 47.5 +/- 0.6 years, mean body mass index (BMI, 33.8 +/- 0.6 kg/m2) participated in a combined exercise programme assigned to supervised (S, n = 31), non-supervised (NS, n = 24) or control group (C, n = 30). Cardiometabolic risk parameters were assessed at baseline and after the 6-month training. RESULTS: In both the S and NS group there was a significant decrease in BMI (-1.6 +/- 0.3, p < 0.001 and -1.0 +/- 0.3 kg/m2, p = 0.004), waist circumference (-10.1 +/- 1.1 cm, p < 0.001 and -7.8 +/- 0.8 cm, p < 0.001), fat mass (-1.8 +/- 0.4%, p < 0.001 and -2.1 +/- 0.6%, p = 0.003), and a significant increase in fat-free mass (+1.7 +/- 0.4%, p < 0.001 and +2.0 +/- 0.7%, p = 0.008), and aerobic capacity (+6.9 +/- 1.1, p < 0.001 and +6.9 +/- 0.8 ml/kg per min, p = 0.008). Fasting glucose did not change in S and NS, but increased in C (p = 0.048). In the S group a significant decrease in fasting insulin (p < 0.001), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (p < 0.001), highly sensitive C-reactive protein (p = 0.004), leucocytes count (p = 0.04), systolic high (p < 0.001) and diastolic (p = 0.009) blood pressure was found. Comparable significant decreases in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were observed in all study groups. CONCLUSIONS: A 6-month combined exercise programme led to substantial improvement of various cardiometabolic risk factors. This programme was effective even when executed without direct supervision, although the effects were more pronounced in the supervised group. Our findings suggest that non-supervised exercise programmes may be a valuable, cost-effective tool to translate the current physical activity guidelines in a real-life setting.
- MeSH
- cvičení fyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolický syndrom etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- organizace a řízení MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- studie proveditelnosti MeSH
- vzpírání fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Bulharsko MeSH
Haemodialysis patients have few endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and an unfavourable cardiovascular outcome. The effects on peripheral blood CD34(+) cells and EPCs of a 6-month walking exercise programme were studied. Thirty dialysis patients (20 males, age 67 +/- 12 years) were prescribed exercise (two daily 10-min home walking sessions at moderate intensity, group E, n = 16) or not prescribed exercise (control, group C, n = 14). On entry and after 6 months peripheral blood CD34(+) cells, EPCs (assessed as CD34(+) cells co-expressing AC133 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 [VEGFR2], and as endothelial colony-forming units [e-CFU]) and exercise capacity (6-min walking distance, 6MWD) were evaluated. In group E, 6MWD and e-CFU increased significantly during the study period, with no significant changes in CD34(+) or CD34(+) AC133(+) VEGFR2(+) cell numbers. The change in e-CFU was directly and significantly correlated to patient-reported training load. Group C showed no significant change in any variable. In haemodialysis patients, moderate-intensity exercise selectively increased the number of e-CFU.
Prevalencia funkčných porúch oporného a pohybového systému u školskej populácie sú predpokladom štrukturálnych zmien, ktoré sú v dospelosti mnohokrát aj dôvodom invalidizácie, o čom vypovedajú aj štatistiky zdravotných poisťovní na Slovensku. Preto včasná diagnostika a prevencia u detí a mládeže realizovaná cez cielené pohybové programy s kompenzačným účinkom sú jednou z možností, ako predísť uvedeným skutočnostiam v neskoršom veku. Štúdia prezentuje čiastkový cieľ a úlohy s intenciou vplyvu intervenčného pohybového programu na pohyblivosť chrbtice ako jedného z ukazovateľov funkčného stavu pohybového systému u žiačok štvrtých ročníkov stredných škôl v rámci vyučovacích hodín telesnej a športovej výchovy, s cieľom rozšíriť poznatky z oblasti účinku a významu pohybových programov s kompenzačným zameraním aj v obsahu telesnej a športovej výchovy. Nami zvolený experimentálny súbor tvorili žiačky štvrtého ročníka strednej školy mesta L. Mikuláš. Z hľadiska metód získavania údajov sme použili štandardizované metódy hodnotenia vybraných determinantov pohybového systému opierajúce sa o pedagogickú a medicínsku prax, kde získané kvalitatívne a kvantitatívne údaje hodnotenia dynamickej funkcie chrbtice sme spracovali parametrickým t-testom pre závislé pozorovanie a celkovú svalovú rovnováhu chí-kvadrát testom. Výsledky signifikantne (p<0,01) preukázali vplyv nami zvoleného pohybového programu na sledovaný determinant pohybového systému v súbore žiačok, čím sme potvrdili účinnosť pohybového programu s kompenzačným zameraním na pohyblivosť chrbtice v sagitálnej a laterálnej rovine, ako aj na a celkovú svalovú rovnováhu a možnosti jeho využitia v obsahu vyučovania telesnej a športovej výchovy.
Prevalence of functional disorders of the musculoskeletal apparatus in the school population is a precondition for structural changes and often the cause of invalidity in adulthood in Slovakia. Also statistics of health insurance companies correspond with this fact. Therefore, early diagnosis and prevention in children and youth carried out through exercise programs are one of the options of prevention of these facts in later age. The study presents a partial objective and tasks with the intention of the intervention exercise programme to influence selected determinants of the muscul oskeletal system in female pupils of fourth grades at secondary schools within lessons of physical education, with the possibility to extend the knowledge about the effect and significance of exercise programs as a part of physical education. Our selected test group consisted of female fourth grade pupils at secondary schools in L. Mikuláš. As to methods for obtaining data we used standardized methods of evaluation of selected musculoskeletal apparatus determinants based on pedagogical and medical practice. We processed the obtained qualitative and quantitative data of evaluation of the dynamic function of the spine with the aid of the parametric t-test for dependent observation and the Chi-square test for overall muscle balance. Results significantly (p<0,01) demonstrated the impact of the selected exercise program with selected equipment on the determinants of the muscular system in the tested group of female pupils, whereby we confirmed the effectiveness of the exercise program on spine dynamic function and overall muscle balance, as well as of the possibilities of its inclusion in physical education and sports.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- muskuloskeletální systém * patofyziologie MeSH
- páteř * MeSH
- pohybová aktivita * MeSH
- postura těla * MeSH
- školy MeSH
- statistika jako téma * MeSH
- studenti MeSH
- svalová slabost * MeSH
- techniky cvičení a pohybu * metody využití MeSH
- tělesná výchova * MeSH
- terapie cvičením * MeSH
- výsledek terapie * MeSH
- výzkum * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
AIM: To compare the effects of exergames (EGs) using the Xbox Kinect™ device and home exercise (HE) on balance, functional mobility, and quality of life of individuals aged 65 years or older. METHOD: One hundred participants who met the inclusion criteria were randomized to the EG or HE group. The EG group took part in a 6-week programme using the Xbox360Kinect™ device, and the HE group took part in a 6-week balance exercise programme at home 5 days a week. The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) was used to assess balance, the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test was used to evaluate functional walking, and the Short Form 36 (SF-36) was used to assess quality of life. RESULTS: Forty-eight participants in the EG group and 42 participants in the HE group completed the study. The groups were similar in terms of age, sex, and pretreatment values of BBS, TUG, and SF-36. Although the BBS scores of both groups improved significantly (all p<0.05), the post-treatment scores of the EG group were better than those of the HE group. The TUG scores improved only in the EG group (p<0.05). The increase in the BBS scores and decrease in the TUG test scores were significant only in the EG group (all p<0.05). A significant improvement was also observed in the quality of life parameters of physical functioning, social role functioning, physical role restriction, general health perceptions, and physical component scores in the post-exercise evaluations of the EG group. The participants commented that they found the EG programme very entertaining. CONCLUSION: The EG can be considered a safe, entertaining and sustainable alternative to HE programmes, and it may have positive effects on balance, functional walking and quality of life in geriatric subjects.
- MeSH
- geriatrické hodnocení MeSH
- kvalita života * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- omezení pohyblivosti MeSH
- posturální rovnováha fyziologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- terapie cvičením metody MeSH
- ukazatele zdravotního stavu MeSH
- videohry * MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
V naší práci jsme se zaměřili na posturální systém, který zajišťuje udržování vzpřímeného držení těla. Cílem bylo zjistit, zda pravidelné a cílené cvičení modifikovaného programu pilates pozitivně ovlivní držení těla. Při výběru pohybového programu jsme vycházeli z koncepce cvičení pilates, jeho charakteristik a klíčových principů. Intervenční program byl tříměsíční, s frekvencí třikrát týdně. Výzkumný soubor tvořilo 21 probandů. Vybranými indikátory držení těla bylo vyšetření kvality posturálních funkcí – hodnocení postavy pohledem zboku a zezadu, index staticky kompenzovaného tvaru páteře – s ohledem na lordotické křivky páteře a rozdíl rozložení hmotnosti na pravou a levou dolní končetinu. Na základě analýzy pomocí matematicko-statistických metod i věcně podstatnou analýzou získaných dat jsme verifikovali stanovenou pracovní hypotézu a potvrdili jsme, že u výzkumného souboru došlo ke zlepšení držení těla.
In our thesis we focused on postural system, which ensures maintaining of upright posture. The aim was to find out if regular and pointed exercise of a modified pilates programme would have a positive influence on posture. When selecting the exercise programme, we worked on the concept of pilates, its characteristics and key principles. The intervention programme was three months, with frequency of three times a week. There were 21 subjects. The chosen posture indicators were examination of quality of postural functions – evaluation of posture with regard to view from the side and from behind, index of statically compensated spine shape – with regard to lordosis spine curves, and difference of weight distribution between right and left lower extremities. Based on both mathematic-statistic methods and objectively logical analyses, we verified the hypothesis and validated that the posture of the subjects improved.
- Klíčová slova
- pohybový systém, pilates, funkční změny,
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- interpretace statistických dat MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- muskuloskeletální systém MeSH
- pohybová aktivita MeSH
- postura těla MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky * MeSH
- sporty MeSH
- terapie cvičením * metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- výzkum MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Objectives: Diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) is a serious late diabetic complication characterised by limited joint mobility and other biomechanical and muscle abnormalities. Aim: To evaluate the effect of an interventional exercise programme on anthropometric parameters, muscle strength, mobility and fitness in patients with diabetic foot in remission. Data Sources and Study Selection: Thirty-eight patients with type 2 diabetes and DFS without active lesions (mean age 65 ± 6.9 years, BMI 32 ± 4.7 kg.m-2, waist-hip ratio (WHR)1.02 ± 0.06) were enrolled in our randomised controlled trial. All subjects were randomised into two groups: an intervention group (I; n=19) and a control group (C; n=19). The 12-week exercise intervention focused on ankle and small-joint mobility in the foot, strengthening and stretching of the lower extremity muscles, and improvements in fitness. Changes (Δ=final minus initial results) in physical activity were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), with joint mobility detected by goniometry, muscle strength by dynamometry, and fitness using the Senior Fitness Test (SFT). Data extraction: Due to reulceration, 15.8% of patients from group I (3/19) and 15.8% of patients from group C were excluded. Based on the IPAQ, group I was more active when it came to heavy (p=0.03) and moderate physical activity (p=0.06) after intervention compared to group C. Group I improved significantly in larger-joint flexibility (p=0.012) compared to controls. In group I, dynamometric parameters increased significantly in both lower limbs (left leg; p=0.013, right leg; p=0.043) compared to group C. We observed a positive trend in the improvement of fitness in group I compared to group C. We also confirmed positive correlations between heavy physical activity and selected parameters of flexibility (r=0.47; p=0.007), SFT (r=0.453; p=0.011) and dynamometry (r=0.58; p<0.0025). Anthropometric parameters, such as BMI and WHR, were not significantly influenced by the intervention programme. Conclusion: Our 12-week interventional exercise programme proved relatively safe, resulting in improved body flexibility and increased muscle strength in DF patients in remission.
- MeSH
- cvičení fyziologie MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu * komplikace terapie MeSH
- diabetická noha * terapie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- svalová síla fyziologie MeSH
- terapie cvičením MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
