Experiment bol zameraný na posúdenie zmien rýchlostno-silových schopností po aplikácii systematického silového tréningu izokinetickou formou doplnenou o proprioceptívnu stimuláciu. Sledovania sa zúčastnilo 31 poslucháčov FTVŠ UK, rozdelených náhodným výberom na experimentálnu (ES) a kontrolnú skupinu (KS). Experimentálna skupina (ES) pozostávala zo 16 mužov (vek 23,3 ± 2,6 rokov, výška 182,9 ± 6,3 cm, hmotnosť 77,4 ± 9,8 kg). Kontrolná skupina (KS) pozostávala z 15 mužov (vek 22,6 ± 3,9 rokov, výška 180,8 ± 5,9 cm, hmotnosť 80,1 ± 10,3 kg. ES a KS absolvovala 8-týždňový silový tréning pozostávajúci z cvikov na počítačom riadenom lineárnom izokinetickom „leg presse“. Experimentálny podnet tvorili krátkotrvajúce protipohyby a zrýchlenia frekvencie cca 9Hz a amplitúdy 5mm. Výsledky ukázali v oboch skupinách signifikantné (p ? 0,05) zlepšenie maximálnej izometrickej kontrakcie o 37 % (ES) resp. o 25 % (KS), výšky výskoku z podrepu po protipohybe (counter-movement jump) o 5 % (ES) resp. o 5 % (KS), úrovne maximálnej sily v koncentrickej fáze izokinetického pohybu (v = 0,5 m.s-1) o 42 % (ES) resp. o 44 % (KS), úrovne priemernej sily v koncentrickej fáze izokinetického pohybu (v = 0,5 m.s-1) o 40 % (ES) resp. o 28 (KS), úrovne maximálnej sily v excentrickej fáze izokinetického pohybu (v = 0,5 m.s-1) o 36 % (ES) resp. o 25 % (KS), úrovne priemernej sily v excentrickej fáze izokinetického pohybu (v = 0,5 m.s-1) o 45 % (ES) resp. o 25 % (KS), času v behu na 30 m o 1,3 % (ES) resp. o 0,7 % (KS). Úroveň silového gradientu sa signifikantne (p ? 0,05) zlepšila len v (ES) o 26 %. Tak isto výška výskoku z drepu (squat jump) sa signifikantne (p ? 0,05) zlepšila len v (ES) o 5 %. Porovnanie je signifikantné (p ? 0,05) v rozdielnych prírastkoch silového gradientu v prospech experimentálnej skupiny. Rozsahy zlepšenia ostatných parametrov sa štatisticky významne nelíšili. Konštatujeme, že izokinetická metóda silového tréningu doplnená o mechanickú proprioceptívnu stimuláciu prispieva ku zlepšeniu rýchlostno-silových schopností. V porovnaní s izokinetickou metódou bez mechanickej stimulácie zabezpečuje signifikatné prírastky hodnôt silového gradientu, čo možno vysvetliť špecifickou nervovo-svalovou adaptáciou na špecifický podnet – krátkotrvajúci protipohyb, resp. zrýchlenie. Nesignifikantnosť rozdielu prírastkov koordinačne náročnejšieho testu – behu na 30 m, v ktorom je zastúpená aj zložka silového gradientu poukazuje na skutočnosť, že zabudovanie kondičných faktorov do koordinačne náročnejších štruktúr je zložitý proces, ktorý špeciálne metodické postupy s využitím špeciálneho zaťaženia.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes of speed-strength capabilities after 8 weeks of systematic isokinetic strength training with integrated proprioceptive stimulation. 31 sport students were randomly divided in experimental (ES) and control group (KS). ES consisting of 16 men (age 23,3 ± 2,6 years, height 182,9 ± 6,3 cm, weight 77,4 ± 9,8 kg). KS consisting of 15 men (age 22,6 ± 3,9 years, height 180,8 ± 5,9 cm, weight 80,1 ± 10,3 kg). Both the ES and the KS performed 8-week isokinetic strength training on computer controlled linear isokinetic leg press machine. Experimental – proprioceptive stimulation was applied by fast counter movements with amplitude of 5mm and frequency of 9Hz. The results showed in both groups significant (p ? 0,05) improvement of maximal isometric contraction by 37 % in ES and 25 % in KS, jump height in counter movement jump by 5 % ES and 5 % KS, maximal force in concentric phase of isokinetic test (v=0,5 m.s-1) by 42 % ES and 44 % KS, mean force in concentric phase of isokinetic test (v=0,5 m.s-1) 40 % ES and 28 % KS, maximal force in eccentric phase of isokinetic test (v=0,5 m.s-1) by 36 % ES and 25 % KS, mean force in eccentric phase of isokinetic test (v=0,5 m.s-1) by 45 % ES and 25 % KS, time 30 m run by 1,3 % ES and 0,7 % KS. Force gradient was significantly (p ? 0,05) improved only in ES by 26 %. Also jump height in squat jump showed significant (p ? 0,05) improvement only in ES by 5 %. The comparison of improvements showed significant (p ? 0,05) difference in force gradient in favour of experimental group. The comparison of other improvements was not significantly different. It can be concluded that 8 weeks of systematic isokinetic strength training with integrated proprioceptive stimulation improves the speed-strength capabilities. Compared with isokinetic training without proprioceptive stimulation causes significant improvement in force gradient, which can be explained by specific neuro-muscular adaptation to a specific stimulus. No significant differences in 30 m run, where force gradient is included, can be ascribed to the fact that the implementation of condition factors into coordinative complexes requires special methodological treatments with utilisation of special training exercises.

• MeSH
• antikoncepce metody   využití   MeSH
• cervikální hlen fyziologie   MeSH
• metody přirozeného plánování rodičovství MeSH
• plodné dny fyziologie   MeSH
• rodičovství MeSH
• určení ovulace metody   využití   MeSH
• ženy psychologie   MeSH
• změny tělesné teploty MeSH

• Konspekt
• Hygiena. Lidské zdraví
• NLK Obory
• reprodukční lékařství
• NLK Publikační typ
• studie

BACKGROUND: The objective of the study was to examine several polymorphisms in DISC1 and CTNX3 genes as possible risk factors in schizophrenia. DISC1 (disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1) has been studied extensively in relation to mental disease while CTXN3, has only recently emerged as a potential "candidate" gene in schizophrenia. CTXN3 resides in a genomic region (5q21-34) known to be associated with schizophrenia and encodes a protein cortexin 3 which is highly enriched in brain. METHODS: We used ethnically homogeneous samples of 175 male patients and 184 male control subjects. All patients were interviewed by two similarly qualified psychiatrists. Controls were interviewed by one of the authors (O.S.). Genotyping was performed, following amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using fragment analysis in a standard commercial setting (Applied Biosystems, USA). RESULTS: We have found a statistically significant association between rs6595788 polymorphism of CTXN3 gene and the risk of schizophrenia; the presence of AG genotype increased the risk 1.5-fold. Polymorphisms in DISC1 gene showed only marginally statistically significant association with schizophrenia (rs17817356) or no association whatsoever (rs821597 and rs980989) while two polymorphisms (rs9661837 and rs3737597) were found to be only slightly polymorphic in the samples. CONCLUSION: Evidence available in the literature suggests that altered expression of cortexin 3, either alone, or in parallel with changes in DISC1, could subtly perturb GABAergic neurotransmission and/or metabolism of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in developing brain, thus potentially exposing the affected individual to an increased risk of schizophrenia later in life.

• MeSH
• alely MeSH
• běloši genetika   MeSH
• DNA genetika   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• frekvence genu MeSH
• genetické asociační studie MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• membránové proteiny genetika   MeSH
• proteiny nervové tkáně genetika   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• schizofrenie etiologie   genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• Konspekt
• Biologické vědy
• NLK Obory
• biologie
• fyziologie

Purpose: Sound pressure level (SPL) and fundamental frequency (fo) are very basic and important measures in the acoustical assessment of voice quality, and their variation influences also the vocal fold vibration characteristics. Most sophisticated laryngeal videostroboscopic systems therefore also measure and display the SPL and fo values directly over the video frames by means of a rather expensive special hardware setup. An alternative simple software-based method is presented here to obtain these measures as video subtitles. Method: The software extracts acoustic data from the video recording, calculates the SPL and fo parameters, and saves their values in a separate subtitle file. To ensure the correct SPL values, the microphone signal is calibrated beforehand with a sound level meter. Results: The new approach was tested on videokymographic recordings obtained laryngoscopically. The results of SPL and fo values calculated from the videokymographic recording, subtitles creation, and their display are presented. Conclusions: This method is useful in integrating the acoustic measures with any kind of video recordings containing audio data when inbuilt hardware means are not available. However, calibration and other technical aspects related to data acquisition and synchronization described in this article should be properly taken care of during the recording.

• MeSH
• akustika řeči * MeSH
• audiovizuální záznam * MeSH
• fonace MeSH
• hlasové řasy patofyziologie   MeSH
• kalibrace MeSH
• kvalita hlasu MeSH
• laryngoskopie metody   MeSH
• larynx patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• měření tvorby řeči metody   MeSH
• software MeSH
• tlak MeSH
• vibrace MeSH
• zvuková spektrografie metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: PNPLA3 rs738409 minor allele c.444G represents a risk factor for liver steatosis and fibrosis progression also in chronic hepatitis C (HCV). We investigated its impact on the timing of liver transplantation (LT) in patients with genotype 1b HCV cirrhosis. METHODS: We genotyped and evaluated 172 LT candidates with liver cirrhosis owing to chronic HCV infection, genotype 1b. One hundred patients needed LT for chronic liver failure (CLF) and 72 for a small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the cirrhotic liver without CLF. Population controls (n = 647) were selected from the Czech cross-sectional study MONICA. RESULTS: The CLF patients were younger (53.5 ± 7.2 vs. 59.6 ± 6.6, P < 0.001) with more advanced liver disease than HCC patients (Child-Pugh's score 9.1 ± 1.8 vs. 7.1 ± 1.9, P < 0.001, MELD 14.1 ± 3.9 vs. 11.1 ± 3.7, P < 0.001). PNPLA3 G allele increased the risk of LT for CLF in both allelic and recessive models (CG + GG vs. CC: OR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.017-3.472, P = 0.045 and GG vs. CC + CG: OR, 2.94; 95% CI, 1.032-7.513, P = 0.042). Multivariate analysis identified younger age (P < 0.001) and the G allele (P < 0.05) as risk factors for CLF. The genotype frequencies between the CLF group and MONICA study significantly differed in both, allelic and recessive model (P = 0.004, OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.222-2.875; P < 0.001, OR 3.33, 95% CI 1.824-6.084, respectively). The OR values almost doubled in the recessive model compared with the allelic model suggesting the additive effect of allele G. In contrast, genotype frequencies in the HCC group were similar to the MONICA study in both models. Pretransplant viral load was significantly lower in GG than in CC + CG genotypes (median, IQR; 162,500 (61,550-319,000) IU/ml vs. 570,000 (172,000-1,595,000) IU/ml, P < 0.0009). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that PNPLA3 rs738409 G allele carriage may be associated with a faster progression of HCV cirrhosis to chronic liver failure.

• MeSH
• alely MeSH
• chronická hepatitida C genetika   virologie   MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci genetika   MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• hepatocelulární karcinom genetika   virologie   MeSH
• jaterní cirhóza genetika   virologie   MeSH
• játra virologie   MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus genetika   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipasa genetika   MeSH
• membránové proteiny genetika   MeSH
• nádory jater genetika   virologie   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• selhání jater genetika   virologie   MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• transplantace jater metody   MeSH
• virová nálož metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the role of the rs6060566 polymorphism of the reactive oxygen species modulator 1 (Romo-1) gene in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Caucasians with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Moreover, another aim was to investigate the effect of Romo-1 genotypes on Romo-1 expression in fibrovascular membranes from patients with proliferative DR. METHODS: A total of 806 subjects with T2DM were enrolled in cross-sectional case-control study: 278 patients with DR and 528 subjects without clinical signs of DR. Genetical analysis was performed in 806 subjects with T2DM. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis of 40 fibrovascular membranes of patients with proliferative DR was performed. The number of positive (labelled) cells per area - numerical areal density of the Romo-1-positive cells (the number of positive cells/mm(2) ) - was calculated. RESULTS: A significantly higher frequency of the CC genotype of the rs6060566 polymorphism of the Romo-1 gene was found in subjects with T2DM with DR compared to those without DR (odds ratio=3.3, 95% confidence interval=1.1-8.8; p = 0.024). Moreover, the Romo-1 C allele was found to effect Romo-1 expression in fibrovascular membranes of patients with proliferative DR. CONCLUSIONS: The rs6060566 polymorphism of the Romo-1 gene was found to be an independent risk factor for DR in Caucasians with T2DM. Moreover, the rs6060566 is most probably functional and its effect might be mediated through the increased expression of Romo-1 in the retina.

• MeSH
• běloši genetika   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu etnologie   genetika   MeSH
• diabetická retinopatie etnologie   genetika   MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• genotypizační techniky MeSH
• glykovaný hemoglobin metabolismus   MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus * MeSH
• kreatinin krev   MeSH
• krevní glukóza metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipidy krev   MeSH
• membránové proteiny genetika   MeSH
• mitochondriální proteiny genetika   MeSH
• oxidační stres MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• regulace genové exprese fyziologie   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The aim of the study was to identify the prevalence of HFE gene mutations in Czech patients with chronic liver diseases and the influence of the mutations on iron status. The presence of HFE gene mutations (C282Y, H63D, and S65C) analyzed by the PCR-RFLP method, presence of cirrhosis, and serum iron indices were compared among 454 patients with different chronic liver diseases (51 with chronic hepatitis B, 122 with chronic hepatitis C, 218 with alcoholic liver disease, and 63 patients with hemochromatosis). Chronic liver diseases patients other than hemochromatics did not have an increased frequency of HFE gene mutations compared to controls. Although 33.3% of patients with hepatitis B, 43% of patients with hepatitis C, and 73.2% of patients with alcoholic liver disease had elevated transferrin saturation or serum ferritin levels, the presence of HFE gene mutations was not significantly associated with iron overload in these patients. Additionally, patients with cirrhosis did not have frequencies of HFE mutations different from those without cirrhosis. This study emphasizes the importance, not only of C282Y, but also of the H63D homozygous genetic constellation in Czech hemochromatosis patients. Our findings show that increased iron indices are common in chronic liver diseases but {\it HFE} mutations do not play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C, and alcoholic liver disease.

• MeSH
• alkoholické nemoci jater genetika   MeSH
• chronická hepatitida B genetika   MeSH
• chronická hepatitida C genetika   MeSH
• chronická nemoc MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ferritiny krev   MeSH
• frekvence genu MeSH
• hemochromatóza genetika   MeSH
• homozygot MeSH
• jaterní cirhóza genetika   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• membránové proteiny genetika   MeSH
• MHC antigeny I. třídy genetika   MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• nemoci jater genetika   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• polymorfismus délky restrikčních fragmentů MeSH
• přetížení železem genetika   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• transferin metabolismus   MeSH
• železo krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

This study is concerned with parametric radiation from an arbitrary axisymmetric planar source with a special focus on low-frequency difference-frequency fields. As a model equation accounting for nonlinearity, diffraction, and dissipation, the Westervelt equation is used. The difference-frequency-field patterns are calculated in the quasi-linear approximation by the method of successive approximations. A multi-layer integral for calculation of the acoustic field is reduced to a three-dimensional one by employing an approximate analytical description of the primary field with the use of a multi-Gaussian beam expansion. This integral is subsequently reduced in the paraxial approximation to a one-dimensional form which has previously been published in literature and which represents a means for fast calculations of secondary acoustic fields. The three-dimensional integral is calculated numerically and the numerical results predict nonzero amplitude of the low-frequency field in the vicinity of the source which is an effect that cannot be correctly encompassed in the paraxial approximation.

• MeSH
• akustika přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• design vybavení MeSH
• nelineární dynamika MeSH
• numerická analýza pomocí počítače MeSH
• počítačová simulace MeSH
• pohyb těles MeSH
• teoretické modely * MeSH
• tlak MeSH
• vibrace MeSH
• zvuk * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Current literature lacks consensus on initial assessments and routine follow-up care of patients with alpha-mannosidosis (AM). A Delphi panel was conducted to generate and validate recommendations on best practices for initial assessment, routine follow-up care, and integrated care coordination of patients with AM. METHODS: A modified Delphi method involving 3 rounds of online surveys was used. An independent administrator and 2 nonvoting physician co-chairs managed survey development, anonymous data collection, and analysis. A multidisciplinary panel comprising 20 physicians from 12 countries responded to 57 open-ended questions in the first survey. Round 2 consisted of 11 ranking questions and 44 voting statements. In round 3, panelists voted to validate 60 consensus statements. The panel response rate was ≥95% in all 3 rounds. Panelists used 5-point Likert scales to indicate importance (score of ≥3) or agreement (score of ≥4). Consensus was defined a priori as ≥75% agreement with ≥75% of panelists voting. RESULTS: Consensus was reached on 60 statements, encompassing 3 key areas: initial assessments, routine follow-up care, and treatment-related follow-up. The panel agreed on the type and frequency of assessments related to genetic testing, baseline evaluations, quality of life, biochemical measures, affected body systems, treatment received, and integrated care coordination in patients with AM. Forty-nine statements reached 90% to 100% consensus, 8 statements reached 80% to 85% consensus, and 1 statement reached 75% consensus. Two statements each reached consensus on 15 baseline assessments to be conducted at the initial follow-up visit after diagnosis in pediatric and adult patients. CONCLUSION: This is the first Delphi study providing internationally applicable, best-practice recommendations for monitoring patients with AM that may improve their care and well-being.

• MeSH
• alfa-mannosidóza * terapie   diagnóza   MeSH
• delfská metoda * MeSH
• integrované poskytování zdravotní péče normy   MeSH
• konsensus * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH