• MeSH
• lékařství MeSH
• zeměpis MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kongresy MeSH

• MeSH
• zeměpis MeSH

• Konspekt
• Rekreace. Volný čas. Zábava. Hry. Sport
• NLK Obory
• zájmy a záliby

• MeSH
• automatizované zpracování dat MeSH
• počítače využití   MeSH
• vojenské lékařství MeSH
• zeměpis MeSH

• MeSH
• epidemiologie MeSH
• poskytování zdravotní péče MeSH
• životní prostředí MeSH
• Publikační typ
• periodika MeSH

• Konspekt
• Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
• NLK Obory
• sociologie
• epidemiologie

• MeSH
• zeměpis MeSH

• Konspekt
• Přírodní vědy. Matematické vědy
• NLK Obory
• přírodní vědy

Many university-taught courses moved to online form since the outbreak of the global pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Distance learning has become broadly used as a result of the widely applied lockdowns, however, many students lack personal contact in the learning process. A classical web-based distance learning does not provide means for natural interpersonal interaction. The technology of immersive virtual reality (iVR) may mitigate this problem. Current research has been aimed mainly at specific instances of collaborative immersive virtual environment (CIVE) applications for learning. The fields utilizing iVR for knowledge construction and skills training with the use of spatial visualizations show promising results. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of collaborative and individual use of iVR for learning geography, specifically training in hypsography. Furthermore, the study's goals were to determine whether collaborative learning would be more effective and to investigate the key elements in which collaborative and individual learning were expected to differ-motivation and use of cognitive resources. The CIVE application developed at Masaryk University was utilized to train 80 participants in inferring conclusions from cartographic visualizations. The collaborative and individual experimental group underwent a research procedure consisting of a pretest, training in iVR, posttest, and questionnaires. A statistical comparison between the geography pretest and posttest for the individual learning showed a significant increase in the score (p = 0.024, ES = 0.128) and speed (p = 0.027, ES = 0.123), while for the collaborative learning, there was a significant increase in the score (p<0.001, ES = 0.333) but not in speed (p = 1.000, ES = 0.000). Thus, iVR as a medium proved to be an effective tool for learning geography. However, comparing the collaborative and individual learning showed no significant difference in the learning gain (p = 0.303, ES = 0.115), speed gain (p = 0.098, ES = 0.185), or performance motivation (p = 0.368, ES = 0.101). Nevertheless, the collaborative learning group had significantly higher use of cognitive resources (p = 0.046, ES = 0.223) than the individual learning group. The results were discussed in relation to the cognitive load theories, and future research directions for iVR learning were proposed.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• kontrola infekčních nemocí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• učení MeSH
• virtuální realita * MeSH
• zeměpis MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• frekvence genu MeSH
• Publikační typ
• periodika MeSH

• Konspekt
• Obecná genetika. Obecná cytogenetika. Evoluce
• NLK Obory
• genetika, lékařská genetika

• Klíčová slova
• internetové mapy,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• internet MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mapy jako téma MeSH
• osoby s mentálním postižením MeSH
• výchova mentálně retardovaných * metody   MeSH
• zeměpis výchova   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH

Despite the crucial importance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for numerous processes within terrestrial ecosystems, knowledge of the determinants of AMF community structure still is limited, mainly because of the limited scope of the available individual case studies which often only include a few environmental variables. Here, we describe the AMF diversity of mid-European meadows (mown or regularly cut grasslands, or recently abandoned lands where grasslands established spontaneously) within a considerably heterogeneous landscape over a scale of several hundred kilometers with regard to macroclimatic, microclimatic, and soil parameters. We include data describing the habitat (including vegetation type), geography, and climate, and test their contribution to the structure of the AMF communities at a regional scale. We amplified and sequenced the ITS 2 region of the ribosomal DNA operon of the AMF from soil samples using nested PCR and Illumina pair-end amplicon sequencing. Habitat (especially soil pH) and geographical parameters (spatial distance, altitude, and longitude) were the main determinants of the structure of the AMF communities in the meadows at a regional scale, with the abundance of genera Septoglomus, Paraglomus, Archaeospora, Funneliformis, and Dominikia driving the main response. The effects of climate and vegetation type were not significant and were mainly encompassed within the geography and/or soil pH effects. This study illustrates how important it is to have a large set of environmental metadata to compare the importance of different factors influencing the AMF community structure at large spatial scales.

• MeSH
• DNA fungální MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• mykobiom * MeSH
• mykorhiza * MeSH
• pastviny MeSH
• půda MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
• zeměpis MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH