Cíl: Prezentace prvních zkušeností s jednostranně orientovaným ostnatým stehem V-Loc při šití veziko-uretrální anastomózy během laparoskopické radikální prostatektomie. Metoda: Hodnotili jsou soubor 50 pacientů, u kterých byla veziko-uretrální anastomóza vytvořena pomocí V-Loc stehu. Výsledky: Medián doby sledování byl 4 měsíce. Průměrný operační čas anastomózy byl 14 minut. U jednoho pacienta byla zaznamená přechodná zvýšená urinózní sekrece do drénu. Nezaznamenali jsme žádnou strikturu močové trubice v místě anastomózy. Závěr: Veziko-uretrální anastomóza u laparoskopické radikální prostatektomie s využitím V-Loc stehu je rychlá, efektivní a bezpečná.
Aim: We present our initial experience with a novel self-cinching unidirectional barbed suture V Loc, for vesico-urethral anastomosis during laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Methods: We evaluated a cohort of 50 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy with V-Loc tailored vesico-urethral anastomosis. Results: Median follow-up was 4 months. The mean time of anastomosis was 14 minutes. We recorded one case of temporary urine secretion into the drain and no anastomotic stricture. Conclusion: Vesico-urethral anastomosis with V-Loc suture during a laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is fast, effective and safe.
- Klíčová slova
- veziko-uretrální anastomóza,
- MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- laparoskopie * metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- močový měchýř * chirurgie MeSH
- pooperační komplikace epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- pooperační péče metody MeSH
- prostatektomie * metody MeSH
- šicí techniky * přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- uretra * chirurgie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Loss of consciousness (LOC) is used as a diagnostic feature of mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). However, only 10% of concussions result in LOC. There are only a limited number of in-vivo studies dealing with unconsciousness and structural and functional integrity of the brainstem in patients with MTBI. The aim of our pilot study was to assess the sensitivity of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to detect metabolic changes in the brainstem in patients after MTBI with unconscioussness. METHODS: Twenty-four patients (12 with LOC, and 12 without LOC) within 3 days of MTBI and 19 healthy controls were examined. All subjects underwent single-voxel 1H-MRS examination of the upper brainstem. Spectra were evaluated using LCModel software. Ratios of total N-acetylaspartate (tNAA), total choline-containing compounds (tCho) and glutamate plus glutamine (Glx) to total creatine (tCre) were used for calculations. RESULTS: We found a significant decrease in tNAA/tCre and tCho/tCre ratios in the patient group with LOC when compared with the control group of healthy volunteers (P=0.002 and P=0.041, respectively), and a significant decrease in the tNAA/tCre ratio in the LOC group when compared with patients without LOC (P=0.04). Other metabolite ratios in the brainstem did not show any significant group differences. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that decrease of tNAA/tCre ratio in the upper brainstem using single-voxel 1H-MRS may provide a potential biomarker for MTBI associated with LOC.
IMPORTANCE: Lip, oral, and pharyngeal cancers are important contributors to cancer burden worldwide, and a comprehensive evaluation of their burden globally, regionally, and nationally is crucial for effective policy planning. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the total and risk-attributable burden of lip and oral cavity cancer (LOC) and other pharyngeal cancer (OPC) for 204 countries and territories and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) using 2019 Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study estimates. EVIDENCE REVIEW: The incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to LOC and OPC from 1990 to 2019 were estimated using GBD 2019 methods. The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate the proportion of deaths and DALYs for LOC and OPC attributable to smoking, tobacco, and alcohol consumption in 2019. FINDINGS: In 2019, 370 000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 338 000-401 000) cases and 199 000 (95% UI, 181 000-217 000) deaths for LOC and 167 000 (95% UI, 153 000-180 000) cases and 114 000 (95% UI, 103 000-126 000) deaths for OPC were estimated to occur globally, contributing 5.5 million (95% UI, 5.0-6.0 million) and 3.2 million (95% UI, 2.9-3.6 million) DALYs, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, low-middle and low SDI regions consistently showed the highest age-standardized mortality rates due to LOC and OPC, while the high SDI strata exhibited age-standardized incidence rates decreasing for LOC and increasing for OPC. Globally in 2019, smoking had the greatest contribution to risk-attributable OPC deaths for both sexes (55.8% [95% UI, 49.2%-62.0%] of all OPC deaths in male individuals and 17.4% [95% UI, 13.8%-21.2%] of all OPC deaths in female individuals). Smoking and alcohol both contributed to substantial LOC deaths globally among male individuals (42.3% [95% UI, 35.2%-48.6%] and 40.2% [95% UI, 33.3%-46.8%] of all risk-attributable cancer deaths, respectively), while chewing tobacco contributed to the greatest attributable LOC deaths among female individuals (27.6% [95% UI, 21.5%-33.8%]), driven by high risk-attributable burden in South and Southeast Asia. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this systematic analysis, disparities in LOC and OPC burden existed across the SDI spectrum, and a considerable percentage of burden was attributable to tobacco and alcohol use. These estimates can contribute to an understanding of the distribution and disparities in LOC and OPC burden globally and support cancer control planning efforts.
- MeSH
- celosvětové zdraví MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- globální zátěž nemocemi * MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- kvalitativně upravené roky života MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory hltanu * epidemiologie MeSH
- ret MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- užívání tabáku epidemiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
BACKGROUND: Due to high prevalence and serious impacts, childhood caries represents a public health issue. Behavioural risk factors such as locus of health control have been implicated in the development of the disease; however their association with childhood caries has not been thoroughly studied. The aim of this cross-sectional survey was to assess the relationship between parental locus of health control and caries experience and untreated caries of their preschool children in a representative sample in Czech Republic, adjusting for relevant sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS: A representative sample of 285 preschool children and their parents was recruited. Study data included children's dental status recorded in nurseries and parental questionnaires with 13 attitudinal items regarding locus of control (LoC) in caries prevention. The association between parental locus of control and children's caries experience and level of untreated caries was analysed using logistic regression, adjusting for the effect of key sociodemographic variables. RESULTS: There was a statistically highly significant linear trend between increased parental LoC and higher probability of the children to be free from untreated caries, independent from the effect of sociodemographic variables of children and parents. A similar highly statistically significant trend, although not entirely linear, and independent from sociodemographic variables was observed with respect to the chance of the children to be free from caries experience with increasing strength of parental LoC. After full adjustment, children in the strongest parental LoC quintile were 2.81 (1.23-6.42, p< 0.05) times more likely to be free from untreated caries in comparison to the weakest parental LoC quintile and 2.32 (1.02-5.25, p< 0.05) times more likely to be free from caries experience in comparison to the weakest parental LoC quintile. CONCLUSION: The findings support the hypothesis that higher internal parental LoC is associated with better control of both untreated caries and caries experience in their preschool children and highlight that a more internal LoC within the family is advantageous in the prevention of dental caries.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- interní-externí kontrola MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- postoj ke zdraví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- rodiče psychologie MeSH
- školky MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory MeSH
- vztahy mezi rodiči a dětmi MeSH
- zubní kaz epidemiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The global risk of viral disease outbreaks emphasizes the need for rapid, accurate, and sensitive detection techniques to speed up diagnostics allowing early intervention. An emerging field of microfluidics also known as the lab-on-a-chip (LOC) or micro total analysis system includes a wide range of diagnostic devices. This review briefly covers both conventional and microfluidics-based techniques for rapid viral detection. We first describe conventional detection methods such as cell culturing, immunofluorescence or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). These methods often have limited speed, sensitivity, or specificity and are performed with typically bulky equipment. Here, we discuss some of the LOC technologies that can overcome these demerits, highlighting the latest advances in LOC devices for viral disease diagnosis. We also discuss the fabrication of LOC systems to produce devices for performing either individual steps or virus detection in samples with the sample to answer method. The complete system consists of sample preparation, and ELISA and RT-PCR for viral-antibody and nucleic acid detection, respectively. Finally, we formulate our opinions on these areas for the future development of LOC systems for viral diagnostics.
- MeSH
- biosenzitivní techniky MeSH
- design vybavení MeSH
- DNA virů analýza MeSH
- ELISA MeSH
- kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- laboratoř na čipu * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrofluidní analytické techniky přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- nukleové kyseliny analýza MeSH
- virové nemoci diagnóza MeSH
- vyšetření u lůžka MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Zrakový systém je funkčně specializovaný a zpracovává informace hierarchicky ve dvou hlavních proudech označovaných jako systém Kde? a systém Co?. Zrakové korové mapy umístěné na zadních a vnitřních plochách hemisfér se označují VI, V2 a V3. Ventrální, neboli „přední" zrakové korové mapy jsou hV4 a VO-1. Dorzální, neboli „zadní" zrakové korové mapy V3A, V3B a V7 se rozkládají od zadní části sulcus intra-parietalis dopředu. Laterální, neboli zevní zrakové korové mapy hMT+ a LOC (MT od midtemporal, LOC je laterální okcipitální komplex) se rozkládají od týlního pólu až k sulcus temporalis superior. Mozkový systém poznávání barev začíná u S, M a L čípků sítnice, jeho hierarchicky nejvyšší místo se označuje V4. Důsledkem poškození systému je cerebrální achromatopsie. Hierarchicky nejvyšší oblastí systémů pozná¬vajícího pohyb je oblasti hMT/V5+. Důsledkem poškození je akinetopsie. Existují tři korové oblasti, které se aktivují při poznávání předmětů. Důsledkem jejich poškození je zraková agnosie objektů. Poznávání tváří je pro lidi a další primáty sociálně fundamentální. Těžištěm systému je oblast označovaná tvářová oblast gyrus fusiformis, FFA. Důsledkem poškození je prosopagnosie. Čtyři druhy topografické dezorientace jsou podmíněny poškozením systému ego - nebo exocentrické reprezentace.
The visual systém of the brain is functionally specialized. The visual information is processed through two main streams, dorsal and ventral, called the WHERE systém and the WHAT systém. VI, V2 and V3 are visual cortical maps at the posterior and medial hemispheral surface. Human V4 (hV4) and VO1 (ventral occi-pital 1) are visual cortical maps at the ventral surface of the occipital lobe. Dorsal visual cortical maps V3A, V3B and V7 are situated forwardly from the posterior part of intraparietal sulcus. Lateral visual cortical maps hMTl and LOC (lateral occipital complex) are situated from the occipital pole to the superior temporal sulcus. The brain systém of colour cognition starts with S, M and L retinal cones. Its hierarchical focal point is called V4. Cerebral achromatopsia is a result of damage to V4. Neurons of the hMT V5 visual cortical area are tuned to motion recognition. Akinetopsia results from damage to this cortical area. There are three cortical areas activated in visual object cognition. Their damage results in visual object agnosia. Face cognition is socially fundamental in humans and other sociál primates. Its hierarchical focal point is the fusiform face area, FFA. Damage here results in prosopagnosia. Four types of topographical disorientation are due to damage of ego- and/or exocentric representational systems.
