Soil from Trhové Dušníky (Příbram, Czech Republic) is characterized by its high polymetallic accumulations in Pb-Ag-Zn due to mining and smelting activities. In previous studies performed in our research group, we have evaluated the potential use of amendments that would reduce the mobility and availability of metals such as Hg. We have observed that the application of digestate and fly ash in metal-polluted soil has an impact in immobilizing these metals. However, until now we have lacked information about the effect of these amendments on soil microbial functionality and communities. The multi-contaminated soil was used to grow wheat in a pot experiment to evaluate the impact of digestate and fly ash application in soil microbial communities. Soil samples were collected after 30 and 60 days of treatment. The digestate application improved chemical attributes such as the content in total organic carbon (TOC), water soluble carbon (WSOC), total soluble carbon (C), total soluble nitrogen (N), and inorganic N forms (NO3(-)) as consequence of high content in C and N which is contained in digestate. Likewise, microbial activity was greatly enhanced by digestate application, as was physiological diversity. Bacterial and fungal communities were increased, and the microbial biomass was highly enhanced. These effects were evident after 30 and 60 days of treatment. In contrast, fly ash did not have a remarkable effect when compared to digestate, but soil microbial biomass was positively affected as a consequence of macro- and micro-nutrient sources applied by the addition of fly ash. This study indicates that digestate can be used successfully in the remediation of metal-contaminated soil.
- MeSH
- Biomass MeSH
- Nitrogen analysis MeSH
- Mining MeSH
- Fungi physiology MeSH
- Metals analysis metabolism MeSH
- Soil Pollutants analysis metabolism MeSH
- Microbial Consortia MeSH
- Coal Ash * MeSH
- Triticum growth & development MeSH
- Soil chemistry MeSH
- Soil Microbiology * MeSH
- Mercury analysis metabolism MeSH
- Carbon analysis chemistry MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
Metal-polluted soils represent hostile environments affecting the composition and functions of soil microbial communities. This study evaluated the implication of combining the mycoremediated dry olive residue (MDOR) amendment application with the inoculation of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Funneliformis mosseae in restoring the quality, composition, and functionality of soil microbial communities. To achieve this aim, a mesocosms experiment was set up that included three variations: i) with and without application of Penicillium chrysogenum-10-transformed MDOR (MDOR_Pc), and Chondrosterum purpureum-transformed MDOR (MDOR_Cp) amendments; ii) with and without F. mosseae inoculation; and iii) 30-day and 60-day soil treatment time. As a result of this combined treatment, changes in the soil labile organic C and N fractions were observed throughout the experiment. Increases in the abundance of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) for bacteria, actinobacteria, and Gram- and Gram+ bacteria were also recorded at the end of the experiment. The addition of MDOR amendments boosted fungal and AM fungi communities. AM fungi root and soil colonization was also enhanced as the result of improvement nutrient turnover and spatial conditions caused by adding MDOR in combination with an inoculation of F. mosseae. The composition and functionality of microbial communities seemed to be an important ecological attribute indicating an apparently fully functional restoration of this metal-polluted soil and therefore suggesting the suitability of the combined MDOR and AM fungus treatment as a reclamation practice.
- MeSH
- Fungi MeSH
- Metals MeSH
- Soil Pollutants * MeSH
- Microbiota * MeSH
- Mycorrhizae * MeSH
- Olea * MeSH
- Soil MeSH
- Soil Microbiology MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
1 online zdroj
- MeSH
- Genome, Microbial MeSH
- Genomics * MeSH
- Publication type
- Periodical MeSH
- Conspectus
- Mikrobiologie
- NML Fields
- genetika, lékařská genetika
- mikrobiologie, lékařská mikrobiologie
Úvod: Základem terapie obličejových rozštěpů je chirurgická rekonstrukce měkkých a tvrdých tkání střední obličejové etáže a funkční rehabilitace pacienta. Na chirurgický léčebný protokol navazuje ortodontická, foniatrická, logopedická a stomatologická terapie, pacient je pravidelně vyšetřován na otorinolaryngologii a na jiných odděleních podle aktuální potřeby. Po operaci rozštěpu horního rtu a uzávěru patra v prvním roce věku pacienta rozštěpová štěrbina v místě vestibula a alveolárního výběžku perzistuje ve formě oronazální komunikace. Rekonstrukce rozštěpu alveolárního výběžku je indikována až kolem devátého roku života pacienta, její načasování určuje ortodontista podle stadia vývoje kořene stálého špičáku v místě rozštěpové štěrbiny. Členitý povrch slizničních záhybů v místě perzistujícího rozštěpového defektu je však optimálním prostředím pro množení bakterií. Přesto údaje o mikrobiálním osídlení rozštěpové štěrbiny a jeho dopad na pooperační hojení v literatuře chybí. Cíl práce: Cílem výzkumu je zjištění mikrobiálního osídlení perzistující rozštěpové štěrbiny před chirurgickou rekonstrukcí alveolárního výběžku. Materiál a metodika: Dvaceti pacientům, u kterých byla indikována chirurgická rekonstrukce alveolárního výběžku, byl před operací proveden výtěr z rozštěpové štěrbiny, nosu a krku. Výsledky: U dvanácti pacientů ze souboru byla alespoň v jednom z výtěrů nalezena patogenní mikroflóra. Šest vyšetřovaných jedinců mělo pozitivní stěr pouze z rozštěpové štěrbiny. Mezi nalezené bakterie v rozštěpové dehiscenci patřily Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Proteus mirabilis a Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Závěr: Je nezbytné zvážit klinický dopad latentní infekce a výskytu potenciálních patogenů v rozštěpové štěrbině na pooperační stav a na výskyt pooperačních komplikací. Prospektivní studie zahrnující výtěry z rozštěpové štěrbiny a detailní monitorování pooperačního stavu spolu se sledováním kvantity hojící se doplněné kostní tkáně je nutná.
Introduction: Surgical reconstruction of soft and hard tissues of the middle face and functional rehabilitation are keystones of the treatment of facial clefts. The surgical treatment is followed by orthodontic, phoniatric and dental treatment, also speech therapy is indicated. The patient is further regularly treated at otorhinolaryngology and at the other departments as needed. After primary surgery of the clefted upper lip and palate closure during the first year of the patient‘s live the cleft defect of the vestibule and alveolar process persists as oronasal fistula. The reconstruction of clefted alveolar ridge is indicated around ninth year of life, orthodontist determines the timing according to the developmental stage of the permanent canine on the cleft side. The rugged surface of the mucosal folds inside the cleft defect creates the optimal environment for bacterial growth. Nevertheless, data on microbial colonization of the persistent cleft gap and its impact on postoperative wound healing in the literature are lacking. Aim: The aim of this research is to determine microbial colonization of the persistent cleft gap before surgical reconstruction of the alveolar process. Material and Methods: In twenty patients who were scheduled for surgical reconstruction of the clefted alveolar ridge, the swabs from the cleft gap, nose and throat were taken before surgery was performed. Results: In twelve patients from the tested group in at least one of the swabs pathogenic microorganisms were found. Six examined patients had positive result only from the cleft fissure. Among the bacteria found in the cleft dehiscence were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusion: It is necessary to consider the clinical impact of latent infection and the occurrence of potential pathogens in the oronasal fisstulae on the healing and on the incidence of postoperative complications. Prospective study including swabs from cleft defect and detailed postoperative monitoring along with control of the quantity of supplemented healing bone is needed.
- Keywords
- rozštěpová štěrbina, oronazální komunikace, mikrobiální osídlení,
- MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Moraxella catarrhalis isolation & purification MeSH
- Nose microbiology MeSH
- Oral Fistula microbiology MeSH
- Preoperative Care * MeSH
- Proteus mirabilis isolation & purification MeSH
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolation & purification MeSH
- Cleft Palate * surgery microbiology MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus isolation & purification MeSH
- Oral Surgical Procedures MeSH
- Streptococcus pyogenes isolation & purification MeSH
- Case-Control Studies MeSH
- Mouth microbiology MeSH
- Plastic Surgery Procedures MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
[1st ed.] xiv, 563 s. : il
Nitrogen leaching owing to elevated acid deposition remains the main ecosystem threat worldwide. We aimed to contribute to the understanding of the highly variable nitrate losses observed in Europe after acid deposition retreat. Our study proceeded in adjacent beech and spruce forests undergoing acidification recovery and differing in nitrate leaching. We reconstructed soil microbial functional characteristics connected with nitrogen and carbon cycling based on community composition. Our results showed that in the more acidic spruce soil with high carbon content, where Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria were abundant (Proteo:Acido = 1.3), the potential for nitrate reduction and loss via denitrification was high (denitrification: dissimilative nitrogen reduction to ammonium (DNRA) = 3). In the less acidic beech stand with low carbon content, but high nitrogen availability, Proteobacteria were more abundant (Proteo:Acido = 1.6). Proportionally less nitrate could be denitrified there (denitrification:DNRA = 1), possibly increasing its availability. Among 10 potential keystone species, microbes capable of DNRA were identified in the beech soil while instead denitrifiers dominated in the spruce soil. In spite of the former acid deposition impact, distinct microbial functional guilds developed under different vegetational dominance, resulting in different N immobilization potentials, possibly influencing the ecosystem's nitrogen retention ability.
- MeSH
- Bacteria classification metabolism MeSH
- Fagus growth & development MeSH
- Denitrification * MeSH
- Nitrates analysis MeSH
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration MeSH
- Microbiota * MeSH
- Soil chemistry MeSH
- Soil Microbiology * MeSH
- Picea growth & development MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Europe MeSH
It is not well understood how the ecological status and microbial community composition of spruce swamp forests (SSF) relate to those found in bogs and fens. To clarify this, we investigated biogeochemical parameters and microbial community composition in a bog, a fen and two SSF using high throughput barcoded sequencing of the small ribosomal subunit (SSU) variable region V4. The results demonstrated that the microbial community of SSF is positioned between those of bogs and fens, and this was confirmed by in silico predicted metabolic potentials. This corresponds well with the position of SSF on the trophic gradient and reflects distinct responses of microbial communities to environmental variables. Species richness and microbial diversity increased significantly from bog to fen, with SSF in between, reflecting the variation in pH, nutrient availability and peat decomposability. The archaeal community, dominated by hydrogenotrophic methanogens, was more similar in SSF and the bog compared with the fen. The composition of the bacterial community of SSF was intermediate between those of bog and fen. However, the production of CO2 (an indicator of peat decomposability) did not differ between SSF and bog, suggesting the limiting effect of low pH and poor litter quality on the functioning of the bacterial community in SSF. These results help to clarify the transitional position of SSF between bogs and fens and showed the strong effect of environmental conditions on microbial community composition and functioning.
- MeSH
- Bacteria classification genetics metabolism MeSH
- Biodiversity MeSH
- Euryarchaeota classification genetics metabolism MeSH
- Forests * MeSH
- Methane biosynthesis MeSH
- Microbial Consortia * MeSH
- Wetlands * MeSH
- Carbon Dioxide metabolism MeSH
- Computer Simulation MeSH
- Soil MeSH
- Soil Microbiology * MeSH
- Picea MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Soil microorganisms are diverse, although they share functions during the decomposition of organic matter. Thus, preferences for soil conditions and litter quality were explored to understand their niche partitioning. A 1-year-long litterbag transplant experiment evaluated how soil physicochemical traits of contrasting sites combined with chemically distinct litters of sedge (S), milkvetch (M) from a grassland, and beech (B) from forest site decomposition. Litter was assessed by mass loss; C, N, and P contents; and low-molecular-weight compounds. Decomposition was described by the succession of fungi, Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Firmicutes; bacterial diversity; and extracellular enzyme activities. The M litter decomposed faster at the nutrient-poor forest site, where the extracellular enzymes were more active, but microbial decomposers were not more abundant. Actinobacteria abundance was affected by site, while Firmicutes and fungi by litter type and Alphaproteobacteria by both factors. Actinobacteria were characterized as late-stage substrate generalists, while fungi were recognized as substrate specialists and site generalists, particularly in the grassland. Overall, soil conditions determined the decomposition rates in the grassland and forest, but successional patterns of the main decomposers (fungi and Actinobacteria) were determined by litter type. These results suggest that shifts in vegetation mostly affect microbial decomposer community composition.IMPORTANCE Anthropogenic disturbance may cause shifts in vegetation and alter the litter input. We studied the decomposition of different litter types under soil conditions of a nutrient-rich grassland and nutrient-poor forest to identify factors responsible for changes in the community structure and succession of microbial decomposers. This will help to predict the consequences of induced changes on the abundance and activity of microbial decomposers and recognize if the decomposition process and resulting quality and quantity of soil organic matter will be affected at various sites.
- MeSH
- Bacteria classification metabolism MeSH
- Biodiversity MeSH
- Ecosystem MeSH
- Fungi classification metabolism MeSH
- Forests MeSH
- Microbiota * MeSH
- Grassland MeSH
- Soil chemistry MeSH
- Soil Microbiology * MeSH
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Understanding the ecology of coniferous forests is very important because these environments represent globally largest carbon sinks. Metatranscriptomics, microbial community and enzyme analyses were combined to describe the detailed role of microbial taxa in the functioning of the Picea abies-dominated coniferous forest soil in two contrasting seasons. These seasons were the summer, representing the peak of plant photosynthetic activity, and late winter, after an extended period with no photosynthate input. The results show that microbial communities were characterized by a high activity of fungi especially in litter where their contribution to microbial transcription was over 50%. Differences in abundance between summer and winter were recorded for 26-33% of bacterial genera and < 15% of fungal genera, but the transcript profiles of fungi, archaea and most bacterial phyla were significantly different among seasons. Further, the seasonal differences were larger in soil than in litter. Most importantly, fungal contribution to total microbial transcription in soil decreased from 33% in summer to 16% in winter. In particular, the activity of the abundant ectomycorrhizal fungi was reduced in winter, which indicates that plant photosynthetic production was likely one of the major drivers of changes in the functioning of microbial communities in this coniferous forest.
- MeSH
- Archaea classification genetics MeSH
- Bacteria classification genetics MeSH
- Pinaceae microbiology MeSH
- Ecosystem MeSH
- Photosynthesis MeSH
- Transcription, Genetic genetics MeSH
- Fungi classification genetics MeSH
- Forests MeSH
- RNA, Messenger biosynthesis genetics MeSH
- Microbiota genetics MeSH
- Mycorrhizae MeSH
- Soil MeSH
- Soil Microbiology * MeSH
- Seasons MeSH
- Gene Expression Profiling MeSH
- Trees microbiology MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Contamination by chloroethenes has a severe negative effect on both the environment and human health. This has prompted intensive remediation activity in recent years, along with research into the efficacy of natural microbial communities for degrading toxic chloroethenes into less harmful compounds. Microbial degradation of chloroethenes can take place either through anaerobic organohalide respiration, where chloroethenes serve as electron acceptors; anaerobic and aerobic metabolic degradation, where chloroethenes are used as electron donors; or anaerobic and aerobic co-metabolic degradation, with chloroethene degradation occurring as a by-product during microbial metabolism of other growth substrates, without energy or carbon benefit. Recent research has focused on optimising these natural processes to serve as effective bioremediation technologies, with particular emphasis on (a) the diversity and role of bacterial groups involved in dechlorination microbial processes, and (b) detection of bacterial enzymes and genes connected with dehalogenation activity. In this review, we summarise the different mechanisms of chloroethene bacterial degradation suitable for bioremediation and provide a list of dechlorinating bacteria. We also provide an up-to-date summary of primers available for detecting functional genes in anaerobic and aerobic bacteria degrading chloroethenes metabolically or co-metabolically.
