In this study, nanoparticle-incorporated nanofiber-covered yarns were prepared using a custom-made needle-free electrospinning system. The ultimate goal of this work was to prepare functional nanofibrous surfaces with antibacterial properties and realize high-speed production. As antibacterial agents, we used various amounts of copper oxide (CuO) and vanadium (V) oxide (V2O5) nanoparticles (NPs). Three yarn preparation speeds (100 m/min, 150 m/min, and 200 m/min) were used for the nanofiber-covered yarn. The results indicate a relationship between the yarn speed, quantity of NPs, and antibacterial efficiency of the material. We found a higher yarn speed to be associated with a lower reduction in bacteria. NP-loaded nanofiber yarns were proven to have excellent antibacterial properties against Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli). CuO exhibited a greater inhibition and bactericidal effect against E. coli than V2O5. In brief, the studied samples are good candidates for use in antibacterial textile surface applications, such as wastewater filtration. As greater attention is being drawn to this field, this work provides new insights regarding the antibacterial textile surfaces of nanofiber-covered yarns.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky chemie MeSH
- měď chemie MeSH
- nanovlákna chemie MeSH
- polyvinyly chemie MeSH
- vanad chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Continuous paravertebral block (PVB) has been successfully used for postoperative analgesia in children. However, data regarding the efficacy of a single injection technique for major renal surgery are still lacking. METHODS: Following the ethics committee approval and parent informed consent, 24 children (median 10.3 months; range: 2.9-26.8) undergoing major renal surgery were included in a prospective observational pilot study. Following a standardized general anesthetic the patients were administered a single injection low thoracic PVB (loss-of-resistance technique; 0.5 ml.kg(-1) of levobupivacaine 2.5 mg.ml(-1) with epinephrine 5 mug.ml(-1)) at the end of surgery. Postoperative pain was assessed by Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) score at predetermined time points and in case of apparent patients' discomfort during the first 12 postoperative hours. The duration of postoperative analgesia was defined as the interval between PVB and the first supplemental administration of a rescue opioid analgesic. The incidence of complications and postoperative vomiting (POV) was also recorded. RESULTS: A successful PVB was achieved in 23/24 patients (95.8%). The median duration of the block was 600 min (range: 180-720 min) with 10 children not requiring any supplemental analgesia during the 12-h observation period. Vascular puncture was observed in 2/24 children (8.3%) and POV occurred in 4/24 children (16.7%). All complications were considered minor and did not influence recovery. CONCLUSIONS: Single injection PVB provided clinically relevant postoperative analgesia in children undergoing major renal surgery.
- MeSH
- adrenalin aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- agonisté adrenergních receptorů aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- anestetika lokální aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- bupivakain MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- hrudní obratle inervace MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- ledviny chirurgie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- měření bolesti metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- nervová blokáda metody škodlivé účinky MeSH
- opioidní analgetika aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- pooperační bolest farmakoterapie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- spinální injekce MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
Úvod a ciele: Nádory testis (NT) sa liečia podla histologického nálezu v odstránenom testis a podla rozsahu ochorenia, tj. podľa klinického štádia. V pokročilých štádiách je však bez ohľadu na histologický typ nádoru indikovaná primárna chemoterapia (CHT). Súčasné zobrazovacie metody (USG, CT) a laboratórne testy (nádo¬ rové markery AFP a hCG) poskytujú dostatočný dôkaz o prítomnosti germinatívneho NT. Pri život ohrozujúcich brušných a/alebo pľúcnych akútnych príznakoch podmienených metastázami, keď je diagnóza NT jasná, možno začať liečbu bez primárnej orchiektómie (OE). Cieľom práce je zhodnotiť výhody neo-adjuvantnej CHT s tzv. odloženou OE v liečbe NT v pokročilom štádiu. Materiál a metody: V priebehu 12 rokov autori liečili 40 pacientov neo-adjuvantnou chemoterapiou bez primárnej OE. Jedenásť pacientov bolo v štádiu II.C, traja v štádiu II.B, dvaja v štádiu III. Ďalších 24 pacientov malo metastázy v pľúcach (štádium IV), z toho 15 aj v retroperitoneu a 6 v mediastíne. Pacienti sa liečili kombinovanou CHT obsahujúcou cisplatinu. Po jej ukončení sa urobila tzv. odložená OE samostatne alebo spolu s chirurgickým odstránením reziduálnych metastáz retroperitoneálnou lymfadenektómiou (RPLA) a následnou pľúcnou metastazektómiou. Výsledky: Kompletné vymiznutie metastáz po CHT samotnej (PVB alebo BEP schéma) sa zistilo u 13 pacientov (32,5 %). RPLA sa urobila u 27 pacientov, z toho u troch aj pľúcna metastazektómia. Pri RPLA sa vitálny reziduálny nádor našiel u dvoch pacientov (7,4 %). Pri pľúcnej metastazektómii sa vitálny nádor nenašiel. Pri odloženej OE sa vitálny nádor zistil u 5 pacientov (12,5 %). Celkove prežíva 29 (72,5 %) pacientov v priemere 55,2 mesiacov od začiatku liečby. Závery: Benefit včasnej liečby NT v pokročilom štádiu pomocou CHT prevyšuje výhody presnej histologickej klasifikácie primárneho nádoru. Ďalšou výhodou je možnosť chirurgickej liečby reziduálnych metastáz spolu s tzv. odloženou OE v ten istý deň, pri jednej anestézii. OE po CHT je nutná pre možnosť perzistencie primárneho mahgneho nádoru v testis.
Objective: The therapeutic procedures in the management of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are determined by histological findings in the removed testis and by the extent of the disease at the time of diagnosis. However, all advanced TGCT could be treated by primary chemotherapy (CHT) regardless of histological findings. The current imaging techniques (ultrasonography of the testis, abdominal and thoracic CT examination) and laboratory tests (determination of serum tumor markers AFP and hCG) provide sufficient evidence for the presence of TGCT. In cases of acute abdominal and/or pulmonary symptoms because of life-threatening distant metastases, when the diagnosis of advanced TGCT is evident, it is possible to start the treatment without primary orchiectomy (OE). The aim of this study was to evaluate the advantages of neo-adjuvant CHT with delayed OE in the management of advanced TGCT. Material and methods: During last 12 years a total of 40 patients with advanced TGCT were treated by neo-adjuvant cisplatin-based combination CHT without previous OE. Eleven patients had bulky mass in the retroperitoneum (Stage IIC), three patients had enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes (Stage IIB), two patients had enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes (Stage III). Another 24 patients had pulmonary metastases (Stage IV), 15 of them had also bulky mass in the retroperitoneum and 6 of them in the mediastinum. Following the completion of CHT, OE was performed alone or simultaneously with retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) and subsequent lung metastasectomy in cases with persistent residual mass. Results: Complete disappearance of metastases was observed in 13 (32.5%) patients following PVB or BEP CHT alone. The residual mass in the retroperitoneum was removed surgically in 27 patients. In three of them residual tumorous mass was removed also from the lungs without finding of viable tumor. Viable malignant tumor in the removed retroperitoneal tissue was identified in two patients (7.4%). Residual viable malignant tumor in the testis was found in 5 patients (12.5%). Overall survival was 29/40 patients - 72.5% (by mean of 55.2 months since the start of the therapy). Conclusions: The benefit of this therapeutic approach in the immediate management of acute abdominal and/or pulmonary symptoms of life-threatening distant metastases. Another advantage is the likehood of surgical treatment of residual metastatic masses simultaneously with delayed OE on the same day, under one anaesthesia.
- MeSH
- adjuvantní chemoterapie metody MeSH
- chronologie jako téma MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metastázy nádorů diagnóza farmakoterapie chirurgie MeSH
- orchiektomie MeSH
- testikulární nádory diagnóza farmakoterapie chirurgie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
In a prospective study, 100 patients with clinical stage I nonseminomatous testicular tumours were investigated by a surveillance policy, which consisted of regular follow-up after orchiectomy alone until disease progression was confirmed. Follow-up revealed that 65 of the 100 patients were free of disease at 25 to 90 months after orchiectomy. Disease progression was detected in 35 patients at 3 to 27 months following orchiectomy. Patients with progression were treated by PVB chemotherapy. Patients with non-seminomatous testicular tumours in clinical stage I represent a group which is not homogeneous and can therefore not be treated by means of a single modality. It is necessary to individually define optimal treatment based on prognostic factors. The surveillance policy is available in patients without risk factors and regular follow-up is mandatory. Multidisciplinary collaboration and cooperation with patients are essential.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kombinovaná terapie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- míra přežití MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- orchiektomie normy MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- protokoly protinádorové kombinované chemoterapie terapeutické užití MeSH
- staging nádorů MeSH
- surveillance populace * MeSH
- testikulární nádory mortalita patologie chirurgie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Československo MeSH
The nanofiber scent carriers prepared by electrospinning from poly-vinyl-butyral (PVB), poly-ε-polycaprolactone (PCL), poly-vinyl- alcohol (PVA) and nylon 6/6 were tested as materials for collecting and preserving cigarette tobacco olfactory trace. Nanofiber material can include polar groups on its surface that influence wettability and also attracting of specific molecules creating olfactory trace. Nanofiber material and Aratex were also morphologicaly compared by scanning electron microscope (SEM) where nanofiber carrier had from twenty-two times to thirty-six times smaller fibre diameter than Aratex fibres. Olfactory testing of nanofiber scent carriers were compared to Aratex as traditionally used material for collecting of olfactory traces in criminology. Olfactory tests were carried out by dogs with special training and by mass spectrometer. Olfactory tests carried out by dogs clearly proved that nanofiber scent carriers were able to collect and preserve olfactory trace of lower concentration despite of their lower weight compared to samples of Aratex material. Olfactory tests carried out by mass spectrometer affirmed better olfactory properties of nanofiber scent carriers compared to Aratex, when nanofiber scent carriers were able to preserve 9 of 14 specific molecules characteristic for cigarette tobacco compared to Aratex that was able to preserve only 5 of 14 specific molecules characteristic for cigarette tobacco. The experiments with olfactory trace detection with materials with a comparable mass are in progress.
BACKGROUND: The objectives of this study were to explore the course of labor and the risk of obstetric anal sphincter injury at the first vaginal birth after cesarean section (fVBAC) in comparison to primiparous vaginal birth (PVB) in women without epidural analgesia and to assess if laboring before the previous cesarean affected these outcomes. METHODS: All fVBACs without epidural analgesia and the subsequent PVBs (controls) between 2012 and 2016 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Data were collected from health records and included maternal demographics, gestational age, and labor details (duration of 1st and 2nd stages, labor induction or augmentation, birthweight, operative vaginal birth, estimated blood loss, extent of childbirth trauma) in both groups as well as cervical dilation at the time of previous cesarean in the fVBAC group. Wilcoxon and Chi-square tests were used for data analyses. RESULTS: The study comprised 510 women; 255 fVBACs and 255 controls. The majority of fVBACs were after a pre-labor cesarean section - 177 (69.4%). There was a statistically significant difference in the recorded duration of first stage between the fVBACs and controls (289 vs. 347 min respectively, p < .001). Women were less likely to have an intact perineum in the fVBAC group (29.8 vs. 43.1%, p < 0.01), however, there was no statistically significant difference in anal sphincter injury rates between both groups (2.3 vs. 1.9%, p = 0.76). The groups differed in rates of cervical tears requiring suturing (21.2 vs. 12.9%, p = 0.01). On further subgroup analysis, the duration of first stage of labor was shorter in women who previously had a caesarean section late in labor (≥ 8 cm cervical dilatation) compared to a pre-labor cesarean section, however, there were no differences in other outcomes. CONCLUSION: Compared to primiparous women having a vaginal birth, women having their first vaginal birth after a cesarean section have a shorter 1st stage of labor (particularly if the cesarean was performed in advanced labor), a higher risk of sustaining cervical lacerations and perineal trauma. However, there was no difference in the risk of sustaining obstetric anal sphincter injuries between the study groups.
- MeSH
- anální kanál zranění MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- cervix uteri zranění MeSH
- císařský řez * MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lacerace etiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- perineum zranění MeSH
- první doba porodní * MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- vaginální porod po císařském řezu škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Smíšené germinální nádory ovaria jsou podle klasifikace WHO tvořené dvěma nebo více typy germinálních nádorů a jsou vždy maligní. Cílem práce bylo u 16 pacientek mladších 18 let vyšetřovaných a léčených ve FN Motol v letech 1979-2002 revidovat bioptická vyšetření, rozsah operace, klinické stadium, onkologickou léčbu a léčebné výsledky a zjistit vliv léčby na současný zdravotní stav. Klasifikace nádorů po doplnění imunohistochemického vyšetření byla provedena podle WHO z roku 2003. Onkologické vyšetření zahrnovalo fyzikální vyšetření, krevní obraz, biochemické vyšetření včetně nádorových markerů, vyšetření plic (RTG, CT) a vyšetření břicha a pánve (sonografíe, CT). Gynekologické vyšetření bylo zaměřeno na funkci zbývajícího ovaria. Medián věku pacientek v době stanovení diagnózy je 12 let (3 roky all měsíců -17 let a 8 měsíců), všechny měly jednostranný nádor ovaria. U pěti byl nádor směsí struktur tri nádorů, u 11 byl nádor směsí stmktur dvou nádorů. Všech 16 mělo v nádom jako jednu ze složek nádor ze žloutkového váčku. Další nádorové složky zahrnovaly: teratom nezralý, embryonální karcinom, dysgerminom a teratom zralý. V době stanovení diagnózy podle FIGO klasifikace měly dvě pacientky stadium onemocnění lA, jedna IC, čtyři IIC, dvě IIIB, pět HIC a dvě stádium IV. S výjimkou tří pacientek léčených počátkem 80. let byly zbývající pacientky léčeny chemoterapii s platínovyrni deriváty. Rádioterapii jsme indikovali u sedmi pacientek. Tri pacientky zemřely za 11, 13 a 17 íoěsíců na progresi záldadního onemocnění, z toho jedna byla léčena chemoterapií s cisplatinou. Celkem 13 pacientek souboru žije s mediánem sledování 7,6 roku v klinické remisi a v dobrém zdravotním stavu. Mikroskopické vyšetření musí mít dostatečný rozsah, aby se zjistily všechny nádorové složky. Zavedení platinových derivátů do léčby ovariálních germinálních nádorů výrazně zlepšilo prognózu pacientek i v pokročilém stadiu nádorového onemocněni.
Mixed germ cell tumours of the ovary are rare malignant neoplasms containing combinations of two or more types of germ cell elements. The arm of the study was to review biopsy examinations, medical records, treatment strategy, follow-up and outcome of all girls treated for mixed germ cell tumour of the ovary at the Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Motol during the period 1979-2002. Archival slides of all tumours were reviewed and tumours were classified according to the WHO system. The clinical data on surgical treatment, chemotherapy and radiotherapy used and followup information were obtained in all girls. The staging was reviewed retrospectively on the basis of surgical and pathological findings and results of imaging investigations, and it was outlined according to the most recent FIGO criteria and TNM classification. Sixteen girls with mixed germ cell tumour of the ovary, age range 3 years 11 months to 17 years 8 months (median 12 years) were treated. All girls presented with unilateral tumour of the ovary and all underwent surgery as an initial treatment. The most common presenting sjnnptom was abdominal pain, occurring in ten patients. The original diagnosis of mixed histology was confirmed in all cases; in five cases the tumour contained three histologic components, in eleven cases the tumour consisted of two germ cell types. All tumours contained elements of yolk sac tumour, followed by immature teratoma, embryonal carcinoma, dysgerminoma and mature teratoma. At the time of diagnosis three patients had stage I disease, four patients stage II, seven stageIII and two stage IV disease. All patients were treated with chemotherapy after surgery, predominantly with platinum-based regimens (PVB, BEP). Three patients treated initially with MAC (metothrexate, dactinomycin, cyclophosphamide) were diagnosed in the early eighties. In seven girls with advanced disease treated in the early years, radiotherapy was administered to the pelvis or whole abdomen. Overall survival and event-fi-ee survival were 80% and 81.3% respectively (median follow-up time 7.6 years). Three patients have died from the disease, two progressed on treatment (MAC), one girl relapsed three months after finishing therapy, no further therapy was administered. One girl underwent resection of tumour of her remaining ovary 24 months after original diagnosis. Histology showed mixed serous and mucinous cystadenoma. The latest examinations revealed that all other patients were in good health. Microscopic examination should be extensive and careful to find out all types of malignant germ cell elements. Platinum based chemotherapy is effective in the management of children and adolescents with mixed germ cell tumors of the ovary. Chemosensitivity of these tumours allows most girls to have conservative surgery with possible preservation of reproductive function.
- MeSH
- biopsie využití MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- germinální a embryonální nádory diagnóza klasifikace patologie MeSH
- germinom chirurgie patologie radioterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- nádory vaječníků diagnóza mortalita terapie MeSH
- teratom chirurgie patologie radioterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
Úvod a ciele: Nádory testis (NT) sa liečia podľa histologického nálezu v odstránenom testis a podľa rozsahu ochorenia, tj. podľa klinického štádia. V pokročilých štádiách je však bez ohľadu na histologický typ nádoru indikovaná primárna chemoterapia (CHT).T). Súčasné zobrazovacie metódy (USG a CT) a laboratórne testy (nádorové markery AFP a hCG) poskytujú dostatočný dôkaz o prítomnosti germinatívneho NT. Pri život ohrozujúcich brušných a/alebo pľúcnych akútnych príznakoch podmienených metastázami, ked je diagnóza NT jasná, možno : začaiať liečbu bez primárnej orchiektómie (OE). Cieľom práce je zhodnotiť výhody y neoadjuvanfentnej CHT s tzv. odloženou OE v liečbe NT v pokročilom štádiu. Materiál a metódy: V priebehu 12 rokov autori liečili 32 pacientov neoadjuvantnou CHT bez primárnej OE. Devät pacientov bolo v štádiu II.C, dvaja v štádiu II.B, dvaja v štádiu III. Ďalších 19 pacientov malo metastázy v pľúcach (štádium IV), z toho 15 aj v retroperitoneu. Pacienti sa liečili kombinovanou CHT obsahujúcou cisplatinu. Po jej Ukončení sa urobila tzv. odložená OE samostatne alebo spolu s chirurgickým odstránenim reziduálnych metastáz, retroperitoneálnou lymfadenektómiou (RPLA) a/alebo pľúcnou metastazektómiou. Výsledky-. Kompletné vymiznutie metastáz po CHT samotnej sa zistilo u 11 pacientov (34,4 %). rpla sa urobila u 21 pacientov, z toho u dvoch aj pľúcna metastazektómia. Pri RPLA sa vitálny reziduálny nádor našiel u j(jedného pacienta (4 (4,8 %). 1). Pri pľúcnej metastazektómii sa vitálny reziduálny nádor nenašiel. Pri odloženej OE sa vitálny reziduálny nádor zizistil u troch pacientov (9,4 %). Celkové prežitie bolelo 68,7 % pacientov, v priemere 55,2 mesiacov od začiatku liečby. Závery-. Benefit včasnej liečby NT v pokročilom štádiu CHT (riešenie akútnych brušných a/alebo pľúcnych príznakov podmieneých metastázami) prevyšuje výhody presnej histologickej klasifikácie primárneho nádoru. Ďalšou výhodou je možnosť chirurgickej liečby reziduálnych metastáz spolu s tzv. odloženou OE v ten istý deň, pri jednej anestézii. OE po chemoterapii je nutná pre možnosť perzistencie primárneho maligneho nádoru v testis.
Introduction and Aim: The therapeutic procedures in the management of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are determined by histological findings in the removed testis and by the extent of the disease at the time of diagnosis. However, all advanced TGCT (stages IIC, III and IV) could be treated by primary chemotherapy regardless of histological findings. The current imaging techniques (ultrasonography of the testis, abdominal and thoracic CT examination) and laboratory tests (determination of serum tumor markers AFP and hCG) provide sufficient evidence for the presence of TGCT. In cases of acute abdominal and/or pulmonary symptoms because of lifethreatening distant metastases, when the diagnosis of advanced TGCT is evident, it is possible to start the treatment without orchiectomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the advantages of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy with delayed orchiectomy in the management of advanced TGCT. Material and Methods: During last 12 years a total of 32 patients with advanced TGCT were treated by neo-adjuvant cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy without previous orchiectomy. Nine patients had bulky mass in the retroperitoneum (Stage II), two patients had enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes (Stage IIB), two patients had enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes (Stage III). Another 19 patients had pulmonary metastases, 15 of them had also bulky mass in the retroperitoneum. Following the completion of chemotherapy, orchiectomy was performed alone or simultaneously with retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) and/or lung metastasectomy in cases with persisted residual mass. Results: Complete disappearance of metastases was observed in 11 (34.4 %) patients following PVB or BEP chemotherapy alone. The residual mass in the retroperitoneum was removed surgically in 21 patients. In two of them residual tumor was removed also from the lungs without viable tumor. Viable malignant tumor in the removed retroperitoneal tissue was identified in one patient (4.8 %). Residual viable malignant tumor in the testis was found in three patients (9.4 %). Overall survival was 68.7 % (by mean of 55.2 months since the start of the therapy). Conclusions: The benefit of this therapeutic approach is the immediate management of acute abdominal and/or pulmonary symptoms because of life-threatening distant metastases. Another advantage is the likehood of surgical treatment of residual metastatic masses simultaneously with delayed orchiectomy on the same day, under one anaesthesia.
