National integrated programme on environment and health ; No. 7
8 s. ; 26 cm
- MeSH
- Lead MeSH
- Radon MeSH
- Research MeSH
- Health Status MeSH
- Environmental Pollution MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- Conspectus
- Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
- NML Fields
- environmentální vědy
- management, organizace a řízení zdravotnictví
- NML Publication type
- publikace WHO
- MeSH
- Chemical Industry MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Morbidity MeSH
- Occupational Exposure MeSH
- Environmental Exposure MeSH
- Water Supply MeSH
- Health Status MeSH
- Water Pollution MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Comparative Study MeSH
Cílem studie bylo zjistit, zda a jakým způsobem ovlivňuje pobyt ve znečištěném prostředí rozvoj dětského organismu. Sledovaným souborem bylo 394 dětí ze znečištěné oblasti okresu Teplice a 172 dětí z kontrolního okresu Prachatice. Všem rodičům byl rozdán dotazník, týkající se zdravotního stavu dítěte, jeho stravovacích návyků, kouřeni rodičů a týdenní záznam stravy. Zároveň byly děti podrobeny klinickému vyšetření, odběru slin, kapilární krve pro stanovení ukazatelů humorální imunity a červeného krevního obrazu. Analýza imunologických parametrů není předmětem tohoto sdělení. Autoři zjistili významně vyšší procento kuřáků i kuřáckých rodin v Teplicích. Muži udávali kouření častěji než ženy. Průměrní rodiče-kuřáci v Teplicích vykouřili za svůj život o 40 % více cigaret než průměrní rodiče-kuřáci v Prachaticích. Antropometrické ukazatele byly vyšší u dětí z Prachatic. Teplické děti měly významně častěji zarudlé spojivky, zvětšené a rozbrázděné mandle a zvětšené uzliny. Prachatické děti udávaly v anamnéze častěji onemocnění dýchacího traktu a záněty středouší. Naproti tomu však teplické děti měly delší průměrnou dobu absence a byly v posledních 12 měsících významně častěji léčeny antibiotiky. Ve stravě prachatických dětí bylo významně vyšší zastoupení tuků a cholesterolu. naopak nižší zastoupení vitaminu C z přirozených zdrojů. Příjem energie, živočišných a rostlinných bílkovin, sacharidů a fosforu se pohyboval u všech skupin čišných a rostlinných bílkovin, sacharidů a fosforu se pohyboval u všech skupin níku a železa (pod 60 % denní doporučené hodnoty). Kunzumace obědů ve školní jídelně se zúčastnilo 95 % dětí z Prachatic a 70 % dětí z Teplic. Bezplatné školní přesnídávky konzumovalo 96 % dětí postižené oblasti. Autoři prokázali rozdíl ve zdravotním stavu dětí, na kterém se podílí odlišná kvalita vnějšího i vnitřního životního prostředí, ale i odlišný životní styl, především způsob stravování.
The objective of the investigation was to assess how life in a contaminated environment affects the development of the child organism. A total of 394 children from the contaminated area of the Teplice district were foUowed up and 172 controls from the Prachatice district. All parents were given a questionnaire pertaining to the chilďs health status, his dietary habits and smoking of parents and weekly food consumption records. At the samé time the children had a clinical examination, saliva and capillary blood samples were taken for assessment of indicators of humoral immunity and the red cell haemogram. Analysis of immunological parameters is not the subject of the present paper. The authors found a significantly higher percentage of smokers and smokers' families in Teplice. Men reported smoking more often than women. Mean smokerparents in Teplice smoked during their life by 40% more cigarettes than parentssmokers in Prachatice. Anthropometric indicators were higher in children from Prachatice. The Teplice children had significantly more often reddish conjunctivae, enlarged and grooved tonsils and enlarged nodes. Children from Prachatice reported in their case-history more frequently diseases of the airways and otitis media. However, children from Teplice had a longer mean period of absence and were during the last 12 months significantly more frequently treated with antibiotics. The values of the red cell haemogram were always higher in the children from Prachatice.In the diet of children from Prachatice there was a significantly higher ratio of fats and cholesterol and a smaller amount of vitamin C from natural sources. The intake of energy and animal and vegetable proteins, carbohydrates and phos>sphorus varied in all groups of children within the range of 80-100% of the daily recommended allowance.There was a marked calcium and iron deficiency (less than 60% of the daily recommended allowance). In Prachatice 95% of the children took school lunches and only 70% in Teplice. 96% of the affected area had free snacks at school. The authors provided evidence of a difference in the health status of the children.This difference is due to the different quality of the outdoor and indoor environment as well as a different lifestyle, in pariicular a different diet.
- MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Nutritional Physiological Phenomena MeSH
- Smoking MeSH
- Blood Cell Count MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Health Status Indicators MeSH
- Environmental Pollution MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Comparative Study MeSH
Modelová studie hodnotí vzájemné souvislosti veličin, které popisují výsledky Zdravotního dotazníku (hodnocení zdravotního stavu a vnímání duševní pohody respondentů) a kvantitativní měření obsahu škodlivin ve složkách životního prostředí v rámci Systému monitorování zdravotního stavu obyvatelstva ve vztahu k životnímu prostředí. Hodnocení je realizováno pomocí korelačního kovztahu k životnímu prostředí. Hodnocení je realizováno pomocí korelačního koeficientu a faktorovou analýzou. Výsledky popisují lineární vztahy mezi vybranými faktory a hodnocení celkové variability analyzovaného souboru. Dílčí významné korelace byly nalezeny mezi faktory, které prezentují kvalitu ovzduší a výskyt akutních respiračních onemocnění a vliv hluku v okolí bydliště respondentů na pocit vyčerpanosti a duševní pohodu. Komplexní hodnocení celého souboru naznačuje, že velká část jeho variability nesouvisí s hodnocením celkového zdravotního stavu a duševní pohody respondentů.
The model study evaluates the mutual relations of variables which describe the results of a Health questionnaire (evaluation of the health status and perception mental wellbeing of respondents) and quantitative assessment of the content of noxious substances in the environment within the framework of the System of Monitoring the Environmental Impact on Population Health. The evaluation is implemented by means of a correlation coefficient and factor analysis. The results describe linear relations between selected factors and evaluation of the general variability of the analyzed sample. Partial significant correlations were found between factors which present the quality of the atmosphere and the incidence of acute respiratory diseases and the influence of noise near the respondents domicile and the feeling of depletion and mental comfort. Comprehensive evaluation of the whole sample indicates that a major part of its variability is not associated with the evaluation of the general health status and mental wellbeing of the respondents.
Background: Social influences are among the most important factors associated with children's and adolescents' smoking. Social norms in families, peer groups, professional and municipal communities influence the individuals ones by the process of socialization obtained mainly by interactions and observations. Especially social context of the home environment expressed by household smoking restriction serves as a socialization mechanism that dissuades from the using of tobacco. Parental anti-smoking socialization practices (their attitudes and knowledge about children smoking, discussion about smoking in appropriate quality and frequency, smoking environment in homes) are influenced by their education and family status. Methods: Markers of social environment (the level of mothers' and fathers' education, family status) were investigated during interview with 5th graders included in the cohort participating in the programme "Non-smoking Is Normal". Data about the self-reported exposure to passive smoking at homes and cars were taken into consideration. Information about discussions with parents about smoking, opinions about adults smoking, experimentation with smoking, and concurrent decision about smoking in the future were obtained from 766 children aged 11 years. Those who did not know parental education or family status were excluded from the evaluation. Differences were evaluated using the chi-square, Mantel-Haenszel, Fisher and Yates corrected tests in the statistic software Epi Info, version 6. Results: The level of mothers' and fathers' education significantly influenced the exposure of children to passive smoking. Compared to families of higher educated parents, children living in families with middle and low levels of parents' education were significantly more exposed to environmental tobacco smoke at home and in car (RR 1.38; 95% CI 1.04–1.83) and fewer of them live in non-smoking environments. In the whole cohort, 67.5% children have not smoked even one puff yet, 17.2% reported one single attempt, and 15.4% smoked repeatedly. The level of parents' education had no influence on children's concurrent smoking experimentation or on their concurrent decision about smoking in the future. There was also no difference in number of children who obtained cigarettes from their parents and parents' level of education (about 6%). When the level of maternal education was combined with the family status, significant differences were found. Compared to children living with two biological parents (highly educated mother), children from other groups more often reported current experimentating with smoking and lower number of those decided not to smoke in the future. No significant differences were found in other markers of knowledge and attitudes between children from analysed social family groups. Conclusion: In our study, the parental education has significantly influenced exposure of children to passive smoking at homes and in cars, but had no effect on children's opinions and attitudes about smoking. Higher education of mothers and family status significantly lowered the frequency of current experimentation and decision about future smoking among children living in families with two biological parents of whom mother attained higher education. It is necessary to seek ways for improving parental concern about smoking prevention.
- MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Smoking epidemiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Family MeSH
- Social Environment MeSH
- Educational Status MeSH
- Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MeSH
- Tobacco Smoke Pollution statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- MeSH
- Hypersensitivity MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Respiratory System pathology MeSH
- Immune System pathology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Health Status Indicators MeSH
- Environmental Pollution MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Geographicals
- Slovakia MeSH
