Úvod: V důsledku metabolických dějů dochází v živých strukturách k endogenní produkci chemiluminiscence, kterou také označujeme jako biologickou autochemiluminiscenci (BAL). Generování BAL je úzce spojeno s oxidačními procesy, tvorbou volných radikálů a obecně oxidačně-redukční homeostázou zkoumaného biologického materiálu. BAL byla již dříve studována v savčích buněčných modelech a tkáních. Doposud ovšem nebyl tento jev popsán v případě struktur zubní tkáně. Kromě endogenně generované BAL lze BAL indukovat i exogenně, a to jak fyzikálními (UV záření, mechanické poškození, teplo), tak i chemickými (oxidační činidla, např. H2O2) a biotickými (patogeny) faktory. Metodika: V předložené práci byla zkoumána endogenně produkovaná i exogenně indukovaná BAL v povrchových a vnitřních strukturách semiretinovaných a retinovaných třetích molárů, které byly indikovány k extrakci zubním lékařem pro jejich nevhodné uložení v čelisti u dvou pacientů (žena, 21 let, muž, 22 let). Detekce BAL byla provedena po mechanickém odstranění zubního plaku rotačním kartáčkem. Pomocí piezoelektrické pily byly připraveny podélné řezy vedené tak, aby došlo k odhalení všech vnitřních částí zubu. Takto připravené vzorky – celého vnitřního řezu a vnější části celého zubu – byly podrobeny detekci BAL ve světlotěsné komoře za použití fotonásobičového modulu. Následně byly vzorky ošetřeny roztokem oxidačního činidla 3% H2O2 a redukčního činidla 10 mM TCEP (tris(karboxyethyl)fosfin). Výsledky: U obou vzorků zubu bylo prokázáno, že produkují BAL. Produkce endogenní chemiluminiscence byla pozorována ve vnitřních strukturách zubu (18 600 pulzů/600 s), která byla přibližně 2,7krát vyšší než BAL detekovaná na povrchových strukturách zubu (6 900 pulzů/600 s). Po ošetření H2O2 došlo k významnému (až 14násobnému) nárůstu BAL pro vnitřní struktury zubu ve srovnání s bazální intenzitou endogenně produkované BAL. Aplikace TCEP (negativní kontrola) vedla k mírnému potlačení produkce BAL. Závěr: Výsledky této pilotní studie ukazují, že BAL může být produkována nejenom měkkými tkáněmi, ale i tvrdou zubní tkání. Získané výsledky by mohly být využity k výzkumu metabolické aktivity a reaktivity vnitřních i vnějších částí zubu, a to především v kontextu výzkumu oxidačněredukční homeostázy. Detekce BAL by také mohla být aplikována pro vývoj nových zobrazovacích technik.

Introduction: As a result of metabolic processes, the endogenous production of chemiluminescence occurs in living biological structures, which we also refer to as biological autochemiluminescence (BAL). The generation of BAL is closely connected with oxidation processes, the formation of free radicals, and in general the redox homeostasis of the investigated biological material. BAL has previously been studied in mammalian cells and tissues. So far, however, this phenomenon has not been described in dental tissue structures. In addition to endogenously generated BAL, BAL can be exogenously induced by physical (UV radiation, mechanical damage, heat), chemical (oxidizing agents, e.g. H2O2) or biotic (pathogens) factors. Methods: Endogenously and exogenously induced BAL were investigated on the surface and internal structures of semi-impacted and impacted third molars, which were indicated for extraction by a dentist due to their inappropriate placement in the jaw in two patients (a 21-year-old woman and a 22-year-old man). BAL detection was performed with samples after dental plaque was mechanically removed with a rotating brush. Using a piezosurgery unit with a saw headpiece, longitudinal sections were made to reveal all internal parts of the tooth. The samples prepared in this way – the entire internal section and the external part of the entire tooth – were subjected to BAL detection in a dark chamber using H7360-01 PMT photomultiplier. Subsequently, the samples were treated with a solution of the oxidizing agent 3% H2O2 or the reducing agent 10 mM TCEP (tris(carboxyethyl)phosphine). Results: Both tooth samples were shown to produce BAL. Endogenous chemiluminescence production was observed in the internal structures of the tooth (18,600 counts/600 s), which was 2.7-fold higher than the BAL detected on the tooth outer surfaces (6,900 counts/600 s). After H2O2 treatment, there was a significant (up to 14-fold) increase in BAL for internal tooth structures compared to the basal intensity of endogenously produced BAL. The application of TCEP (negative control) resulted in a residual suppression of BAL production. Conclusion: The results of this pilot study show that BAL can be produced not only by soft tissues but also by hard dental tissue. The obtained results could be used for further research of the metabolic activity and reactivity of the inner and outer parts of the tooth, especially in the context of redox biology research. BAL detection could also be applied in the development of new imaging techniques.

Objectives: The relationship between the isokinetic maximal strength of internal or external shoulder rotation and serve speed in tennis is well established, yet the influence of segmental mass, height, and high-speed shoulder rotation strength on serve performance in junior players remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between concentric or eccentric isokinetic shoulder strength, segmental mass, height, and first-serve speed aimed at the T-target zone. Methods: Fifteen male junior competitive tennis players (mean ± SD: age 15.9 ± 0.9 years; height: 180.1 ± 7.2 cm; body mass: 66.1 ± 5.7 kg) were assessed for maximal isokinetic strength during concentric and eccentric internal and external shoulder rotations. Segmental mass (arm, leg, and trunk) was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and serve speed was recorded using a radar gun. Results: Concentric shoulder rotations at 210°/s demonstrated significant positive correlations with serve speed for both external (ρ = 0.71, p ≤ 0.01) and internal rotation (ρ = 0.61, p ≤ 0.05). Although lean arm mass partially mediated the relationship between shoulder strength and serve speed (indirect effect = 0.502, 95% CI: -0.156 to 1.145), this mediation effect was not statistically significant. Height was moderately correlated with serve speed (ρ = 0.68, p ≤ 0.01) but did not moderate the relationship between shoulder strength and serve speed. Conclusions: Concentric shoulder strength at higher angular velocities and segmental mass contribute to serve speed in junior tennis players. While height provides structural advantages, strength and lean mass play important roles, emphasizing the need for targeted training programs.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Giant inguinoscrotal hernias (GIH), defined as hernias extending below the inner thigh midpoint in a standing position, are rare and often seen in resource-limited settings due to delayed medical care. These hernias pose surgical challenges, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where standardized management protocols are lacking, and risks such as cardiorespiratory compromise are significant. CASE PRESENTATION: A 55-year-old male presented with a large, irreducible right inguinoscrotal hernia of 1.5 years duration. Elective surgery involved sac separation and laparotomy, revealing herniation of bowel segments, including the terminal ileum and sigmoid colon, with concurrent intestinal malrotation. Ladd's procedure, appendectomy, and hernia repair were performed without complications. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, with the patient remaining asymptomatic during follow-up. DISCUSSION: GIH management depends on hernia classification. While Type I hernias require simpler repairs, Types II and III often necessitate advanced techniques, such as Preoperative Progressive Pneumoperitoneum or bowel resection, to prevent abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS). Anatomical anomalies, such as malrotation, complicate surgical planning. Successful outcomes rely on individualized, resource-appropriate strategies and meticulous care, especially in LMICs. CONCLUSION: GIH presents unique challenges, particularly in resource-constrained settings. Tailored approaches, informed by classification and patient-specific factors, are essential. This case underscores the importance of innovative strategies, careful planning, and standardized protocols to improve outcomes for GIH patients globally.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

BACKGROUND: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a heterogenous disease caused by mutations of miscellaneous genes which physiologically play an important role in proper structure and/or function of various cellular cilia including sperm flagella. Besides male infertility, the typical phenotypes, based on decreased mucociliary clearance, are lifelong respiratory issues, i.e., chronic bronchitis leading to bronchiectasis, chronic rhinosinusitis, and chronic otitis media. Moreover, since motile cilia are important during embryological development in the sense of direction of gut rotation, 50% of affected individuals develop situs inversus - so-called Kartagener's syndrome. CASE PRESENTATION: We present two cases of PCD as a rare cause of male infertility. CONCLUSIONS: Primary ciliary dyskinesia should be suspected in infertile males having (sub)normal sperm concentration values with persistent zero motility together with patient's and/or family history of respiratory symptoms like bronchiectasis, chronic cough, rhinitis, recurrent sinusitis, and otitis media. Due to more than 50 identified mutations until now, the causal mechanism of male infertility is miscellaneous and not in all cases known in detail. Besides impaired sperm motility, other mechanisms significantly decreasing efficacy of assisted reproduction techniques play a pivotal role. Thus, proper diagnostic work-up including, among others, sperm DNA fragmentation, is mandatory to avoid ineffective treatment burden.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Significant malrotation of the femur after osteosynthesis is a serious complication of treatment and has a number of consequences for the patients and causes deterioration of their quality of life. Therefore, it is necessary to be familiar with intraoperative techniques to control the correct rotation, mostly clinical and radiological, which give us the possibility to minimize rotational errors. In the postoperative period, with even a slight suspicion of malrotation, it is necessary to proceed to its exact verification and, in indicated cases, to perform necessary correction. We recommend one of the CT techniques as a very reliable method, however in younger patients we prefer to use MRI. Early diagnosis of the rotational error and especially its size is essential from the point of view of potential reconstructive surgery, which is then chosen also with regard to the location of the original lesion. Key words: femoral osteosynthesis, limb malrotation, methods of measuring.

• MeSH
• femur chirurgie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• fraktury femuru * chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody   MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
• pooperační komplikace diagnóza   etiologie   MeSH
• vnitřní fixace fraktury * škodlivé účinky   metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND: The research on possible cerebral involvement in Crohn's disease (CD) has been largely marginalized and failed to capitalize on recent developments in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional pilot study searches for eventual macrostructural and microstructural brain affection in CD in remission and early after the disease onset. METHODS: 14 paediatric CD patients and 14 healthy controls underwent structural, diffusion weighted imaging and quantitative relaxation metrics acquisition, both conventional free precession and adiabatic rotating frame transverse and longitudinal relaxation time constants as markers of myelination, iron content and cellular loss. RESULTS: While no inter-group differences in cortical thickness and relaxation metrics were found, lower mean diffusivity and higher intracellular volume fraction were detected in CD patients over vast cortical regions essential for the regulation of the autonomous nervous system, sensorimotor processing, cognition and behavior, pointing to wide-spread cytotoxic oedema in the absence of demyelination, iron deposition or atrophy. CONCLUSION: Although still requiring further validation in longitudinal projects enrolling larger numbers of subjects, this study provides an indication of wide-spread cortical oedema in CD patients very early after the disease onset and sets possible directions for further research.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Electrochemical Drilling (ECD) is an unconventional method aimed at creating holes in metallic workpieces characterized by high hardness and complex structures. This study analyzes the influence of process variables, including machining voltage, electrolyte concentration, electrode rotational speed, electrolyte flushing pressure, and workpiece material, on the novel hole performance index (HPI) in electrical discharge machining (ECD). The HPI was identified as a suitable metric for simultaneously evaluating hole geometry and drilling time across various machining parameters and workpiece materials. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) method was employed to determine the significance of each machining parameter and workpiece material on the HPI. The research employed signal-to-noise ratio analysis to identify the optimal machining parameters. The findings demonstrated that the workpiece material and machining voltage were significant factors influencing HPI. The validation tests demonstrated that the proposed statistical method can significantly reduce HPI.

• MeSH
• elektrochemické techniky * metody   MeSH
• elektrody MeSH
• poměr signál - šum MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate one-year clinical outcomes in cataract patients with pre-existing corneal astigmatism implanted with a biconvex aspheric toric monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) with a double C-loop haptic-design. METHODS: One hundred and eighteen patients (236 eyes) with corneal astigmatism (≥0.75D) were implanted bilaterally with the PODEYE toric IOL and assessed up to 1-year after surgery. Postoperative evaluation included monocular and binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), under both photopic and mesopic lighting conditions, refraction, photopic and mesopic contrast sensitivity (with and without glare), and rotational stability. RESULTS: At the last postoperative visit, 74.6% and 95.8% of eyes were within ±0.50D and ±1.00D of the target refraction, respectively. About 78.0% and 97.5% of eyes showed a postoperative refractive cylinder of ≤0.50D and ≤1.00D, respectively. The mean manifest spherical equivalent value was 0.16±0.40D, and the mean refractive cylinder value was -0.42±0.33D. 97.5% and 100% of patients had a binocular UDVA and CDVA of ≥20/32, respectively. The mean binocular UDVA and CDVA were 0.01±0.09 and -0.03±0.07 logMAR, respectively. Under mesopic conditions, 79.5% and 89.8% of patients showed a binocular UDVA and CDVA of ≥20/32, respectively. The mean binocular UDVA and CDVA were 0.15±0.11 and 0.10±0.10 logMAR, respectively. Binocular contrast sensitivity function both under photopic and mesopic conditions was good. The mean absolute IOL rotation was 2.52±2.59 degrees with 98.56% of eyes having a rotation of less than 10 degrees. CONCLUSION: Bilateral implantation of an aspheric toric monofocal IOL with a double C-loop haptic design in cataract patients with corneal astigmatism provides good visual and refractive outcomes up to 1-year post-surgery.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH

The mechanism of rotator cuff injury remains to be elucidated. And COX-2 plays a dual role in skeletal muscle injury and regeneration, would be associated with the development of rotator cuff injury. Therefore, we chose human skeletal muscle cells (HSKMC) as an in vitro muscle tissue model and transfected lentivirus with overexpressed COX-2 to simulate the in vitro environment of rotator cuff injury. To investigate the specific molecular biological mechanism of COX-2, transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) was used to analyze the differentially expressed mRNAs in HSKMC overexpressing COX-2. Enrichment analysis was performed to analyze these differentially expressed genes and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to examine the mRNA levels of genes induced by overexpression. Subsequently, the role of COX-2 in cell proliferation was confirmed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation induced by COX-2 was utilized by western blotting (WB). The results showed that total of 30,759 differentially expressed genes were obtained, and the expression of CYP4F3 and GPR87 was significantly increased. COX-2 could bind CYP4F3 and GPR87 and co-localize with them in the cytoplasm. Finally, COX-2 promoted the proliferation of human skeletal muscle cells by activating the FAK and STAT3 pathways.

• MeSH
• cyklooxygenasa 2 * metabolismus   genetika   MeSH
• kosterní svalová vlákna metabolismus   enzymologie   patologie   MeSH
• kosterní svaly metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poranění rotátorové manžety * metabolismus   patologie   enzymologie   genetika   MeSH
• proliferace buněk MeSH
• transkripční faktor STAT3 metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: This study investigated the relationship between the position of the tip of the coracoid process (CP) relative to the glenoid with subscapularis (Ssc) tears. We hypothesized that the coracoid tip is more inferior, lateral and posterior in patients with Ssc tear. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This research enrolled 34 isolated Ssc tears and 44 controls. We introduced the axial central glenoid-coracoid angle (acGCA) and sagittal central glenoid-coracoid angle (scGCA) to evaluate the position of the tip of the CP relative to the glenoid center on MRI images. In both groups, acGCA, scGCA on MRI and critical shoulder angle (CSA), glenoid inclination (GI) on true anterior-posterior shoulder radiography were evaluated. RESULTS: When both groups were compared in terms of acGCA, the acGCA values of the Ssc tear group were significantly higher than the control group (p<0.001). The best cut-off value of acGCA for Ssc tears was 28.3°. acGCA values higher than 28.3° showed 93.3% sensitivity and 93.1% specificity for Ssc tears (likelihood ratio:13.53, AUC: 0.979, 95% CI of AUC: 0.950- 0.999). In terms of acGCA, the power analysis between Ssc tears group and control group was 99.9% between Ssc tears and the control group (effect size d=2.63). When both groups were compared in terms of scGCA, the scGCA values of the Ssc tear group were significantly higher than the control group (p<0.001). The best cut-off value of scGCA for Ssc tears was 41.4°. Scores of scGCA greater than 41.8° showed 80% sensitivity and 89.7% specificity for Ssc tears (likelihood ratio: 7.73, AUC: 0.899 95% CI of AUC: 0.837-0.958). In terms of scGCA, the power analysis between Ssc tear and control group was 99.8% (effect size d=1.23). When both groups were compared in terms of CSA and GI; CSA and GI values in the Ssc tear group were significantly higher (p<0.001 and p<0.012, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: AcGCA values higher than 28.3° indicate that the coracoid tip is located more laterally and posteriorly; scGCA values higher than 41.8° indicate that the coracoid tip is located more inferiorly and these two new indexes are showing that more laterally, posteriorly and inferiorly coracoid tip is related to subscapularis tears. KEY WORDS: coracoid process, subscapularis tear, coracoid morphology, scapula morphology.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie * metody   MeSH
• poranění rotátorové manžety * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• processus coracoideus * zranění   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• ramenní kloub diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH