The study aims to investigate the effect of augmented feedback on the hit accuracy of foil fencers. A total of 10 fencing players, juniors and cadets registered at the XX fencing federation were divided into control and experimental groups. The ‘Fencing Scouting Sheet / Foil’ instrument was developed to collect the required data divided into ‘Touches scored’, ‘Touches received’, ‘Touches scored out of target’ and ‘Touches received out of target’. Each player of the experimental and control group played 20 bouts; each bout was scouted and calculated by the coach using a scouting sheet. The total of each group member (experimental and control) was calculated (100 games for each group). Coaches provided the experimental group players with the proper augmented feedback based on each player’s performance. Individually or in group before, during, or after the bouts. The results of the study indicated that the experimental group was 37.4 % higher than the control group in ‘Touches scored’, but less by 36.7%, 59.3% and 19.3% in ‘Touches received’, ‘Touches scored out of target’ and ‘Touches received out of target’ respectively. We encourage future studies to implement the scouting sheet developed to enhance the quality of training sessions and the players' performance.
- Keywords
- SCOUT,
- MeSH
- Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy methods MeSH
- Diagnostic Imaging methods MeSH
- Cohort Studies MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Lymph Node Excision methods MeSH
- Mammography MeSH
- Mastectomy methods MeSH
- Neoplasm Metastasis diagnostic imaging therapy MeSH
- Breast Neoplasms * surgery diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MeSH
- Prospective Studies MeSH
- Breast diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Radar MeSH
- Neoplasm Grading methods MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Female MeSH
A solvent-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography method was developed following the Quality by Design approach for the simultaneous determination of sitagliptin (SIT), an oral antihyperglycemic drug, and its main impurities derived from the synthesis process. The separation system was identified in the scouting phase and was made by sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) micelles with the addition of n-butanol and methanol. The knowledge space was investigated through an asymmetric screening matrix, taking into consideration eight critical method parameters (CMPs) involving the composition of the background electrolyte in terms of buffer concentration and pH, the concentration of surfactants and organic modifiers, and voltage. The critical method attributes (CMAs) were identified as analysis time and the distance between the tail of the electroosmotic flow system peak and the front edge of impurity I1 (sitagliptin triazole hydrochloride). A Box-Behnken Design was used in response surface methodology for calculating the quadratic models relating the CMPs to the CMAs. From the models it was possible to compute the method operable design region (MODR) through Monte-Carlo simulations. The MODR was identified in the probability maps as the multidimensional zone where the risk of failure to achieve the desired values for the CMAs was lower than 10 %. The experimental conditions corresponding to the working point, with the MODR interval, were the following: background electrolyte, 14 (10-18) mM borate buffer pH 9.20, 100 mM SDS, 13.6 (11.1-16.0) %v/v n-butanol, 6.7 (4.5-8.8) %v/v methanol; voltage and temperature were set to 28 kV and 22 °C, respectively. The developed CE method was validated in accordance with International Council for Harmonisation guidelines and was applied to the analysis of SIT tablets. The routine analysis for the quality control of the pharmaceutical product could be conducted in about 11 min.
Nintedanib (NIN) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor recently approved for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. As a new drug, no monograph is available so far in official compendia. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method is presented for the simultaneous determination of NIN and its seven potential impurities. The risk-based approach of Analytical Quality by Design was applied in method development. The critical method parameters (CMPs) were the type of organic solvent in the mobile phase, formic acid percentage, column flow rate, oven temperature, gradient slope of organic eluent. The critical method attributes (CMAs) were selected as analysis time and selectivity between the main compound NIN and the adjacent peaks. Design of Experiments methodology was effectively employed for establishing the relationship between the CMPs and the CMAs. In the scouting step, a Restek Ultra AQ C18 (100 × 2.1 mm, 2.7 µm) core-shell column was selected, and then the effects of different levels of the five CMPs on the CMAs were evaluated by means of a 35//16 symmetric screening matrix. A Box-Behnken Design made it possible to obtain detailed maps of predicted CMAs throughout the investigated experimental domain, pointing out the presence of interaction and quadratic effects. The probability of meeting the specifications for the CMAs was calculated by Monte-Carlo simulations, performing a risk analysis and drawing risk of failure maps, which were used to visualize and define the method operable design region (MODR) with a probability π ≥ 90%. The final working conditions (enclosing the MODR interval) were as follows: methanol as organic solvent; formic acid percentage, 0.15% v/v; flow rate, 0.40 mL min-1 (0.37-0.43 mL min-1); oven temperature, 40 °C (38-40 °C); gradient slope of organic eluent, 14.00% eluent B min-1 (12.85-15.15% eluent B min-1). The resulting analysis time was about 10 min. Validation was carried out according to International Council for Harmonisation guidelines and the optimized method was applied to the analysis of NIN soft capsules for quality control purposes.
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Despite anecdotal reports of the astonishing homing abilities in dogs, their homing strategies are not fully understood. We equipped 27 hunting dogs with GPS collars and action cams, let them freely roam in forested areas, and analyzed components of homing in over 600 trials. When returning to the owner (homewards), dogs either followed their outbound track ('tracking') or used a novel route ('scouting'). The inbound track during scouting started mostly with a short (about 20 m) run along the north-south geomagnetic axis, irrespective of the actual direction homewards. Performing such a 'compass run' significantly increased homing efficiency. We propose that this run is instrumental for bringing the mental map into register with the magnetic compass and to establish the heading of the animal.
- MeSH
- Magnetic Phenomena * MeSH
- Orientation * MeSH
- Working Dogs physiology MeSH
- Dogs MeSH
- Homing Behavior * MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Male MeSH
- Dogs MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
SUMMARY: The New E-Resource for Drug Discovery (NERDD) is a quickly expanding web portal focused on the provision of peer-reviewed in silico tools for drug discovery. NERDD currently hosts tools for predicting the sites of metabolism (FAME) and metabolites (GLORY) of small organic molecules, for flagging compounds that are likely to interfere with biological assays (Hit Dexter), and for identifying natural products and natural product derivatives in large compound collections (NP-Scout). Several additional models and components are currently in development. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The NERDD web server is available at https://nerdd.zbh.uni-hamburg.de. Most tools are also available as software packages for local installation.
AIMS: K117 and K127 are bis-pyridinium aldoximes but K117 is a bis-pyridinium bis-aldoxime while K127 has only one single aldoxime in addition to its amide substituent. Is there any difference in pharmacokinetics in these compounds that otherwise have the same chemical structure? Both K117 and K127 are developed as antidotes in acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase poisoning in terrorist attacks or intoxication with other organophosphorous compounds. Their distributions have been scouted in the bodies of rats. MAIN METHODS: White male Wistar rats were intramuscularly injected. The animals were sacrificed, tissue samples were homogenized, and either K117 or K127 concentrations were determined using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. KEY FINDINGS: Both K117 and K127 were present in all tissues that were analyzed including blood (serum), the brains, cerebrospinal fluid, the eyes, livers, kidneys, lungs and testes. Their pharmacokinetics and body distributions are similar. SIGNIFICANCE: Either K117 or K127 meets the essential requirements for antidotes. Dose dependence and kinetics of their distribution were compared to that of other pyridinium aldoximes.
- MeSH
- Acetylcholinesterase chemistry MeSH
- Antidotes pharmacokinetics MeSH
- Butyrylcholinesterase chemistry MeSH
- Chemical Warfare Agents pharmacokinetics MeSH
- Cholinesterase Inhibitors pharmacokinetics MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Organophosphates antagonists & inhibitors MeSH
- Oximes analysis pharmacokinetics MeSH
- Rats, Wistar MeSH
- Pyridinium Compounds analysis pharmacokinetics MeSH
- Cholinesterase Reactivators pharmacokinetics MeSH
- Tissue Distribution MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
A capillary electrophoresis method for the simultaneous determination of the enantiomeric purity and of impurities of the chiral calcimimetic drug cinacalcet hydrochloride has been developed following Quality by Design principles. The scouting phase was aimed to select the separation operative mode and to identify a suitable chiral selector. Among the tested cyclodextrins, (2-carboxyethyl)-β-cyclodextrin and (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin (HPγCyD) showed good chiral resolving capabilities. The selected separation system was solvent-modified capillary zone electrophoresis with the addition of HPγCyD and methanol. Voltage, buffer pH, methanol concentration and HPγCyD concentration were investigated as critical method parameters by a multivariate strategy. Critical method attributes were represented by enantioresolution and analysis time. A Box-Behnken Design allowed the contour plots to be drawn and quadratic and interaction effects to be highlighted. The Method Operable Design Region (MODR) was identified by applying Monte-Carlo simulations and corresponded to the multidimensional zone where both the critical method attributes fulfilled the requirements with a desired probability π≥90%. The working conditions, with the MODR limits, corresponded to the following: capillary length, 48.5cm; temperature, 18°C; voltage, 26kV (26-27kV); background electrolyte, 150mM phosphate buffer pH 2.70 (2.60-2.80), 3.1mM (3.0-3.5mM) HPγCyD; 2.00% (0.00-8.40%) v/v methanol. Robustness testing was carried out by a Plackett-Burman matrix and finally a method control strategy was defined. The complete separation of the analytes was obtained in about 10min. The method was validated following the International Council for Harmonisation guidelines and was applied for the analysis of a real sample of cinacalcet hydrochloride tablets.
- MeSH
- beta-Cyclodextrins chemistry MeSH
- Cinacalcet chemistry isolation & purification MeSH
- Electrophoresis, Capillary methods MeSH
- gamma-Cyclodextrins chemistry MeSH
- Risk Assessment MeSH
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration MeSH
- Drug Contamination MeSH
- Monte Carlo Method MeSH
- Probability MeSH
- Solvents MeSH
- Stereoisomerism MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
V predloženej štúdii sa snažíme poukázať na problémy v oblasti telovýchovy a športu na Slovensku po vzniku spoločné štátu Čechov a Slovákov. Vplyvom silného maďarizačného útlaku nemali Slováci do roku 1918 vlastné telovýchovné a športové organizácie. Zásluhou vyspelého českého športového hnutia, súbežne s etablovaním československej štátnej moci sa za výdatnej pomoci českých športových funkcionárov zakladali aj telocvičné, športové a turistické organizácie ako výraz československej štátnosti. Národnostné menšiny na našom území si od vzniku ČSR budovali svoje organizácie ako výraz národnostného a politického zápasu.
Creation of the Czecho-Slovak Republic after the WWI in 1918 meant a milestone also in the development of physical education and sport in Slovakia. New Czecho-Slovak government tried within the new constitutional conditions to enforce the Czechoslovak character of the state and to withhold the Hungarian influence in individual towns. Following its multi-national, multi-cultural and multi-confessional history, Slovakia had to get over long-time Hungarian wrongdoing and hungarization also in the area of sport. Before 1918, the Hungarian and partially also German sport clubs prevailed and any efforts to establish Slovak sport clubs were more platonic than realistic. However, the conditions and circumstances changed and adapted to the new state layout after 1918. Because of the tense military-political situation at the Czech borders and in Slovakia during 1918–1920, arrival of the Czech and also German sport organizations was postponed until 1921. The Sokol (Falcon) organization started to organize its advertising tours to Slovakia in 1921. Similarly, the German organizations DTV came to Bratislava in 1921 and to Spiš in 1922. All relevant national physical education, sport, scout or touristic organizations gradually established themselves. Particularly the physical education organizations were ideologically closely connected with political parties. Football, volleyball, basketball, tennis, swimming, wrestling, box and table tennis became the most popular sports during 1918–1924. However, Slovakia lagged behind when talking about the material and technical equipment, swimming pools or gyms. Often, Czech sport enthusiasts, who originally came during 1918-1920 to protect the new republic, were also helping with the development and management of the sport clubs.
