A fully automated spectrophotometric method based on flow-batch analysis has been developed for the determination of clenbuterol including an on-line solid phase extraction using a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as the sorbent. The molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction (MISPE) procedure allowed analyte extraction from complex matrices at low concentration levels and with high selectivity towards the analyte. The MISPE procedure was performed using a commercial MIP cartridge that was introduced into a guard column holder and integrated in the analyzer system. Optimized parameters included the volume of the sample, the type and volume of the conditioning and washing solutions, and the type and volume of the eluent. Quantification of clenbuterol was carried out by spectrophotometry after in-system post-elution analyte derivatization based on azo-coupling using N- (1-Naphthyl) ethylenediamine as the coupling agent to yield a red-colored compound with maximum absorbance at 500nm. Both the chromogenic reaction and spectrophotometric detection were performed in a lab-made flow-batch mixing chamber that replaced the cuvette holder of the spectrophotometer. The calibration curve was linear in the 0.075-0.500mgL-1 range with a correlation coefficient of 0.998. The precision of the proposed method was evaluated in terms of the relative standard deviation obtaining 1.1% and 3.0% for intra-day precision and inter-day precision, respectively. The detection limit was 0.021mgL-1 and the sample throughput for the entire process was 3.4h-1. The proposed method was applied for the determination of CLB in human urine and milk substitute samples obtaining recoveries values within a range of 94.0-100.0%.
- MeSH
- Urinalysis methods MeSH
- Color MeSH
- Clenbuterol analysis isolation & purification urine MeSH
- Colorimetry MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Limit of Detection MeSH
- Analytic Sample Preparation Methods MeSH
- Molecular Imprinting * MeSH
- Milk Substitutes chemistry MeSH
- Polymers classification MeSH
- Solvents chemistry MeSH
- Temperature MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- MeSH
- Appetite Depressants * MeSH
- Asthma * drug therapy MeSH
- Bronchodilator Agents * administration & dosage pharmacology contraindications adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive * drug therapy MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Doping in Sports * prevention & control legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Hypokalemia * chemically induced MeSH
- Cough * drug therapy complications MeSH
- Clenbuterol * administration & dosage pharmacology contraindications adverse effects therapeutic use supply & distribution MeSH
- Drug Interactions * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Automobile Driving * standards MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
Epizodická dušnost, pískoty, kašel a pocit tíže na hrudníku jsou základními, ale nikoliv patognomickými příznaky astmatu. Dušnost vyvolaná fyzickou námahou je jedním z klinických projevů námahou indukované bronchokonstrikce resp. námahou indukovaného astmatu (EIA). Zvláště v dětském věku jsou námahou indukované obtíže často jediným projevem astmatu. Projevy námahou indukovaného astma jsou známkou, že astma není pod kontrolou, a zároveň je námahou indukované astma jedním z fenotypů astmatu. Dušnost je nutno v čas diagnostikovat, v čas léčit a kontinuálně monitorovat. Vrcholoví sportovci trpí astmatem 5krát častěji než ostatní populace. Farmakoterapie astmatu vrcholových sportovců se řídí stejnými obecnými zásadami, má však svou specifickou dopingovou problematiku.
Episodic breathlessness, wheezing, cough and chest tightness are basic, but no pathognomic, symptoms of asthma. Exercise-induced breathlessness is by one of clinical symptoms of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction resp. exercise-induced asthma (EIA). Some children with asthma often present only with exercise-induced symptoms. Features of exercise-induced asthma are sings, that asthma is not controlled and simultaneously, exercise-induced asthma is by one of phenotypes of asthma. Early diagnosis, early therapy and continual monitoring of breathlessness are very important. Elite athletes suffer from asthma 5 times more often than the other people. Asthma pharmacotherapy of elite athletes abides wit h the same general rules but has its specific doping problems.
- MeSH
- Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists standards therapeutic use MeSH
- Asthma, Exercise-Induced * diagnosis etiology drug therapy prevention & control therapy MeSH
- Asthma diagnosis etiology drug therapy MeSH
- Doping in Sports * prevention & control MeSH
- Dyspnea diagnosis etiology classification therapy MeSH
- Phenotype MeSH
- Clenbuterol contraindications therapeutic use MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Sports MeSH
- Physical Exertion MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Lecture MeSH
Symptomy dolních močových cest (LUTS) představují věkově závislé onemocnění, které má významný dopad na kvalitu života. Její léčba prodělala v posledních patnácti letech ohromný pokrok. Nejčastěji používaným způsobem léčby je farmakoterapie. V tomto článku popisuji možnosti současné farmakoterapie, její efektivitu i nežádoucí účinky.
Low urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) present age-related disease with important impact on the quality of life. Therapy of LUTS has been dramatically changed in the last fiteen years. The most frequently used therapy is the pharmacotherapy at present. This paper describes current possible pharmacological treatment, its effectivity and side effects.
- Keywords
- alfuzosin, terazosin, silodosin, trospium, tolterodin, solifenacin, darifenacin, oxybutinin, propiverin, midodrin (Gutron), imipramin (Melipramin),
- MeSH
- Adrenergic alpha-Agonists pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Adrenergic beta-Agonists therapeutic use MeSH
- Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists pharmacology adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists pharmacology adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic therapeutic use MeSH
- Baclofen therapeutic use MeSH
- Deamino Arginine Vasopressin pharmacology contraindications adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Doxazosin therapeutic use MeSH
- Ephedrine therapeutic use MeSH
- Drug Therapy * methods trends MeSH
- Phytotherapy MeSH
- Hormone Replacement Therapy MeSH
- Urinary Bladder, Overactive drug therapy MeSH
- Prostatic Hyperplasia drug therapy MeSH
- 5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors pharmacology adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors therapeutic use MeSH
- Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors pharmacology contraindications therapeutic use MeSH
- Ion Channels drug effects MeSH
- Clenbuterol MeSH
- Drug Therapy, Combination methods MeSH
- Quality of Life MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Membrane Transport Modulators therapeutic use MeSH
- Parasympatholytics pharmacology contraindications adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Propranolol therapeutic use MeSH
- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors therapeutic use MeSH
- Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms * etiology drug therapy classification pathology therapy MeSH
- Tamsulosin MeSH
- Age Factors MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
Ventricular assist devices (VAD) have recently established themselves as an irreplaceable therapeutic modality of terminal heart failure. Because of the worldwide shortage of donors, ventricular assist devices play a key role in modern heart failure therapy. Some clinical data have revealed the possibility of cardiac recovery during VAD application. On the other hand, both clinical and experimental studies indicate the risk of the cardiac atrophy development, especially after prolonged mechanical unloading. Little is known about the specific mechanisms governing the unloading-induced cardiac atrophy and about the exact ultrastructural changes in cardiomyocytes, and even less is known about the ways in which possible therapeutical interventions may affect heart atrophy. One aim of this review was to present important aspects of the development of VAD-related cardiac atrophy in humans and we also review the most significant observations linking clinical data and those derived from studies using experimental models. The focus of this article was to review current methods applied to alleviate cardiac atrophy which follows mechanical unloading of the heart. Out of many pharmacological agents studied, only the selective beta2 agonist clenbuterol has been proved to have a significantly beneficial effect on unloading-induced atrophy. Mechanical means of atrophy alleviation also seem to be effective and promising.
- MeSH
- Adrenergic beta-Agonists therapeutic use MeSH
- Atrophy etiology pathology therapy MeSH
- Clenbuterol therapeutic use MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Heart-Assist Devices adverse effects MeSH
- Heart Failure etiology pathology therapy MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
- Keywords
- Spiropent,
- MeSH
- Shivering MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Clenbuterol adverse effects therapeutic use toxicity MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of chronic administration of the ß-adrenoceptor agonist clenbuterol (2 mg/kg body weight/day for a period of 30 days) on the major contractile protein (myosin) in the left ventricular muscle of the adult mouse heart. Separation of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms on 7.5 % glycerol SDS-PAGE and subsequent quantification of the gels by laser densitometry showed a 6.5-fold increase in the ß-isoform of MHC in the clenbuterol-treated group. The ?: ß ratio of these two isoforms in the control group was 98.16±0.14 %: 1.83±0.14 %, whereas in the treated group it was 88.05±1.15 %: 11.95±1.15 %. Actomyosin ATPase activity assay demonstrated a significant (20 %) decline in ATPase activity of the tissue in the ß-agonist-treated group. These results suggest that chronic clenbuterol treatment is capable to induced the transformation of MHC isoforms increasing the slow ß-MHC isoform, which may contribute to the altered contractile mechanics of clenbuterol-treated hearts.
- MeSH
- Actomyosin chemistry isolation & purification MeSH
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left etiology drug therapy MeSH
- Research Support as Topic MeSH
- Body Mass Index MeSH
- Clenbuterol administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Myocardial Contraction radiation effects MeSH
- Mice metabolism growth & development MeSH
- Myosin Heavy Chains chemistry MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Mice metabolism growth & development MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Keywords
- PULMICORT, SPIROPENT, SINGULAIR, ZADITEN,
- MeSH
- Asthma diagnosis etiology drug therapy MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Leukotrienes administration & dosage pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Receptors, Leukotriene analogs & derivatives administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
