Subjective cognitive complaints
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BACKGROUND: Great effort has been put into developing simple and feasible tools capable to detect Alzheimer's disease (AD) in its early clinical stage. Spatial navigation impairment occurs very early in AD and is detectable even in the stage of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). OBJECTIVE: The aim was to describe the frequency of self-reported spatial navigation complaints in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), amnestic and non-amnestic MCI (aMCI, naMCI) and AD dementia and to assess whether a simple questionnaire based on these complaints may be used to detect early AD. METHOD: In total 184 subjects: patients with aMCI (n=61), naMCI (n=27), SCD (n=63), dementia due to AD (n=20) and normal controls (n=13) were recruited. The subjects underwent neuropsychological examination and were administered a questionnaire addressing spatial navigation complaints. Responses to the 15 items questionnaire were scaled into four categories (no, minor, moderate and major complaints). RESULTS: 55% of patients with aMCI, 64% with naMCI, 68% with SCD and 72% with AD complained about their spatial navigation. 38-61% of these complaints were moderate or major. Only 33% normal controls expressed complaints and none was ranked as moderate or major. The SCD, aMCI and AD dementia patients were more likely to express complaints than normal controls (p's<0.050) after adjusting for age, education, sex, depressive symptoms (OR for SCD=4.00, aMCI=3.90, AD dementia=7.02) or anxiety (OR for SCD=3.59, aMCI=3.64, AD dementia=6.41). CONCLUSION: Spatial navigation complaints are a frequent symptom not only in AD, but also in SCD and aMCI and can potentially be detected by a simple and inexpensive questionnaire.
- MeSH
- Alzheimerova nemoc epidemiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- kognitivní dysfunkce epidemiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neparametrická statistika MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- prostorová navigace fyziologie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- vnímání prostoru fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
BACKGROUND: Subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) may be an early marker of prodromal Alzheimer's disease. OBJECTIVES: Using a 10-item yes/no SCCs questionnaire (Le Questionnaire de Plainte Cognitive [QPC]), we evaluated the prevalence and distribution of SCCs in cognitively healthy Czech older adults and examined total score and specific QPC items in relation to depressive symptomology and cognitive performance. METHODS: A sample of 340 cognitively healthy older community-dwelling volunteers aged 60 or older from the third wave of the longitudinal project National Normative Study of Cognitive Determinants of Healthy Aging, who underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and completed the QPC and the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Regression analysis was controlled for age when GDS-15 was the outcome and for age and GDS-15 with cognitive domains as the outcome. RESULTS: 71% reported 1 + SCCs, with prevalence of individual complaints ranging from 4% to 40%. The number of SCCs was associated with GDS-15 (p < 0.001). Personality change (p < 0.001) and Limitation in daily activities (p = 0.002) were significantly associated with higher GDS-15 score and Spatial orientation difficulties (p = 0.019) and Impression of worse memory in comparison to peers (p = 0.012) were significantly associated with lower memory performance. CONCLUSIONS: We identified some cognitive complaints that were very common in our sample. Overall, a higher number of SCCs in well cognitively functioning individuals was most closely related to depressive symptomatology, while some specific complaints reflected lower memory performance and should be considered when screening for people at risk of cognitive decline.
- MeSH
- deprese epidemiologie patofyziologie psychologie MeSH
- kognitivní poruchy epidemiologie patofyziologie psychologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- osobnost MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- samostatný způsob života MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stárnutí psychologie MeSH
- záznam o duševním stavu MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) may represent an early cognitive marker of Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is a need to identify specific SCCs associated with an increased likelihood of underlying AD. OBJECTIVE: Using the Questionnaire of Cognitive Complaints (QPC), we evaluated the pattern of SCCs in a clinical sample of non-demented older adults in comparison to cognitively healthy community-dwelling volunteers (HV). METHODS: In total, 142 non-demented older adults from the Czech Brain Aging Study referred to two memory clinics for their SCCs were classified as having subjective cognitive decline (SCD, n = 85) or amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI, n = 57) based on a neuropsychological evaluation. Furthermore, 82 age-, education-, and gender-matched HV were recruited. All subjects completed the QPC assessing the presence of specific SCCs in the last six months. RESULTS: Both SCD and aMCI groups reported almost two times more SCCs than HV, but they did not differ from each other in the total QPC score. Impression of memory change and Impression of worse memory in comparison to peers were significantly more prevalent in both SCD and aMCI groups in comparison to HV; however, only the latter one was associated with lower cognitive performance. CONCLUSION: The pattern of QPC-SCCs reported by SCD individuals was more similar to aMCI individuals than to HV. A complaint about memory change seems unspecific to pathological aging whereas a complaint about worse memory in comparison to peers might be one of the promising items from QPC questionnaire potentially reflecting subtle cognitive changes.
- MeSH
- kognice fyziologie MeSH
- kognitivní dysfunkce psychologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- paměť fyziologie MeSH
- poruchy paměti psychologie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stárnutí psychologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: Subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) may represent an early cognitive marker of Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is a need to identify specific SCCs associated with an increased likelihood of underlying AD. OBJECTIVE: Using the Questionnaire of Cognitive Complaints (QPC), we evaluated the pattern of SCCs in a clinical sample of non-demented older adults in comparison to cognitively healthy community-dwelling volunteers (HV). METHODS: In total, 142 non-demented older adults from the Czech Brain Aging Study referred to two memory clinics for their SCCs were classified as having subjective cognitive decline (SCD, n = 85) or amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI, n = 57) based on a neuropsychological evaluation. Furthermore, 82 age-, education-, and gender-matched HV were recruited. All subjects completed the QPC assessing the presence of specific SCCs in the last six months. RESULTS: Both SCD and aMCI groups reported almost two times more SCCs than HV, but they did not differ from each other in the total QPC score. Impression of memory change and Impression of worse memory in comparison to peers were significantly more prevalent in both SCD and aMCI groups in comparison to HV; however, only the latter one was associated with lower cognitive performance. CONCLUSION: The pattern of QPC-SCCs reported by SCD individuals was more similar to aMCI individuals than to HV. A complaint about memory change seems unspecific to pathological aging whereas a complaint about worse memory in comparison to peers might be one of the promising items from QPC questionnaire potentially reflecting subtle cognitive changes.
- MeSH
- kognice fyziologie MeSH
- kognitivní dysfunkce psychologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- paměť fyziologie MeSH
- poruchy paměti psychologie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stárnutí psychologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Diagnostika mírné kognitivní poruchy a syndromu demence v posledních letech získává na důležitosti v souvislosti se stárnutím populace. Při určení hloubky kognitivní poruchy bez ohledu na její etiologii jsou platná diagnostická kritéria popisující syndrom mírné kognitivní poruchy (z anglického mild cognitive impairment MCI) a syndrom demence. V praktické diagnostice stále nacházejí svou roli screeningové metody. Jejich pomocí dokážeme s určitou pravděpodobnostní odhadnout kognitivní stav pacienta. V tomto článku bychom rádi představili zásady screeningového klinického vyšetření kognice a užitečnost vybraných nejrozšířenějších screeningových metod v České republice. Věnujeme se zásadám rozhovoru při kognitivním vyšetření a problematice subjektivních stížností na kognici. Za nejdostupnější a nejpoužívanější krátké screeningové metody v ČR považujeme Mini-Mental State Examination a Montrealský kognitivní test, pozornost věnujeme klinickému využití stále hojně v praxi zastoupeného Testu hodin a dalších krátkých kognitivních zkoušek.
Diagnosing mild cognitive impairment and dementia syndrome has been of increasing importance in recent years in association with population ageing. When determining the degree of cognitive impairment regardless of its aetiology, the diagnostic criteria describing the syndrome of mild cognitive impairment and the dementia syndrome are applicable. Screening methods still play a role in practical diagnosis. They can be used to assess the patient's cognitive status with a certain degree of probability. This article aims at presenting the principles of a clinical screening test for cognition and the utility of selected most widely spread screening methods in the Czech Republic. It deals with the principles of cognitive testing interview and the issue of subjective cognitive complaints. The Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment are considered to be the most commonly used and available screening methods in the Czech Republic. Attention is also paid to the clinical use of the still widely used Clock Drawing Test and other short cognitive tests.
Diagnostika mírné kognitivní poruchy a syndromu demence v posledních letech získává na důležitosti v souvislosti se stárnutím populace. Při určení hloubky kognitivní poruchy bez ohledu na její etiologii jsou platná diagnostická kritéria popisující syndrom mírné kognitivní poruchy (z anglického mild cognitive impairment MCI) a syndrom demence. V praktické diagnostice stále nacházejí svou roli screeningové metody. Jejich pomocí dokážeme s určitou pravděpodobnostní odhadnout kognitivní stav pacienta. V tomto článku bychom rádi představili zásady screeningového klinického vyšetření kognice a užitečnost vybraných nejrozšířenějších screeningových metod v České republice. Věnujeme se zásadám rozhovoru při kognitivním vyšetření a problematice subjektivních stížností na kognici. Za nejdostupnější a nejpoužívanější krátké screeningové metody v ČR považujeme Mini-Mental State Examination a Montrealský kognitivní test, pozornost věnujeme klinickému využití stále hojně v praxi zastoupeného Testu hodin a dalších krátkých kognitivních zkoušek.
Diagnosing mild cognitive impairment and dementia syndrome has been of increasing importance in recent years in association with population ageing. When determining the degree of cognitive impairment regardless of its aetiology, the diagnostic criteria describing the syndrome of mild cognitive impairment and the dementia syndrome are applicable. Screening methods still play a role in practical diagnosis. They can be used to assess the patient's cognitive status with a certain degree of probability. This article aims at presenting the principles of a clinical screening test for cognition and the utility of selected most widely spread screening methods in the Czech Republic. It deals with the principles of cognitive testing interview and the issue of subjective cognitive complaints. The Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment are considered to be the most commonly used and available screening methods in the Czech Republic. Attention is also paid to the clinical use of the still widely used Clock Drawing Test and other short cognitive tests.
INTRODUCTION: The evidence for characteristics of persons with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) associated with amyloid positivity is limited. METHODS: In 1640 persons with SCD from 20 Amyloid Biomarker Study cohort, we investigated the associations of SCD-specific characteristics (informant confirmation, domain-specific complaints, concerns, feelings of worse performance) demographics, setting, apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) ε4 carriership, and neuropsychiatric symptoms with amyloid positivity. RESULTS: Between cohorts, amyloid positivity in 70-year-olds varied from 10% to 76%. Only older age, clinical setting, and APOE ε4 carriership showed univariate associations with increased amyloid positivity. After adjusting for these, lower education was also associated with increased amyloid positivity. Only within a research setting, informant-confirmed complaints, memory complaints, attention/concentration complaints, and no depressive symptoms were associated with increased amyloid positivity. Feelings of worse performance were associated with less amyloid positivity at younger ages and more at older ages. DISCUSSION: Next to age, setting, and APOE ε4 carriership, SCD-specific characteristics may facilitate the identification of amyloid-positive individuals.
Se zvyšujícím se podílem stárnoucí populace přibývá starších osob s poruchami paměti a dalších kognitivních poruch. Proto článek přináší informace o kognitivních funkcích a jejich rychlém hodnocení. Dále objasňuje náplň a hodnocení soběstačnosti. Na základě míry postižení kognitivních funkcí a soběstačnosti je možné třídit kognitivní syndromy do tří kategorií: subjektivní stížnosti na poruchy paměti (normální kognitivní funkce), mírná kognitivní porucha (narušeny kognitivní funkce, nikoli soběstačnost) a demence (nesoběstačnost). Používání jednotné terminologie a sdílení metodik umožní lepší komunikaci mezi lékaři různých odborností a dalšími odborníky věnujícími se kognitivním poruchám.
The number of older people with memory disorders and other cognitive disorders increases as the aging population is growing. Therefore, the article provides information on cognitive functions and their brief evaluation. It also explains the content and evaluation of activities of daily living. Cognitive syndromes can be classified into three categories based on impairment of cognitive functions and activities of daily living: subjective memory complaints (normal cognitive functions), mild cognitive impairment (cognitive impairment, but not impairment in activities of daily living) and dementia (dependence on caregivers). The use of uniform terminology and sharing of instruments will allow better communication among physicians of different specialties and other experts in cognitive disorders.
- MeSH
- demence diagnóza MeSH
- funkční status MeSH
- kognitivní poruchy * diagnóza MeSH
- kognitivní stárnutí * psychologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- poruchy paměti diagnóza MeSH
- senioři psychologie MeSH
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři psychologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a risk factor for future cognitive impairment and dementia. It is uncertain whether the neurodegeneration of the cholinergic system is already present in SCD individuals. We aimed to review the current evidence about the association between SCD and biomarkers of degeneration in the cholinergic system. METHOD: Original articles were extracted from three databases: Pubmed, Web of Sciences, and Scopus, in January 2023. Two researchers screened the studies independently. RESULTS: A total of 11 research articles were selected. SCD was mostly based on amnestic cognitive complaints. Cholinergic system biomarkers included neuroimaging markers of basal forebrain volume, functional connectivity, transcranial magnetic stimulation, or biofluid. The evidence showed associations between basal forebrain atrophy, poorer connectivity of the cholinergic system, and SCD CONCLUSIONS: Degenerative changes in the cholinergic system can be present in SCD. Subjective complaints may help when identifying individuals with brain changes that are associated with cognitive impairment. These findings may have important implications in targeting individuals that may benefit from cholinergic-target treatments at very early stages of neurodegenerative diseases.
- MeSH
- Alzheimerova nemoc * MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- cholinergní látky MeSH
- kognitivní dysfunkce * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- neurozobrazování metody MeSH
- pars basalis telencephali * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
Cíl Cílem předkládané práce je zjistit, jakým způsobem je postižena prostorová paměť u pacientů s Alzheimerovou chorobou a zda je postižena i u pacientů s Mírnou kognitivní poruchou. Je zde srovnáván kvalitativní charakter tohoto postiže¬ ní. Soubor a metodika. Vyšetřili jsme prostorovou paměť u 15 dobrovolníků a 42 pacientů, kteří byh vyšetřeni standardním protokolem a rozděleni podle klinických kritérií a výsledku neuropsychologického vyšetření do čtyř skupin: Alzheimerova choroba (ACH), Subjektivní poruchy paměti (SPP), neamnestická Mírná kognitivní porucha (naMCI) a amnestická Mírná kognitivní porucha (aMCI). Prostorová kognice byla vyšetřena Testem skrytého cíle (HGT), který srovnává deficit prostorové paměti ve dvou rozdílných složkách - egocentrické a alocentrické. Reálná verze testu byla prováděna v experimentálním stanu Blue Velvet Arena (BVA) a virtuální verze, která je mapovou analogií reálné verze, byla prováděna na osobním počítači (PC). Výsledky. U pacientů s ACH jsme zjistili v reálné i virtuální verzi testu poruchu v egocentrické a alocentrické složce prostorové paměti (p<0,01). U pacientů s aMCI bylo v obou verzích testu přítomno kvalita¬ tivné stejné, jen kvantitativně méně vyjádřené postižení v egocentrické (p<0,01) a alocentrické (p<0,05) složce prostorové paměti. Pacienti s naMCI selhávali v přechodu z egocentrické na alocentrickou fázi ve virtuální verzi testu (p<0,05). Pacienti se SPP nebyli postiženi ani v jedné ze složek prostorové paměti. Závěry. Vyšetření prostorové kognice může být podkladem pro klasifikaci pacientů do skupin: ACH, aMCI, naMCI a SPP. Prokázali jsme, že v případě ACH a aMCI se jedná o kontinuum kvantitativně různě vyjádřeného deficitu stejné kvality.
Objective. The aim was to investigate the pattern of spatial memory impairment in patients with Alzheimer's disease, and to find whether or not the spatial memory is impaired in patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment. The qualitative and quantitative characters of impairment were compared. Subjects and Methods. Spatial memory was examined in 15 healthy volunteers and 42 patients, who had undergone a standard diagnostic procedure. These patients were subsequently classified according to clinical criteria and neuropsychological testing into four groups: Alzheimer's disease (AD), Subjective memory complaints (SMC), nonamnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (naMCI) and amnestie Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI). The Hidden Goal Task test was used to examine spatial memory. This test compares two types of spatial memory - egocentric and allocentric. A real version of the test was performed in an experimental tent Blue Velvet Arena (BVA), while a virtual version, which is the map analogy of the real version, was carried out on a personal computer (PC). Results. There was found an impairment in both egocentric and allocentric spatial memory (p<0.01) in patients with AD in the real as well as virtual versions of the test. Qualitatively similar, but quantitatively less profound impairment in egocentric (p<0.01) and allocentric (p<0.05) parts of spatial memory in both versions of the test was presented in patients with aMCI. Patients with naMCI were impaired in the transition from egocentric to allocentric virtual phase of the test (p<0.05). Subjects with SMC were not impaired in any part of spatial memory. Conclusions. The spatial memory examination can be used as the basis for patients' classification into the following groups: AD, aMCI, naMCI a SMC. Our experiments have proved that in the case of AD and aMCI it is a continuity of the same quality impairment but with quantitatively different expression.
