Oral health is important not only due to the diseases emerging in the oral cavity but also due to the direct relation to systemic health. Thus, early and accurate characterization of the oral health status is of utmost importance. There are several salivary biomarkers as candidates for gingivitis and periodontitis, which are major oral health threats, affecting the gums. These need to be verified and validated for their potential use as differentiators of health, gingivitis and periodontitis status, before they are translated to chair-side for diagnostics and personalized monitoring. We aimed to measure 10 candidates using high sensitivity ELISAs in a well-controlled cohort of 127 individuals from three groups: periodontitis (60), gingivitis (31) and healthy (36). The statistical approaches included univariate statistical tests, receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) with the corresponding Area Under the Curve (AUC) and Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis. The main outcomes were that the combination of multiple biomarker assays, rather than the use of single ones, can offer a predictive accuracy of > 90% for gingivitis versus health groups; and 100% for periodontitis versus health and periodontitis versus gingivitis groups. Furthermore, ratios of biomarkers MMP-8, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were also proven to be powerful differentiating values compared to the single biomarkers.

• MeSH
• Biomarkers metabolism   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay methods   MeSH
• Gingivitis diagnosis   metabolism   MeSH
• Cohort Studies MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 metabolism   MeSH
• Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 metabolism   MeSH
• Oral Health * MeSH
• Periodontitis diagnosis   metabolism   MeSH
• Area Under Curve MeSH
• Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
• ROC Curve MeSH
• Saliva metabolism   MeSH
• Case-Control Studies MeSH
• Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 metabolism   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Over the last few years, the electrospinning technique has attracted significant attention for the production of novel nanofibrous materials. At the same time, the use of graphene oxide and the natural products extracted from plants and/or trees have become very popular in various fields of science. In this work, a new method for the production of nanofibers based on a combination of Gum Arabic (GA), as a natural tree gum exudate, PVA, as an environmentally-friendly stabilizer, and graphene oxide (GO) has been developed and characterized. SEM analysis showed fundamental differences on the surface of bare nanofibers with and without GO, and also significantly smaller fiber diameters in the case of the presence of GO (fibers <100 nm present). Raman spectroscopy confirmed and TGA analysis approximated the content of GO in the nanofibers. Adsorption of methylene blue on the produced nanofibrous membrane was about 50% higher in the presence of GO, which opens the possibility to use GO/GA/PVA fibers in several applications, for example for the removal of dyes.

• MeSH
• Adsorption MeSH
• Gum Arabic chemistry   MeSH
• Water Pollutants, Chemical isolation & purification   MeSH
• Electrochemical Techniques MeSH
• Graphite chemistry   MeSH
• Kinetics MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Methylene Blue isolation & purification   MeSH
• Nanofibers chemistry   ultrastructure   MeSH
• Polyvinyls chemistry   MeSH
• Particle Size MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Lepidopteran silk is a complex assembly of proteins produced by a pair of highly specialized labial glands called silk glands. Silk composition has been examined only in a handful of species. Here we report on the analysis of silk gland-specific transcriptomes from three developmental stages of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, combined with proteomics, Edman microsequencing and northern blot analysis. In addition to the genes known earlier, we identified twenty seven candidate cDNAs predicted to encode secretory proteins, which may represent novel silk components. Eight were verified by proteomic analysis or microsequencing, and several others were confirmed by similarity with known silk genes and their expression patterns. Our results revealed that most candidates encode abundant secreted proteins produced by middle silk glands including ten sericins, two seroins, one or more mucins, and several sequences without apparent similarity to known proteins. We did not detect any novel PSG-specific protein, confirming that there are only three fibroin subunits. Our data not only show that the number of sericin genes in the greater wax moth is higher than in other species thus far examined, but also the total content of soluble proteins in silk is twice as high in G. mellonella than in B. mori or A. yamamai. Our data will serve as a foundation for future identification and evolutionary analysis of silk proteins in the Lepidoptera.

• MeSH
• Phylogeny MeSH
• Glycoproteins chemistry   genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Silk genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Insect Proteins chemistry   genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Larva genetics   growth & development   metabolism   MeSH
• Mucins chemistry   genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Moths genetics   growth & development   metabolism   MeSH
• Proteome * MeSH
• Amino Acid Sequence MeSH
• Base Sequence MeSH
• Sequence Alignment MeSH
• Sericins chemistry   genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Plants with anticancer properties are considered as cancer preventive and treatment sources, due to their some biological effects. Apoptosis induction and anti-proliferative effects of Baneh extract on various cancer cell lines have been reported. Hence, this study was designed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of this fruit on KB and human gingival fibroblast cell lines (HGF). KB and HGF cells were treated with various concentrations of ethanolic Baneh extract and cisplatin as positive control. Cytotoxic activity and apoptosis induction were investigated using WST-1 and Annexin V assays. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and student's t-tests. IC50 after 24 and 48 hours treatment were respectively 2.6 and 1 mg/mL for KB cell line, and 1.5 and 1.6 mg/mL for HGF cell. During 48 hours Baneh extract induced apoptosis without significant necrosis, in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The induction of apoptosis in KB cells was significantly higher than HGF. It seems that ethanolic extract of Baneh contains compounds that can suppress KB cell growth through the induction of apoptosis. Within 48 hours, less cytotoxic effects were observed on normal fibroblast cells; therefore, it might be a potential anticancer agent.

• MeSH
• Apoptosis drug effects   MeSH
• Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic pharmacology   MeSH
• Gingiva cytology   drug effects   pathology   MeSH
• KB Cells MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Uterine Cervical Neoplasms drug therapy   pathology   MeSH
• Pistacia chemistry   MeSH
• Cell Proliferation drug effects   MeSH
• Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic drug effects   MeSH
• Plant Extracts pharmacology   MeSH
• Carcinoma, Squamous Cell drug therapy   pathology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

The prospective uses of tree gum polysaccharides and their nanostructures in various aspects of food, water, energy, biotechnology, environment and medicine industries, have garnered a great deal of attention recently. In addition to extensive applications of tree gums in food, there are substantial non-food applications of these commercial gums, which have gained widespread attention due to their availability, structural diversity and remarkable properties as 'green' bio-based renewable materials. Tree gums are obtainable as natural polysaccharides from various tree genera possessing exceptional properties, including their renewable, biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic nature and their ability to undergo easy chemical modifications. This review focuses on non-food applications of several important commercially available gums (arabic, karaya, tragacanth, ghatti and kondagogu) for the greener synthesis and stabilization of metal/metal oxide NPs, production of electrospun fibers, environmental bioremediation, bio-catalysis, biosensors, coordination complexes of metal-hydrogels, and for antimicrobial and biomedical applications. Furthermore, polysaccharides acquired from botanical, seaweed, animal, and microbial origins are briefly compared with the characteristics of tree gum exudates.

• MeSH
• Anti-Infective Agents chemistry   metabolism   MeSH
• Biodegradation, Environmental MeSH
• Biomedical Technology MeSH
• Biosensing Techniques MeSH
• Hydrogels metabolism   MeSH
• Nanostructures MeSH
• Nanotechnology * MeSH
• Nanofibers chemistry   MeSH
• Polysaccharides metabolism   MeSH
• Prospective Studies MeSH
• Plant Exudates chemistry   metabolism   MeSH
• Plant Gums chemistry   metabolism   MeSH
• Trees chemistry   metabolism   MeSH
• Green Chemistry Technology MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH

• MeSH
• Histology MeSH

• Conspectus
• Anatomie člověka a srovnávací anatomie
• Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
• NML Fields
• histologie
• NML Publication type
• kolektivní monografie
• učebnice vysokých škol

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) causes numerous mild-to-serious human diseases, including mucocutaneous herpes infections and life-threatening herpes encephalitis. Moreover, herpes viral lesions can be complicated by inflammation and secondary bacterial infections. The development of resistance to antiviral drugs along with the undesirable side effects of these drugs are relevant argue for the development of new anti-HSV drugs with diverse mechanisms of action. Eucalyptus extracts have been used for decades to combat various infectious diseases. We isolated and studied 12 pure compounds and one mixture of two constitutional isomers from the leaves and twigs of E. globulus. The structures were identified by spectroscopic methods (NMR, HR-MS, IR) and all of them were tested for antiherpetic activity against the replication of antigen types HSV-1 and HSV-2. Tereticornate A (12) (IC50: 0.96 μg/mL; selectivity index CC50/IC50: 218.8) showed the strongest activity in the anti-HSV-1 assay, even greater than acyclovir (IC50: 1.92 μg/mL; selectivity index CC50/IC50: 109.4), a standard antiviral drug. Cypellocarpin C (5) (EC50: 0.73 μg/mL; selectivity index CC50/EC50: 287.7) showed the most potent anti-HSV-2 activity, also more intensive than acyclovir (EC50: 1.75 μg/mL; selectivity index CC50/EC50: 120.0). The antimicrobial activity of the isolated compounds was also evaluated against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the yeast Candida albicans. The anti-inflammatory potential was examined using LPS-stimulated THP-1-XBlue™-MD2-CD14 and THP-1 macrophages and focusing on the influences of the NF-κB/AP-1 activity and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α.

• MeSH
• Anti-Bacterial Agents chemistry   pharmacology   MeSH
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents chemistry   pharmacology   MeSH
• Anti-Infective Agents chemistry   pharmacology   MeSH
• Antioxidants metabolism   MeSH
• Antiviral Agents chemistry   pharmacology   MeSH
• Cell Line MeSH
• Chlorocebus aethiops MeSH
• Cytokines metabolism   MeSH
• Eucalyptus chemistry   MeSH
• Herpes Simplex metabolism   virology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• NF-kappa B metabolism   MeSH
• Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism   MeSH
• Plant Extracts chemistry   pharmacology   MeSH
• Simplexvirus drug effects   physiology   MeSH
• Transcription Factor AP-1 metabolism   MeSH
• Vero Cells MeSH
• Cell Survival drug effects   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Fytoterapie má nezastupitelnou roli v léčbě diabetes mellitus (DM) především pro svůj adjuvantní účinek, který může vést ke snížení spotřeby klasických farmak a oddálit nástup pozdních komplikací diabetu. Na trhu je dostupné velké množství fytoterapeutik, která jsou registrována jako léčiva nebo potravní doplňky. Cílem této práce je představit přehled vybraných rostlinných drog s prokázaným podpůrným terapeutickým účinkem se zaměřením na preklinické i klinické studie.

Phytotherapy has an irreplaceable role in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM), mainly because of its adjuvant effect, which can lead to a decrease in the consumption of classic drugs and delay the onset of late complications of diabetes. A large number of phytotherapeutics are available on the market and they are registered as pharmaceuticals or food supplements. The aim of this work is to present an overview of selected herbal drugs with proven supportive therapeutic effect, focusing on preclinical and clinical studies.

• MeSH
• Eucalyptus MeSH
• Phytotherapy MeSH
• Galega MeSH
• Gymnema sylvestre MeSH
• Hypoglycemic Agents MeSH
• Plants, Medicinal MeSH
• Momordica charantia MeSH
• Morus MeSH
• Nigella sativa MeSH

Despite its negative impacts on the environment and biodiversity, tree plantations can contribute to biodiversity conservation in fragmented landscapes, as they harbor many native species. In this study, we investigated the impact of Eucalyptus plantations on the taxonomic and functional diversity of ant communities, comparing ant communities sampled in managed and unmanaged (abandoned for 28 years) Eucalyptus plantations, and native Atlantic rain forests. Eucalyptus plantations, both managed and unmanaged, reduced the functional diversity and increased the similarity between ant communities leading to functional homogenization. While communities in managed plantations had the lowest values of both taxonomic and functional ant diversities, ant communities from unmanaged plantations had similar values of species richness, functional redundancy and Rao's Q compared to ant communities from forest patches (although functional richness was lower). In addition, communities in unmanaged Eucalyptus plantations were taxonomically and functionally more similar to communities located in managed plantations, indicating that Eucalyptus plantations have a severe long-term impact on ant communities. These results indicate that natural regeneration may mitigate the impact of Eucalyptus management, particularly regarding the functional structure of the community (α diversity), although it does not attenuate the effects of long term homogenization in community composition (β diversity).

• MeSH
• Biodiversity * MeSH
• Biological Variation, Population * MeSH
• Rainforest MeSH
• Eucalyptus parasitology   MeSH
• Ants classification   physiology   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Fytoterapie má nezastupitelnou roli v léčbě diabetes mellitus (DM) především pro svůj adjuvantní účinek, který může vést ke snížení spotřeby klasických farmak a oddálit nástup pozdních komplikací diabetu. Na trhu je dostupné velké množství fytoterapeutik, která jsou registrovaná jako léčiva nebo potravní doplňky. Cílem této práce je představit přehled vybraných rostlinných drog s prokázaným podpůrným terapeutickým účinkem se zaměřením na preklinické i klinické studie.

Phytotherapy has an irreplaceable role in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM), mainly because of its adjuvant effect, which can lead to a decrease in the consumption of classic drugs and delay the onset of late complications of diabetes. A large number of phytotherapeutics are available on the market and are registered as pharmaceuticals or food supplements. The aim of this work is to present an overview of selected herbal drugs with proven supportive therapeutic effect, focusing on preclinical and clinical studies.

• MeSH
• Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic MeSH
• Agrimonia MeSH
• Acacia MeSH
• Allium MeSH
• Aloe MeSH
• Gum Arabic therapeutic use   MeSH
• Garlic MeSH
• Diabetes Mellitus * drug therapy   MeSH
• Phytotherapy MeSH
• Hypoglycemic Agents pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Clinical Studies as Topic MeSH
• Plants, Medicinal * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Plant Extracts * pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Animals MeSH