Vegetation index
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Publikace se zaměřuje na roli tuků a mastných kyselin v potravinách a ve výživě. Určeno odborné i široké veřejnosti.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between characteristics of daily rainfall (intensity, duration, and frequency) and all cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality. DESIGN: Two stage time series analysis. SETTING: 645 locations across 34 countries or regions. POPULATION: Daily mortality data, comprising a total of 109 954 744 all cause, 31 164 161 cardiovascular, and 11 817 278 respiratory deaths from 1980 to 2020. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Association between daily mortality and rainfall events with return periods (the expected average time between occurrences of an extreme event of a certain magnitude) of one year, two years, and five years, with a 14 day lag period. A continuous relative intensity index was used to generate intensity-response curves to estimate mortality risks at a global scale. RESULTS: During the study period, a total of 50 913 rainfall events with a one year return period, 8362 events with a two year return period, and 3301 events with a five year return period were identified. A day of extreme rainfall with a five year return period was significantly associated with increased daily all cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality, with cumulative relative risks across 0-14 lag days of 1.08 (95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.11), 1.05 (1.02 to 1.08), and 1.29 (1.19 to 1.39), respectively. Rainfall events with a two year return period were associated with respiratory mortality only, whereas no significant associations were found for events with a one year return period. Non-linear analysis revealed protective effects (relative risk <1) with moderate-heavy rainfall events, shifting to adverse effects (relative risk >1) with extreme intensities. Additionally, mortality risks from extreme rainfall events appeared to be modified by climate type, baseline variability in rainfall, and vegetation coverage, whereas the moderating effects of population density and income level were not significant. Locations with lower variability of baseline rainfall or scarce vegetation coverage showed higher risks. CONCLUSION: Daily rainfall intensity is associated with varying health effects, with extreme events linked to an increasing relative risk for all cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality. The observed associations varied with local climate and urban infrastructure.
Background There is a scarcity of validated rapid dietary screening tools for patient use in the clinical setting to improve health and reduce cardiovascular risk. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015 measures compliance with the 2015 to 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans but requires completion of an extensive diet assessment to compute, which is time consuming and impractical. The authors hypothesize that a 19-item dietary survey assessing consumption of common food groups known to affect health will be correlated with the HEI-2015 assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire and can be further reduced without affecting validity. Methods and Results A 19-item Eating Assessment Tool (EAT) of common food groups was created through literature review and expert consensus. A cross-sectional survey was then conducted in adult participants from a preventive cardiology clinic or cardiac rehabilitation and in healthy volunteers (n=661, mean age, 36 years; 76% women). Participants completed an online 156-item food frequency questionnaire, which was used to calculate the HEI score using standard methods. The association between each EAT question and HEI group was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test. Linear regression models were subsequently used to identify univariable and multivariable predictors for HEI score for further reduction in the number of items. The final 9-item model of Mini-EAT was validated by 5-fold cross validation. The 19-item EAT had a strong correlation with the HEI score (r=0.73) and was subsequently reduced to the 9 items independently predictive of the HEI score: fruits, vegetables, whole grains, refined grains, fish or seafood, legumes/nuts/seeds, low-fat dairy, high-fat dairy, and sweets consumption, without affecting the predictive ability of the tool (r=0.71). Conclusions Mini-EAT is a 9-item validated brief dietary screener that correlates well with a comprehensive food frequency questionnaire. Future studies to test the Mini-EAT's validity in diverse populations and for development of clinical decision support systems to capture changes over time are needed.
- MeSH
- dieta * MeSH
- ovoce MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- zelenina * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
V primární prevenci nádorových onemocnění může hrát významnou roli úprava stravovacích zvyklostí. Ta zahrnuje nejen eliminaci rizikových složek potravy, ale také cílený výběr potravin s vysokým obsahem ochranných látek. Tyto ochranné látky jsou po stránce biochemické různorodé: patří mezi ně fenoly, organosírové sloučeniny, terpeny, polysacharidy atd. Jsou obsaženy například v ovoci, zelenině, luštěninách, jedlých houbách, celozrnných potravinách nebo v některých druzích koření. Mezi nejdiskutovanější patří sulforafan obsažený v brokolici a brokolicových klíčcích. Tato látka je zkoumána rovněž z hlediska možného potlačení kmenových buněk určitých typů nádorů. Na ochraně proti nádorovým onemocněním se podílí střevní mikroflóra a významné místo ve stravě tak má příjem fermentovaných potravin. Za dobře akceptovatelný model stravování v rámci primární prevence nádorových onemocnění je možno považovat tzv. středomořskou dietu.
The modification of eating habits can play an important role in the primary prevention of cancer. This includes not only the elimination of risky food components but also the targeted selection of foods with a high content of protective substances. These protective substances are biochemically diverse: they include phenols, organosulfur compounds, terpenes, polysaccharides, etc. They are contained, for example, in fruits, vegetables, legumes, edible mushrooms, whole grain foods or in some types of spices. Among the most discussed is sulforaphane which is present in broccoli and broccoli sprouts. This substance is also being investigated for its possible suppression of stem cells in certain types of tumors. Intestinal microflora is involved in the protection against cancer, and the consumption of fermented foods plays an important role in the diet. The so-called Mediterranean diet can be considered as a well-accepted diet model in the primary prevention of cancer.
- MeSH
- fyziologie výživy * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- primární prevence MeSH
- zdravá strava MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
OBJECTIVE: Crohn's disease (CD) can be associated with a wide range of extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs), including neurological ones. Published studies differ in their conclusions about the epidemiology and etiopathogenesis of neurological EIMs. The aims of this study were to demonstrate the presence and find risk factors of peripheral (somatic and autonomic) neuropathy patients with severe CD on anti-TNFα biological therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A clinical examination focusing on detection of peripheral sensor-motor nervous dysfunction (including Sudoscan) and examination of autonomic nervous system dysfunction (using Ewing ́s battery tests and spectral analysis) together with laboratory tests and collection of demographic data followed by administration of questionnaires were performed on a total of 30 neurologically asymptomatic outpatients with severe CD on anti-TNFα biological therapy. RESULTS: Peripheral sensor-motor nervous function via clinical neurological examination was pathological in 36.7% and Sudoscan in 33.3% of cases. Statistically significant associations between vibration perception test and age, CD and biological therapy duration, body mass index and Crohn's Disease Activity Index were proved while statistically significant associations between temperature perception test and age and BMI were proved as well. Additionally, a decrease of total protein in a patient ́s serum below the physiological cut-off in the 6 months prior to measurement was associated with a pathological result of a Sudoscan. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy based on Ewing ́s battery tests was present in 56.7% of patients, no statistically significant risk factors were found. Our peripheral neuropathy questionnaire correlated with the results of the Sudoscan test and some tests of the clinical examination of peripheral sensor-motor nervous function (discriminatory contact perception test, temperature perception test). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated a relatively high prevalence of peripheral (especially autonomic) neuropathy and verified some risk factors for the development of peripheral somatic neuropathy in asymptomatic patients with severe form of CD on anti-TNFα biological therapy.
- MeSH
- autonomní nervový systém MeSH
- biologická terapie MeSH
- Crohnova nemoc * farmakoterapie epidemiologie komplikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci autonomního nervového systému * MeSH
- nemoci periferního nervového systému * MeSH
- TNF-alfa terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Background: Nutrition an integral part of child growth and development.Aim: Comparison regarding mothers' knowledge and practice between blind and non-blind child.Patients and Methods: A case control study design of 120 mothers (40 mother of blind child and 80 mother of non-blind child). It was adopted in UmAl-Rbean Development Foundation for Blind and purblind during.Results: revealed that 108 (90%) agree that with food we can control most of our disease. Diet-disease relationship reported by mothers were obesity 92 (77%) and hypertension 66 (55%) with P-value 0.017. Mothers' knowledge regarded true fact (playing sport and eat and drink, and do not be extravagant were 120 (100%) and 76 (63.3%) respectively. Mothers reported that 72 (60%) of study sample eat protein twice a day, 92 (76.7%) eat carb frequently aday, 54 (45%) eat fat once a day, 68 (56.7%) eat fruit and vegetable twice a day. Drinking plenty of water seen among blind child 18 (45%) while drinking of water with meal seen among non-blind 66 (82.5%). Drinking of tea commonly among non-blind 72 (90%) and specially with meal 28 (38.9%).Conclusion: The study concluded that mothers of non-blind children more knowledgeable than mothers of blind children. Eating carb and fat twice a day commonly seen among blind child mean while eating protein and fruit and vegetable twice a day more prevalent among non- blind child.Recommendation: Exclusive education program to mother of blind child to improve their knowledge and enhance health practice toward their child nutrition.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- matky MeSH
- postižené děti MeSH
- přijímání potravy MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- zdravá strava * MeSH
- znalosti MeSH
- zrakově postižení * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Irák MeSH
Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) undergoes a prolonged period of fetal and neonatal development and maturation during which is vulnerable to a variety of influences (e.g. painful experiences). Thus, we aimed to evaluate SNS activity at rest and in response to stressful stimulus (pain) within the earliest postnatal life in healthy term neonates using electrodermal activity (EDA) measures. In twenty eutrophic healthy term neonates EDA was recorded within the first two hours after birth (measurement 1 - M1) and 72 h after birth (measurement 2 - M2) at rest and in response to pain (M1 - intramuscular K vitamin administration; M2 - heel stick). Evaluated parameters were skin conductance level (SCL), non-specific skin conductance responses (NS.SCRs), skin SCL 10 s before pain stimulus (SCL_10 before pain), skin conductance response (SCR) peak after pain stimulus, SCL 10 s after pain stimulus (SCL_10 after pain), SCR magnitude, latency, SCR rise/decline time, SCR half recovery time. SCL was significantly decreased at rest during M2 compared to M1 (p=0.010). SCL_10 before pain, SCR peak after pain, and SCL_10 after pain stimulus were significantly decreased in M2 compared to M1 (p=0.014, p=0.020, p=0.011, respectively). SCL was significantly decreased and NS.SCRs were significantly higher in the recovery period after the pain stimulus during M2 compared to M1 (p=0.015, p=0.032, respectively). Our results indicate EDA parameters sensitive to detect sympathetic changes during the earliest postnatal life reflecting its potential in early diagnosis of the autonomic maturation - linked pathological states in neonates.
- MeSH
- autonomní nervový systém MeSH
- bolest diagnóza MeSH
- galvanická kožní odpověď * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- reakční čas MeSH
- sympatický nervový systém * fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Impaired autonomic modulation and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) have been reported during and after COVID-19. Both impairments are associated with negative cardiovascular outcomes. If these impairments were to exist undetected in young men after COVID-19, they could lead to negative cardiovascular outcomes. Fatigue is associated with autonomic dysfunction during and after COVID-19. It is unclear if fatigue can be used as an indicator of impaired autonomic modulation and BRS after COVID-19. This study aims to compare parasympathetic modulation, sympathetic modulation, and BRS between young men who had COVID-19 versus controls and to determine if fatigue is associated with impaired autonomic modulation and BRS. Parasympathetic modulation as the high-frequency power of R-R intervals (lnHFR-R), sympathetic modulation as the low-frequency power of systolic blood pressure variability (LFSBP), and BRS as the -index were measured by power spectral density analysis. These variables were compared between 20 young men who had COVID-19 and 24 controls. Independent t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests indicated no significant difference between the COVID-19 and the control group in: lnHFR-R, P=0.20; LFSBP, P=0.11, and -index, P=0.20. Fatigue was not associated with impaired autonomic modulation or BRS. There is no difference in autonomic modulations or BRS between young men who had COVID-19 compared to controls. Fatigue did not seem to be associated with impaired autonomic modulation or impaired BRS in young men after COVID-19. Findings suggest that young men might not be at increased cardiovascular risk from COVID-19-related dysautonomia and impaired BRS.
- MeSH
- autonomní nervový systém MeSH
- baroreflex fyziologie MeSH
- COVID-19 * MeSH
- kardiovaskulární systém * MeSH
- krevní tlak fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- srdeční frekvence fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Mobile wireless communication technologies have now become an everyday part of our lives, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Monitoring the autonomous system under exposition to electromagnetic fields may play an important role in broading of our still limited knowledge on their effect on human body. Thus, we studied the interaction of the high frequency electromagnetic field (HF EMF) with living body and its effect on the autonomic control of heart rate using Heart Rate Variability (HRV) linear and nonlinear analyses in healthy volunteers. A group of young healthy probands (n=30, age mean: 24.2 ± 3.5 years) without any symptoms of disease was exposed to EMF with f=2400 MHz (Wi Fi), and f=2600 MHz (4G) for 5 minutes applied on the chest area. The short-term heart rate variability (HRV) metrics were used as an indicator of complex cardiac autonomic control. The evaluated HRV parameters: RR interval (ms), high frequency spectral power (HF-HRV in [ln(ms2)]) as an index of cardiovagal control, and a symbolic dynamic index of 0V %, indicating cardiac sympathetic activity. The cardiac-linked parasympathetic index HF-HRV was significantly reduced (p =0.036) and sympathetically mediated HRV index 0V % was significantly higher (p=0.002) during EMF exposure at 2400 MHz (Wi-Fi), compared to simulated 4G frequency 2600 MHz. No significant differences were found in the RR intervals. Our results revealed a shift in cardiac autonomic regulation towards sympathetic overactivity and parasympathetic underactivity indexed by HRV parameters during EMF exposure in young healthy persons. It seems that HF EMF exposure results in abnormal complex cardiac autonomic regulatory integrity which may be associated with higher risk of later cardiovascular complications already in healthy probands.
- MeSH
- autonomní nervový systém MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- elektromagnetická pole * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- rizikové faktory kardiovaskulárních chorob MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
