A rapid warming in Himalayas is predicted to increase plant upper distributional limits, vegetation cover and abundance of species adapted to warmer climate. We explored these predictions in NW Himalayas, by revisiting uppermost plant populations after ten years (2003-2013), detailed monitoring of vegetation changes in permanent plots (2009-2012), and age analysis of plants growing from 5500 to 6150 m. Plant traits and microclimate variables were recorded to explain observed vegetation changes. The elevation limits of several species shifted up to 6150 m, about 150 vertical meters above the limit of continuous plant distribution. The plant age analysis corroborated the hypothesis of warming-driven uphill migration. However, the impact of warming interacts with increasing precipitation and physical disturbance. The extreme summer snowfall event in 2010 is likely responsible for substantial decrease in plant cover in both alpine and subnival vegetation and compositional shift towards species preferring wetter habitats. Simultaneous increase in summer temperature and precipitation caused rapid snow melt and, coupled with frequent night frosts, generated multiple freeze-thaw cycles detrimental to subnival plants. Our results suggest that plant species responses to ongoing climate change will not be unidirectional upward range shifts but rather multi-dimensional, species-specific and spatially variable.
- MeSH
- Biodiversity MeSH
- Climate Change * MeSH
- Population Dynamics * MeSH
- Plants classification MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- India MeSH
Plant functional traits underlie vegetation responses to environmental changes such as global warming, and consequently influence ecosystem processes. While most of the existing studies focus on the effect of warming only on species diversity and productivity, we further investigated (i) how the structure of community plant functional traits in temperate grasslands respond to experimental warming, and (ii) whether species and functional diversity contribute to a greater stability of grasslands, in terms of vegetation composition and productivity. Intact vegetation turves were extracted from temperate subalpine grassland (highland) in the Eastern Pyrenees and transplanted into a warm continental, experimental site in Lleida, in Western Catalonia (lowland). The impacts of simulated warming on plant production and diversity, functional trait structure, and vegetation compositional stability were assessed. We observed an increase in biomass and a reduction in species and functional diversity under short-term warming. The functional structure of the grassland communities changed significantly, in terms of functional diversity and community-weighted means (CWM) for several traits. Acquisitive and fast-growing species with higher SLA, early flowering, erect growth habit, and rhizomatous strategy became dominant in the lowland. Productivity was significantly positively related to species, and to a lower extent, functional diversity, but productivity and stability after warming were more dependent on trait composition (CWM) than on diversity. The turves with more acquisitive species before warming changed less in composition after warming. Results suggest that (i) the short-term warming can lead to the dominance of acquisitive fast growing species over conservative species, thus reducing species richness, and (ii) the functional traits structure in grassland communities had a greater influence on the productivity and stability of the community under short-term warming, compared to diversity effects. In summary, short-term climate warming can greatly alter vegetation functional structure and its relation to productivity.
Infekční endokarditida (IE) je závažné onemocnění s vysokou morbiditou a mortalitou. Častější je u pacientů se strukturální patologií srdce. IE nejčastěji postihuje srdeční chlopně, patologický proces může vzniknout i na nástěnném endokardu nebo na cizích tělesech, která jsou v srdci umístěna. U dětí se strukturálně normálním srdcem patří mezi rizikové skupiny pro vznik IE jedinci s malignitami, nezralí novorozenci, pacienti se zavedeným centrálním žilním katetrem, děti s extrakardiálními strukturálními malformacemi nebo genetickými syndromy a mladí narkomani. Jedno z rizik je embolizace části vegetace do dalších orgánových systémů. Vznik IE je možný i na normálním srdci a bez rizikových faktorů v anamnéze. V kazuistice je demonstrována infekční endokarditida tříletého zdravého dítěte s významnou embolizací do mozku.
Infective endocarditis with embolization of vegetation into the central nervous system Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious disease with high morbidity and mortality. It is more common in patients with structural pathology of the heart. IE most often affects the heart valves, the pathological process also can affect the wall endocardium or artificial material in the heart. In children with a structurally normal heart, individuals with malignancies, immature neonates, patients with an implanted central venous catheter, children with extracardiac structural malformations or genetic syndromes, and young drug addicts are at risk for developing IE. One of the risks is the embolization of part of the vegetation into other organ systems. IE is possible even in a normal heart and without a history of risk factors. The case report demonstrates the infective endocarditis of a three-year-old healthy child with significant embolization into the brain.
- MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use MeSH
- Echocardiography methods MeSH
- Embolism etiology therapy MeSH
- Endocarditis * diagnosis drug therapy MeSH
- Clinical Laboratory Techniques MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods MeSH
- Mitral Valve microbiology pathology MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Treatment Outcome MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
Přístrojové vyšetřovací metody jako pozitronová emisní tomografie, funkční magnetická rezonance, elektroencefalografie a měření evokovaných potenciálů přináší mnohé informace, prospěšné pro diferenciální diagnostiku a stanovení prognózy pacientů ve vegetativním stavu. Zároveň tak umožňují lépe porozumět způsobu fungování mozku pacientů ve vegetativním stavu.
Instrumental methods of investigation, such as positron emission tomography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography and evoked potential measurement, yield a lot of information useful for differential diagnosis and for determining the prognosis of patients in a vegetative state. Consequently, they also allow for a better understanding of how the brain of a patient in a vegetative state works.
- Keywords
- cerebrální metabolizmus, funkční magnetická rezonanc,
- MeSH
- Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
- Electroencephalography MeSH
- Evoked Potentials MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging MeSH
- Brain metabolism MeSH
- Persistent Vegetative State diagnosis MeSH
- Positron-Emission Tomography MeSH
- Prognosis MeSH
- Diffusion Tensor Imaging MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
Papilární fibroelastomy (PFE) jsou benigní nádory srdce s vysokým embolizačním potenciálem, které obvykle vycházejí ze srdečních chlopní. Popisujeme případ 34leté ženy s progredující dyspnoe a únavou. Transthorakální echokardiografie prokázala stopkatý, homogenní echo-denzní a vysoce mobilní útvar přirostlý k trojcípé chlopni. Vzhledem k velikosti útvaru a jeho mobilitě byla u pacientky stanovena diagnóza srdečního PFE a u pacientky byla následně indikována jeho resekce.
Papillary fibroelastomas (PFEs) are benign cardiac tumors with high embolic tendency, and usually originate from the cardiac valve. We report the case of a 34-year-old woman who experienced progressive dyspnea and fatigue. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a pediculated, homogenous echo-dense, and highly mobile mass attached to the tricuspid valve. The patient was diagnosed with cardiac PFE because of its size and mobility, and surgical resection was scheduled.
- MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods MeSH
- Heart Neoplasms * surgery diagnosis MeSH
- Tricuspid Valve pathology MeSH
- Treatment Outcome MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
- MeSH
- Mental Competency MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods utilization MeSH
- Persistent Vegetative State psychology MeSH
- Dreams MeSH
- Awareness MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
Chronické poruchy vedomia sú novodobý fenomén. Rozpoznanie prvých známok kontaktu s okolím u pacienta po období kómy je kľúčovým momentom z hľadiska prístupu pacienta k rozšíreným možnostiam liečby a rehabilitácie aj nadviazania efektívneho kontaktu s okolím; býva tiež dôležitým prognostickým znakom. Oproti tradičnej definícii apalického syndrómu alebo pojmu bdelá kóma sú súčasné západné označenia deskriptívnejšie a presnejšie. V posledných rokoch sa vyvinuli nové metódy, ktoré umožňujú exaktnejšie skúmať poruchy mozgu. Väčšina z nich sa však používa experimentálne a nie sú dostupné v klinickej praxi, čo zvýhodňuje klinické testovanie s použitím každodenných predmetov. Vyšetrenie behaviorálnych odpovedí je tiež štandardom pre porovnanie výsledkov zistených ďalšími vyšetrovacími metódami. V našej práci predkladáme pohľad na naše vnímanie pacienta s poruchou vedomia a prehľad súčasných možností identifikácie jeho organického substrátu.
Chronic disorders of consciousness are a modern phenomenon. Recognising first behavioural signs of contact with the patient´s environment after coma plays a key role in the patient`s access to extended treatment and rehabilitation, as well as in establish;ing an effective contact with the environment; it is also considered to be an important prognostic sign. Current western terms in comparison with traditional definition of apallic syndrome or the term coma vigile are more descriptive and precise. In recent years, new methods of assessment, which enable more exact evaluation of brain disorders were established. However, most of them remain experimental and lack clinical availability, which favours clinical testing using daily objects. Behavioural response assment is the standard to compare results obtained with other methods of assment. In our work, we present our view on our perception of a patient with a disorder of consciousness and an overview of current options in identifying the underlying organic substrate.
- Keywords
- stav bdění bez odpovědi,
- MeSH
- Akinetic Mutism diagnosis MeSH
- Chronic Disease MeSH
- Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures MeSH
- Electroencephalography methods MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods MeSH
- Persistent Vegetative State * MeSH
- Consciousness Disorders * diagnosis MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
Neurosurgery, ISSN 0148-396X vol. 65, no. 4, suppl., October 2009
234 s. : il., tab. ; 28 cm
- MeSH
- Autonomic Nervous System surgery MeSH
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods utilization MeSH
- Neurosurgery history methods trends MeSH
- Publication type
- Collected Work MeSH
- Conspectus
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NML Fields
- neurochirurgie
- About
- Kline, David G Authority
Golf je specifickým sportem, při němž jsou krátké fyzické akce kombinující sílu a přesnost proloženy delšími pauzami vhodnými k reflexi a plánování. Moderní funkčně zobrazovací a neurofyziologické techniky nám poskytly zajímavé informace o činnosti mozku a autonomního nervového systému při špičkovém expertním výkonu v tomto sportu. Elitní výkon profesionálů je doprovázen specifickou dynamickou rovnováhou při aktivaci motorických a nemotorických struktur mozku. Zatímco neurofyziologický výzkum nabízí vodítka ke zvýšení sportovní výkonnosti v golfu, golf může naopak být motivujícím prostředkem k rehabilitaci neurologických pacientů.
Golf is a specific sport, involving brief physical acts combining strength and precision interleaved with much longer pauses suitable for reflection and planning. Modern functional imaging and neurophysiological techniques have generated interesting information on brain and autonomic nervous system activity during top expert performance in this sport. Elite performance of professionals is supported by specific dynamic balance in participation of motor and non-motor structures of the brain. Whereas neurophysiological research provides leads to increased golf performance, the sport itself may, on the other hand, offer a motivating medium for rehabilitation of neurological patients.
- Keywords
- motorické plánování,
- MeSH
- Autonomic Nervous System * physiology MeSH
- Electroencephalography MeSH
- Golf * physiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging MeSH
- Motor Skills physiology MeSH
- Brain * physiology MeSH
- Cerebral Cortex physiology MeSH
- Attention physiology MeSH
- Psychomotor Performance physiology MeSH
- Intention MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
