N-(3-Phenylprop-2-yn-1-yl)-sulfonamides derived from serine and threonine were synthesized using solid-phase synthesis and subjected to reaction with trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf). In contrast to the previously reported formation of 1,4-oxazepanes, this reaction afforded pyrrolidin-3-ones. A mechanistic explanation for this unexpected outcome is proposed, and the limitations and scope of the rearrangement are outlined.
- MeSH
- epitel anatomie a histologie MeSH
- epitelové buňky MeSH
- oocyty cytologie růst a vývoj ultrastruktura MeSH
- Orthoptera anatomie a histologie cytologie MeSH
- ovariální folikul cytologie MeSH
- ovarium anatomie a histologie MeSH
- vejcovody u zvířat anatomie a histologie cytologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Significant correlations exist between the ability of root-nodule bacteria to fix molecular nitrogen and some of their properties (accumulation of riboflavin, cobalamine, ATP, cell pyrolysis, effect on plant vegetation characteristics) which can be used for quickly assessing the activity of the process in individual strains of rhizobia.
- MeSH
- adenosintrifosfát biosyntéza MeSH
- bakteriologické techniky MeSH
- dusík metabolismus MeSH
- kultivační techniky metody MeSH
- nitrogenasa metabolismus MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- Rhizobium metabolismus MeSH
- riboflavin biosyntéza MeSH
- rostliny mikrobiologie MeSH
- symbióza MeSH
- vitamin B 12 biosyntéza MeSH
- vysoká teplota MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The Non-invasive Micro-test Technique (NMT) is used to measure dynamic changes of specific ions/molecules non-invasively, but information about hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) fluxes in different classes of roots by mycorrhiza is scarce in terms of NMT. Effects of Funneliformis mosseae on plant growth, H2O2, superoxide radical (O2·-), malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, and H2O2 fluxes in the taproot (TR) and lateral roots (LRs) of trifoliate orange seedlings under well-watered (WW) and drought stress (DS) conditions were studied. DS strongly inhibited mycorrhizal colonization in the TR and LRs, whereas mycorrhizal inoculation significantly promoted plant growth and biomass production. H2O2, O2·-, and MDA concentrations in leaves and roots were dramatically lower in mycorrhizal seedlings than in non-mycorrhizal seedlings under DS. Compared with non-mycorrhizal seedlings, mycorrhizal seedlings had relatively higher net root H2O2 effluxes in the TR and LRs especially under WW, as well as significantly higher total root H2O2 effluxes in the TR and LRs under WW and DS. Total root H2O2 effluxes were significantly positively correlated with root colonization but negatively with root H2O2 and MDA concentrations. It suggested that mycorrhizas induces more H2O2 effluxes of the TR and LRs, thus, alleviating oxidative damage of DS in the host plant.
- MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- fyziologický stres * MeSH
- lineární modely MeSH
- malondialdehyd metabolismus MeSH
- mykorhiza růst a vývoj fyziologie MeSH
- období sucha * MeSH
- peroxid vodíku metabolismus MeSH
- počet mikrobiálních kolonií MeSH
- Poncirus mikrobiologie fyziologie MeSH
- superoxidy metabolismus MeSH
- voda metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: In phylogenetically diverse organisms, the 5' ends of a subset of mRNAs are trans-spliced with a spliced leader (SL) RNA. The functions of SL trans-splicing, however, remain largely enigmatic. RESULTS: We quantified translation genome-wide in the marine chordate, Oikopleura dioica, under inhibition of mTOR, a central growth regulator. Translation of trans-spliced TOP mRNAs was suppressed, consistent with a role of the SL sequence in nutrient-dependent translational control of growth-related mRNAs. Under crowded, nutrient-limiting conditions, O. dioica continued to filter-feed, but arrested growth until favorable conditions returned. Upon release from unfavorable conditions, initial recovery was independent of nutrient-responsive, trans-spliced genes, suggesting animal density sensing as a first trigger for resumption of development. CONCLUSION: Our results are consistent with a proposed role of trans-splicing in the coordinated translational down-regulation of nutrient-responsive genes under growth-limiting conditions.
- MeSH
- Caenorhabditis elegans genetika růst a vývoj MeSH
- genetická transkripce * MeSH
- messenger RNA chemie metabolismus MeSH
- nukleotidové motivy MeSH
- oocyty metabolismus MeSH
- proteosyntéza * MeSH
- regulace genové exprese * MeSH
- savci genetika MeSH
- TOR serin-threoninkinasy antagonisté a inhibitory metabolismus MeSH
- trans-splicing * MeSH
- Urochordata genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri ('Xac'), is an important quarantine disease in citrus crops. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form symbiotic interactions with host plants and further affect their disease resistance, possibly by modulating the activity of salicylic acid (SA), a key phytohormone in disease resistance. Common mycorrhizal networks (CMNs) can interconnect plants, but it is not yet clear whether CMNs promote resistance to citrus canker and, if so, whether SA signaling is involved in this process. To test this possibility, we used a two-chambered rootbox to establish CMNs between trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings in chambers inoculated (treated) or not (neighboring) with the AMF, Paraglomus occultum. A subset of the AMF-inoculated seedlings were also inoculated with Xac (+AMF+Xac). At 2 d post-inoculation (dpi), compared with the +AMF-Xac treatment, neighboring seedlings in +AMF+Xac treatment had lower expression levels of the SA biosynthetic genes, PtPAL, PtEPS1, and PtPBS3, but higher SA levels, which attributed to the upregulation of PtPAL and PtPBS3 in treated seedlings and the transfer of SA, via CMNs, to the neighboring seedlings. At 4 dpi, the pathogenesis-related (PR) protein genes, PtPR1, PtPR4, and PtPR5, and the transcriptional regulatory factor gene, PtNPR1, were activated in neighboring seedlings of +AMF+Xac treatment. At 9 dpi, root phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and total soluble phenol and lignin concentrations increased in neighboring seedlings of +AMF+Xac treatment, likely due to the linkage and signal transfer, via CMNs. These findings support the hypothesis that CMNs transfer the SA signal from infected to neighboring healthy seedlings, to activate defense responses and affording protection to neighboring plants against citrus canker infection.
AIMS: The goal of the study was to examine the prognostic impact, haemodynamic and clinical features associated with lung congestion in patients with chronic heart failure (HF). METHODS AND RESULTS: HF patients (n = 186) and HF-free controls (n = 21) underwent right heart catheterization, echocardiography, pulmonary function testing and chest radiography that was blindly scored for the presence and severity of lung oedema. Lung congestion correlated directly with pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR, P = 0.004) and inversely with pulmonary artery (PA) compliance (P < 0.001) and the diffusion limit for carbon monoxide (DLCO , P = 0.009). Compared with dry lung HF, wet lung HF patients (congestion score > median) had 25% lower PA compliance and 25-35% higher PVR, transpulmonary gradients and PA pressures (40 vs. 32 mmHg, P < 0.001) despite marginally higher PA wedge pressure (PAWP; 22 vs. 19 mmHg, P = 0.002). Wet lung HF patients displayed more right ventricular (RV) dilatation and dysfunction, more restrictive ventilation and greater reduction of DLCO . The strongest correlates of lung congestion were NT-proBNP, haemoglobin, albumin, and glomerular filtration, all surpassing PAWP. After a median of 333 days (interquartile range 80-875), 59 patients (32%) died. Lung congestion was associated with reduced survival (P < 0.0001), even after adjusting for PAWP, NT-proBNP, anaemia, CAD and renal dysfunction. CONCLUSION: Interstitial lung oedema is associated with pulmonary vascular disease, RV overload and dysfunction and increased mortality in HF. These data reinforce the importance of aggressive decongestion in HF and suggest that novel agents aimed at reducing lung water may help to deter progression of pulmonary vascular disease and biventricular HF.
- MeSH
- analýza přežití MeSH
- cévní rezistence * MeSH
- dysfunkce pravé srdeční komory patofyziologie MeSH
- echokardiografie metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- plíce radiografie MeSH
- plicní edém * krev diagnóza etiologie mortalita patofyziologie MeSH
- plicní hypertenze * diagnóza etiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- respirační funkční testy metody MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- srdeční katetrizace metody MeSH
- srdeční selhání * komplikace diagnóza patofyziologie MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Spojené státy americké MeSH
Chasmogenus Sharp, 1882 is a relatively small genus of 43 described species of aquatic beetles assigned to the subfamily Acidocerinae of Hydrophilidae (Hansen 1999; Short & Hebauer 2006; Short & Fikáček 2011, 2013; Clarkson & Ferreira-Jr. 2014). It is distributed in all zoogeographic regions except the Nearctic, with the highest species richness known from the Afrotropical (18 spp.) and Neotropical (15 spp.) Regions. Only four species have been described from the Oriental Region: C. abnormalis (Sharp, 1890), C. rubricollis (Régimbart, 1903), C. larsi Hebauer, 1995, and C. cattienus Hebauer, 2002. Of these, only C. abnormalis was recorded multiple times after its description.
- MeSH
- brouci anatomie a histologie klasifikace fyziologie MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- rozšíření zvířat fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Indie MeSH
