assisted migration
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Migration of parasitic worms through the host tissues, which may occasionally result in fatal damage to the internal organs, represents one of the major risks associated with helminthoses. In order to track the parasites, traditionally used 2D imaging techniques such as histology or squash preparation do not always provide sufficient data to describe worm location/behavior in the host. On the other hand, 3D imaging methods are widely used in cell biology, medical radiology, osteology or cancer research, but their use in parasitological research is currently occasional. Thus, we aimed at the evaluation of suitability of selected 3D methods to monitor migration of the neuropathogenic avian schistosome Trichobilharzia regenti in extracted spinal cord of experimental vertebrate hosts. All investigated methods, two of them based on tracking of fluorescently stained larvae with or without previous chemical clearing of tissue and one based on X-ray micro-CT, exhibit certain limits for in vivo observation. Nevertheless, our study shows that the tested methods as ultramicroscopy (used for the first time in parasitology) and micro-CT represent promising tool for precise analyzing of parasite larvae in the CNS. Synthesis of these 3D imaging techniques can provide more comprehensive look at the course of infection, host immune response and pathology caused by migrating parasites within entire tissue samples, which would not be possible with traditional approaches.
- MeSH
- infekce červy třídy Trematoda veterinární MeSH
- larva MeSH
- nemoci zvířat diagnóza parazitologie MeSH
- obratlovci MeSH
- protozoární infekce centrálního nervového systému veterinární MeSH
- Schistosomatidae * MeSH
- zobrazování trojrozměrné metody MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Úvod: Migrace síťky je jednou z nejméně častých komplikací plastiky tříselné kýly se síťkou. Bylo publikováno jen několik malých sestav pacientů s anamnézou migrace síťky. Plné porozumění léčbě této komplikace je limitováno nedostatkem dat. Většina pacientů z publikovaných sestav byla léčena chirurgicky. V tomto článku bychom rádi prezentovali naši zkušenost s pokusem o endoskopickou léčbu této komplikace. Kazuistika: Pacient podstoupil transabdominální preperitoneální plastiku tříselné kýly v roce 1999. O čtyři roky později podstoupil reoperaci stejnou metodou pro recidivu tříselné kýly. Po dvaceti letech po primární operaci měl pacient pozitivní test na okultní krvácení ve stolici. Subjektivně byl zcela asymptomatický. Kolonoskopicky byla zjištěna přítomnost migrované síťky v colon sigmoideum. Navzdory opakovaným pokusům o odstranění síťky endoskopicky byla tato forma terapie neúspěšná. Migrovaná síťka musela být extrahována chirurgicky a byla provedena resekce sigmatu. Kromě infekce rány (komplikace IIIb dle Clavien-Dindo) byl pooperační průběh nekomplikovaný. Závěr: V tomto případě se nepodařilo endoskopicky odstranit síťku migrovanou do colon sigmoideum. Navzdory naší negativní zkušenosti se domníváme, že má smysl se pokusit síťku migrovanou do dutého intraabdominálního orgánu odstranit endoskopicky.
Introduction: Mesh migration is one of the least common complications that arise after inguinal hernia repair with a mesh. Only small case series have been reported, and an understanding of this issue is limited due to a lack of data. Most of the cases were treated surgically. In this paper, we wish to present the potential of treating this condition using endoscopic techniques. Case report: A male patient underwent transabdominal preperitoneal repair of a primary inguinal hernia in 1999. In 2003, the patient required the same procedure for a recurrent inguinal hernia. Twenty years after the primary hernia repair, the patient had a positive faecal occult blood test but was completely asymptomatic. A colonoscopy revealed mesh migration into the sigmoid colon. Despite multiple attempts to remove the mesh endoscopically, endoscopic treatment was unsuccessful. The migrated mesh was surgically removed and obligatory resection of the sigmoid colon was carried out. Apart from wound infection (Clavien-Dindo IIIb), the postoperative course was uneventful. Conclusion: In our case, the mesh that had penetrated the colon could not be removed endoscopically. Despite our experience, it is advisable to attempt endoscopic removal of mesh that has migrated into a hollow intra-abdominal viscus.
- MeSH
- chirurgické síťky MeSH
- colon sigmoideum * chirurgie patologie MeSH
- inguinální hernie * chirurgie MeSH
- laparoskopie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- migrace cizích těles * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- pooperační komplikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Fusion of cervical spine in kyphotic alignment has been proven to produce an acceleration of degenerative changes at adjacent levels. Stand-alone cages are reported to have a relatively high incidence of implant subsidence with secondary kyphotic deformity. This malalignment may theoretically lead to adjacent segment disease in the long term. The prospective study analysed possible risk factors leading to cage subsidence with resulting sagittal malalignment of cervical spine. Radiographic data of 100 consecutive patients with compressive radiculo-/myelopathy due to degenerative disc prolapse or osteophyte formation were prospectively collected in those who were treated by anterior cervical discectomy and implantation of single type interbody fusion cage. One hundred and forty four implants were inserted altogether at one or two levels as stand-alone cervical spacers without any bone graft or graft substitute. All patients underwent standard anterior cervical discectomy and the interbody implants were placed under fluoroscopy guidance. Plain radiographs were obtained on postoperative days one and three to verify position of the implant. Clinical and radiographic follow-up data were obtained at 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months and than annually in outpatient clinic. Radiographs were evaluated with respect to existing subsidence of implants. Subsidence was defined as more than 2 mm reduction in segmental height due to implant migration into the adjacent end-plates. Groups of subsided and non-subsided implants were statistically compared with respect to spacer distance to the anterior rim of vertebral body, spacer versus end-plate surface ratio, amount of bone removed from adjacent vertebral bodies during decompression and pre- versus immediate postoperative intervertebral space height ratio. There were 18 (18%) patients with 19 (13.2%) subsided cages in total. No patients experienced any symptoms. At 2 years, there was no radiographic evidence of accelerated adjacent segment degeneration. All cases of subsidence occurred at the anterior portion of the implant: 17 cases into the inferior vertebra, 1 into the superior and 1 into both vertebral bodies. In most cases, the process of implant settling started during the perioperative period and its progression did not exceed three postoperative months. There was an 8.7 degrees average loss of segmental lordosis (measured by Cobb angle). Average distance of subsided intervertebral implants from anterior vertebral rim was found to be 2.59 mm, while that of non-subsided was only 0.82 mm (P < 0.001). Spacer versus end-plate surface ratio was significantly smaller in subsided implants (P < 0.001). Ratio of pre- and immediate postoperative height of the intervertebral space did not show significant difference between the two groups (i.e. subsided cages were not in overdistracted segments). Similarly, comparison of pre- and postoperative amount of bone mass in both adjacent vertebral bodies did not show a significant difference. Appropriate implant selection and placement appear to be the key factors influencing cage subsidence and secondary kyphotisation of box-shaped, stand-alone cages in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Mechanical support of the implant by cortical bone of the anterior osteophyte and maximal cage to end-plate surface ratio seem to be crucial in the prevention of postoperative loss of lordosis. Our results were not able to reflect the importance of end-plate integrity maintenance; the authors would, however, caution against mechanical end-plate damage. Intraoperative overdistraction was not shown to be a significant risk factor in this study. The significance of implant subsidence in acceleration of degenerative changes in adjacent segments remains to be evaluated during a longer follow-up.
- MeSH
- analýza selhání vybavení MeSH
- diskektomie metody MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fúze páteře metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- krční obratle chirurgie radiografie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ortopedické fixační pomůcky škodlivé účinky MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- selhání protézy MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- zakřivení páteře etiologie chirurgie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
A new kind of flow gating interface (FGI) has been designed for online connection of CE with flow-through analytical techniques. The sample is injected into the separation capillary from a space from which the BGE was forced out by compressed air. A drop of sample solution with a volume of 75 nL is formed between the outlet of the delivery capillary supplying the solution from the flow-through apparatus and the entrance to the CE capillary; the sample is hydrodynamically injected into the CE capillary from this drop. The sample is not mixed with the surrounding BGE solution during injection. The functioning of the proposed FGI is fully automated and the individual steps of the injection process are controlled by a computer. The injection sequence lasts several seconds and thus permits performance of rapid sequential analyses of the collected sample. FGI was tested for the separation of equimolar 50 μM mixture of the inorganic cations K+ , Ba2+ , Na+ , Mg2+ , and Li+ in 50 mM acetic acid/20 mM Tris (pH 4.5) as BGE. The obtained RSD values for the migration times varied in the range 0.7-1.0% and the values for the peak area were 0.7-1.4%; RSD were determined for ten repeated measurements.
Dickeya and Pectobacterium species represent an important group of broad-host-range phytopathogens responsible for blackleg and soft rot diseases on numerous plants including many economically important plants. Although these species are commonly detected using cultural, serological, and molecular methods, these methods are sometimes insufficient to classify the bacteria correctly. On that account, this study was undertaken to investigate the feasibility of three individual analytical techniques, capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), for reliable classification of Dickeya and Pectobacterium species. Forty-three strains, representing different Dickeya and Pectobacterium species, namely Dickeya dianthicola, Dickeya dadantii, Dickeya dieffenbachiae, Dickeya chrysanthemi, Dickeya zeae, Dickeya paradisiaca, Dickeya solani, Pectobacterium carotovorum, and Pectobacterium atrosepticum, were selected for this purpose. Furthermore, the selected bacteria included one strain which could not be classified using traditional microbiological methods. Characterization of the bacteria was based on different pI values (CIEF), migration velocities (CZE), or specific mass fingerprints (MALDI-TOF MS) of intact cells. All the examined strains, including the undetermined bacterium, were characterized and classified correctly into respective species. MALDI-TOF MS provided the most reliable results in this respect.
- MeSH
- elektroforéza kapilární metody MeSH
- Enterobacteriaceae chemie klasifikace izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Pectobacterium chemie klasifikace izolace a purifikace MeSH
- spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice metody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Electrode migration is the most common complication of spinal cord stimulation (SCS). The problem of longitudinal migration has already been solved, but lateral migration remains the most common current complication. The present article describes new electrodes fixation opportunities for the reduction of lateral migration in SCS. The pig was chosen as an animal model to illustrate a new protocol of electrode fixation for the control of lateral and longitudinal migration. The displacement of the electrode was measured using two different optical methods: the digital image stereo-correlation and the digital image processing methods. Fixation with two anchors has always considerably reduced electrode displacement and when fixation is done with two anchors and a loop then lateral migration is reduced by 62.5 % and longitudinal migration is reduced by 94.1 %. It was shown that the results are significantly different at the alpha=0.001 significance level. Based on a statistical evaluation it is possible to state that the differences between experimental results obtained for three different protocols of lead fixation are statistically significant and we can recommend the new fixation method for common practice.
- MeSH
- implantované elektrody normy MeSH
- migrace cizích těles diagnóza prevence a kontrola MeSH
- modely u zvířat * MeSH
- počítačové zpracování obrazu metody MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
