Classifying a measurable clinical outcome as a dichotomous variable often involves difficulty with borderline cases that could fairly be assigned either of the two binary class memberships. In such situations the indicated class membership is often highly subjective and subject to, for instance, a measurement error. In other situations the intermediate level of a three-level ordinal factor may sometimes be explicitly reserved for cases which could likely belong to either of the two binary classes. Such indefinite readings are often eliminated from the statistical analysis. In this article we review conceptual and methodological aspects of employing proportional odds logistic regression for a three level ordinal factor as a suitable alternative to ordinary logistic regression when dealing with limited uncertainty in classifying clinical outcome as a binary variable. Copyright 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

• MeSH
• ateroskleróza ultrasonografie   MeSH
• cholesterol krev   MeSH
• interpretace statistických dat * MeSH
• kouření MeSH
• krevní glukóza metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• logistické modely * MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• statistické modely * MeSH
• vápník krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

This study aimed to explore the factors influencing outcomes in men's UEFA Championship matches. The sample comprised 201 UEFA Championship games, and the primary objective was to identify key components significantly associated with success in the UEFA Champions League through logistic regression analysis. The game outcome was treated as the dependent variable in a Binary Logistic Regression (Forward: LR Method). Logistic regression, a statistical technique assessing the relationship between variables, employed predictor variables as covariates, with calculations of β, standard error β, and Wald’s χ2. Model evaluation involved the likelihood ratio test, Cox & Snell (R2), and Nagelkerke (R2) tests, while the fit of the models to the data was assessed using the Hosmer & Lemeshow test. The analysis revealed six variables linked to winning matches. The study highlights a significant correlation between crucial variables and success in UEFA Champions League matches. Players and coaches can gain valuable insights into essential elements contributing to victory in this prestigious championship.

The preorbital gland plays not only an olfactory role in cervids but also a visual one. Opening this gland is an easy way for the calf to communicate with the mother, indicating hunger/satiety, stress, pain, fear, or excitement. This information can be also useful for farm operators to assess how fast the calves habituate to handling routines and to detect those calves that do not habituate and may suffer chronic stress in the future. Thirty-one calves were subjected to 2 consecutive experiments to clarify if observing preorbital gland opening is related to habituation to handling in red deer calves (Cervus elaphus). Calves were born in 3 different paddocks, handled as newborns (Exp. 1), and then subjected to the same routine handling but with different periodicity: every 1, 2, or 3 wk (Exp. 2). In Exp. 1, preorbital gland opening was recorded in newborns during an initial handling (including weighing, ear tagging, and sex determination). Preorbital gland opening occurred in 93% of calves during this procedure and was not affected by sex, time since birth, or birth weight. Experiment 2 consisted of measuring preorbital opening during the same routine handling (weighing, blood sampling, and rump touching to assess body condition) when calves were 1, 3, and 5 mo old. Binary logistic regression showed that gland opening was associated with habituation to handling, since at 1 and 3 mo the probability of opening the gland decreased with the number of handlings that a calf experienced before (P = 0.008 and P = 0.028, respectively). However, there were no further changes in preorbital gland opening rate in the 5-mo-old calves (P = 0.182). The significant influence of the number of previous handlings on the probability of opening the preorbital gland was confirmed through generalized linear model with repeated measures (P = 0.007). Preorbital gland opening decreased along the phases of the study. Nevertheless, we found a significant trend in individuals to keep similar opening patterns (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.807, P < 0.001), which suggests that the more stressed individuals can be detected with this method. Therefore, we conclude that preorbital gland opening during routine handlings is related to the number of previous handlings, and thus it can be used as an indicator of lack of habituation to handling in farmed cervids.

• MeSH
• habituace (psychofyziologie) fyziologie   MeSH
• handling (psychologie) * MeSH
• komunikace zvířat * MeSH
• lineární modely MeSH
• logistické modely MeSH
• slzné ústrojí fyziologie   MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• vysoká zvěř fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Although obesity is a multifactorial disorder caused by various behavioural, genetic and environmental influences, early life factors affecting certain critical periods during childhood (prenatal period, adiposity rebound period at 3-5 years and around 5-7 years, as well as puberty) are important in promoting obesity in adulthood. The objective was to determine the association between the birth weight, birth length, breastfeeding and time of introduction of complementary food with obesity among 302 healthy Caucasian children 6-7 years old. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess the impact of a number of perinatal and socioeconomic confounding factors on the likelihood for overweight and obesity among children. The level of significance was set at p <0.05. Our findings indicate that duration of breastfeeding for at least 3 months, with introduction of complementary food after the age of 6 months have an important role in preventing obesity. This findings are crucial for planning preventive strategies to prevent further increases in the prevalence of overweight and obesity.

• MeSH
• běloši MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• kojení * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• logistické modely MeSH
• obezita dětí a dospívajících etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

AIM: The purpose of this study was to asses the impact of haemostatic and platelet receptor gene polymorphisms as an inherited risk factor for premature onset of myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS: Polymorphisms of platelet receptors - GP Ia (807C>T, rs1126643), GP VI (13254T>C, rs1613662), GP IIIa (HPA-1, rs5918), PAR -1 (IVS -14A>T; rs168753), P2Y(12) (34C>T, rs6785930 and H1/H2 haplotype, rs2046934), and genetic variations of the gene coding for cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) ( -842A>G, rs10306114 and 50C>T, rs3842787) were investigated. Mutations in the genes coding for coagulation factor V (Q506R (Leiden) mutation, rs6025) and factor II (prothrombin G20210A, rs1799963) were also determined. The prevalence of gene polymorphisms was investigated in 105 consecutive patients with premature MI. This was compared with the same gene polymorphism prevalence in a group of 132 patients in which coronary artery disease had been excluded. Genotyping was done using PCR, followed by melting curve analysis with specific fluorescent hybridization probes. RESULTS: A significant association between GP VI 13254C allele carriers and premature MI was found (p=0.025). No other differences in prevalence of the investigated polymorphisms between the compared patient populations reached statistical significance. In a logistic regression, which took other cardiovascular risk factors into account, the significance of the GP VI 13254C allele and vascular risk was suggested (OR 1.888, 95% C.I. 1.029 to 3.464, p=0.040). In a binary logistic regression the positive relationship between the GP VI genotype and female gender was observed (0R 3.676; 95% C.I. 1.159 to 11.628; p=0.027). The frequencies of GP VI and GP Ia gene polymorphisms were independent of one another (p=0.836). CONCLUSION: The presence of the GP VI 13254C allele is an independent predictor of premature MI.

• MeSH
• alely MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• frekvence genu MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• glykoproteiny membrány trombocytů analýza   genetika   MeSH
• infarkt myokardu genetika   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• logistické modely MeSH
• polymorfismus genetický MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The US shows a distinct health disadvantage when compared to other high-income nations. A potential lever to reduce this disadvantage is to improve the health situation of lower socioeconomic groups. Our objective is to explore how the considerable within-US variation in health inequalities compares to the health inequalities across other Western countries. METHODS: Representative survey data from 44 European countries and the US federal states were obtained from the fourth wave of the European Values Study (EVS) and the 2008 wave of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Using binary logistic regression, we analyze different forms of educational inequalities in self-rated health (SRH), adjusted for age and sex. RESULTS: The extent of educational inequalities in SRH varies considerably over European countries and US states; with US states in general showing greater inequality, however, differences between US states and European countries are less clear than commonly assumed. CONCLUSIONS: The US has considerable differences in educational inequalities in SRH across geographic locations. To understand the reasons for the US health disadvantage, comparative research has to take into account the vast variation in health inequalities within the US.

• MeSH
• Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System MeSH
• disparity zdravotního stavu * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• logistické modely MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stupeň vzdělání * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa epidemiologie   MeSH
• Spojené státy americké epidemiologie   MeSH

BACKGROUND: Oral health strongly affects overall health and is related to many factors. The aim of our study was to analyse oral health related behaviours (OHRBs) and gum bleeding among Slovak adolescents and assess the effect of socioeconomic factors on the outcomes. METHODS: Data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (HBSC) were used (N = 8896, age range = 10-16 years, M = 13.4; SD = 1.4; 50.9% boys). Sociodemographic and socioeconomic indicators and frequency of OHRBs (dental hygiene, toothbrush changing, preventive check-up) and gum bleeding were collected. Effects of sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables on outcome variables were analysed by binary logistic regression. RESULTS: We found that prevalence of OHRBs slightly decreases with age, and worse outcomes were reported by boys compared to girls (OHRB odds ratio range 0.45-0.75, (95% C.I. range 0.40-0.91), gum bleeding 1.38 (95% C.I. 1.19-1.61), p < 0.05). OHRBs were in most cases significantly associated with socioeconomic variables, lower affluence predicts worse outcomes (odds ratio range 0.76-0.88 (95% C.I. range 0.68-0.96), p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study provides representative findings on ORHBs in Slovakia and shows important associations of socioeconomic factors related to adolescents' oral health issues.

• MeSH
• chování mladistvých MeSH
• čištění zubů * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• logistické modely MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• odds ratio MeSH
• orální hygiena statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• orální zdraví * MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• školy MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• společenská třída MeSH
• zdravé chování * MeSH
• zpráva o sobě * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the differences between non-excessive, moderately excessive, and highly excessive internet use among adolescents. These differences were explored in terms of personal characteristics, psychological difficulties, environmental factors, and manner of internet use. METHODS: A representative sample was investigated, consisting of 18,709 adolescents aged 11-16 and their parents, from 25 European countries. Excessive internet use was measured using a five item scale covering following factors: salience, conflict, tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, and relapse and reinstatement. The main data analysis utilised multinomial and binary logistic regression models. RESULTS: The vast majority of respondents reported no signs of excessive internet use. Moderately excessive users (4.4%) reported higher emotional and behavioural difficulties, but also more sophisticated digital skills and a broader range of online activities. The highly excessive users (1.4%) differed from the non-excessive and moderately excessive users in their preference for online games and in having more difficulties with self-control. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents who struggle with attention and self-control and who are inclined toward online gaming may be especially vulnerable to the otherwise uncommon phenomenon of excessive internet use.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• chování mladistvých psychologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• duševní zdraví * MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• internet využití   MeSH
• interval spolehlivosti MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• logistické modely MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• multivariační analýza MeSH
• návykové chování * MeSH
• odds ratio MeSH
• pozornost fyziologie   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• sebepojetí MeSH
• videohry statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

There is lack of knowledge about the safety of treatment with methadone and buprenorphine as part of opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to examine neonatal outcomes concerning the use of OMT during pregnancy. We used nationwide registry linkages from the Czech Republic (2000-2014) and Norway (2004-2013). We compared prenatally OMT-exposed newborns with (a) newborns of women hospitalized with opioid use disorder during pregnancy in the Czech sample and (b) newborns with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in Norway. We performed multivariate linear and binary logistic regression exploring the associations between OMT and neonatal outcomes (growth parameters, gestational age, fetal death, small for gestational age, Apgar score, and NAS). Regression coefficients (b) and odds ratios (ORs) were estimated. The cohorts consisted of 333 Czech, and 235 Norwegian OMT-exposed newborns, and 106 and 294 newborns in the comparison groups, respectively. In both countries, the neonatal growth parameters were similar in the OMT and the comparison groups. In Norway, OMT exposure prolonged gestational age (adjusted b = 0.96 weeks, 95% confidence interval [CI] =0.39-1.53) while the odds of preterm birth and Apgar score at 5 minutes were lower than in the comparison group (adjusted OR = 0.35, 0.16-0.75 and aOR = 0.21, 0.06-0.78, respectively). Newborns of women in OMT had similar growth parameters as newborns of women with opioid use disorders who were not in OMT during pregnancy. Overall, our findings do not suggest that OMT results in worse neonatal outcomes.

• MeSH
• buprenorfin terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• komplikace těhotenství farmakoterapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• logistické modely MeSH
• methadon terapeutické užití   MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• novorozenecký abstinenční syndrom epidemiologie   MeSH
• opiátová substituční terapie MeSH
• poruchy spojené s užíváním opiátů farmakoterapie   MeSH
• registrace MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• vývoj dítěte MeSH
• zpožděný efekt prenatální expozice epidemiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Norsko MeSH

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) is recommended to opioid-dependent females during pregnancy. However, it is not clear which medication should be preferred. We aimed to compare neonatal outcomes after prenatal exposure to methadone (M) and buprenorphine (B) in two European countries. DESIGN: Nation-wide register-based cohort study using personalized IDs assigned to all citizens for data linkage. SETTING: The Czech Republic (2000-14) and Norway (2004-13). [Correction added after online publication on 26 April 2018: The Czech Republic (2000-04) corrected to (2000-14).] PARTICIPANTS: Opioid-dependent pregnant Czech (n = 333) and Norwegian (n = 235) women in OMT who received either B or M during pregnancy and their newborns. MEASUREMENTS: We linked data from health registries to identify the neonatal outcomes: gestational age, preterm birth, birth weight, length and head circumference, small for gestational age, miscarriages and stillbirth, neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) and Apgar score. We performed multivariate linear regression and binary logistic regression to explore the associations between M and B exposure and outcomes. Regression coefficient (β) and odds ratio (OR) were computed. FINDINGS: Most neonatal outcomes were more favourable after exposure to B compared with M, but none of the differences was statistically significant. For instance, in the multivariate analysis, birth weight was β = 111.6 g [95% confidence interval (CI) = -10.5 to 233.6 and β = 83.1 g, 95% CI = -100.8 to 267.0] higher after B exposure in the Czech Republic and Norway, respectively. Adjusted OR of NAS for B compared with M was 0.94 (95% CI = 0.46-1.92) in the Norwegian cohort. CONCLUSIONS: Two national cohorts of women receiving opioid maintenance treatment during pregnancy showed small but not statistically significant differences in neonatal outcomes in favour of buprenorphine compared with methadone.

• MeSH
• Apgar skóre MeSH
• buprenorfin terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• gestační stáří MeSH
• hypotrofický novorozenec MeSH
• komplikace těhotenství farmakoterapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lineární modely MeSH
• logistické modely MeSH
• methadon terapeutické užití   MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• narození mrtvého plodu epidemiologie   MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• novorozenecký abstinenční syndrom epidemiologie   MeSH
• opiátová substituční terapie metody   MeSH
• opioidní analgetika terapeutické užití   MeSH
• poruchy spojené s užíváním opiátů farmakoterapie   MeSH
• předčasný porod epidemiologie   MeSH
• registrace MeSH
• samovolný potrat epidemiologie   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• výsledek těhotenství epidemiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Norsko MeSH