• MeSH
• játra enzymologie   MeSH
• ledviny enzymologie   MeSH
• oxygenasy se smíšenou funkcí MeSH
• steroidy MeSH

Data on the efficacy and safety of long-term vitamin D supplementation in chronic kidney disease (CKD) are scarce. We assessed the effects of the 12-month vitamin D(3) treatment on mineral metabolism and calciotropic hormones in patients with CKD stages 2-4. METHODS: Eighty-seven patients (mean age 66 years, men/women 33/54) were randomized to cholecalciferol treatment with either 5,000 or 20,000 IU/week. Serum calcium, phosphate, 25(OH)D(3), 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), PTH and urinary mineral concentrations were obtained at baseline and after 4, 8 and 12 months. RESULTS: The median serum mineral concentrations were normal and not changed throughout the study. The number of hypercalciuric patients slightly increased with higher dose, but no sustained rise in calciuria was present. Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency was revealed in 72 (83%) patients at baseline and 37 (43%) at month 12. The 25(OH)D(3) levels increased more with higher dose; a rise in 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) was less impressive. The parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations were reduced, but the number of subjects with PTH below the lower limit for CKD stage 3 increased equally with both doses. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency in CKD significantly improved after the 12-month cholecalciferol treatment, with higher dose being more effective and equally safe. Further studies of vitamin D(3) effects on bone metabolism are warranted. Copyright 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel.

• MeSH
• cholekalciferol aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• chronická nemoc MeSH
• hormony MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• minerály krev   metabolismus   moč   MeSH
• nedostatek vitaminu D farmakoterapie   MeSH
• nemoci ledvin farmakoterapie   MeSH
• potravní doplňky MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

BACKGROUND: Traditionally, secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) due to low calcitriol synthesis in failing kidneys has been treated with synthetic vitamin D receptor (VDR) activators. Recently, also the importance of low native vitamin D status beyond the issue of SHPT has been recognized in these patients. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of cholecalciferol supplementation in haemodialysis patients with low vitamin D serum levels. Another aim was to evaluate dual vitamin D therapy (cholecalciferol supplementation plus paricalcitol) in haemodialysis patients with vitamin D deficiency and concomitant SHPT. METHODS: Ninety clinically stable maintenance haemodialysis patients were included. Supervised cholecalciferol supplementation was administered due to low vitamin D status. Patients with SHPT were also treated with synthetic VDR activator. Two pre hoc subgroups for statistical analysis were formed: patients treated solely with cholecalciferol (N=34; 5,000 IU once weekly) and patients treated with a combination of cholecalciferol (identical dose, i.e. 5,000 IU/week) plus paricalcitol (N=34, median dose 10 μg/week). Follow-up visit was scheduled 15 weeks later. Serum concentrations of calcidiol (25-D), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and beta-cross laps (CTX) were assessed at baseline and at follow-up. Serum calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were monitored monthly. Only non-calcium gastrointestinal phosphate binders were administered. Dialysate calcium was 1.5 mmol/L in all patients, and no oral calcium-containing preparations were prescribed. Depending on data distribution, parametric or nonparametric statistical methods were used for comparison within each group (i.e. baseline vs. follow-up data) as well as between groups. RESULTS: In the whole group of 90 patients, mean baseline 25-D serum level was 20.3 (standard deviation 8.7) nmol/L, and it increased to 66.8 (19) nmol/L (p<0.0001) after supplementation. In both preformed subgroups, the effect of vitamin D supplementation was almost identical. In cholecalciferol monotherapy, 25-D levels increased from 18.4 (8.2) to 68.6 (21.2) and in dual vitamin D therapy from 18.4 (5.0) to 67.6 (17.7) nmol/L (both p<0.0001). In addition, both treatment modalities decreased serum PTH levels importantly: from 21.7 (interquartile range 17.3; 35.4) to 18.1 pmol/L (15.3; 24.7) in monotherapy (p=0.05) and from 38.6 (31.8; 53.3) to 33.9 pmol/L (26.1; 47.5) in dual vitamin D therapy (p=0.01). Serum calcium, phosphate, ALP and CTX did not change. We have not observed any episode of hypercalcemia in any subject during the whole period of follow-up. At baseline, slightly lower 25-D levels were observed in diabetic than in non-diabetic patients. This difference disappeared after substitution. Vitamin D status and its changes were not related to the patient's age. CONCLUSION: Low 25-D levels were very common in haemodialysis patients. They were safely and effectively corrected with supervised low-dose cholecalciferol supplementation. In patients with higher baseline PTH levels, dual vitamin D therapy (cholecalciferol plus paricalcitol) was safely and effectively used.

• MeSH
• alkalická fosfatasa krev   MeSH
• cholekalciferol aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• chronické selhání ledvin komplikace   terapie   MeSH
• dialýza ledvin MeSH
• ergokalciferoly terapeutické užití   MeSH
• fosfáty krev   MeSH
• inhibitory kostní resorpce terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kalcifediol krev   MeSH
• kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nedostatek vitaminu D krev   komplikace   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• parathormon krev   MeSH
• potravní doplňky MeSH
• receptory kalcitriolu agonisté   MeSH
• sekundární hyperparatyreóza krev   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• vápník krev   MeSH
• vitaminy aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• krevní proteiny MeSH
• transportní proteiny MeSH

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D can be one of the candidate substances that are used as additional supplementation in the treatment of anxiety-related disorders in women with estrogen imbalance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of chronic cholecalciferol administration (1.0, 2.5 or 5.0 mg/kg/day, s.c.) on the anxiety-like behavior and monoamines levels in the rat hippocampus following ovariectomy in female rats. Cholecalciferol was given to ovariectomized (OVX) rats and OVX rats treated with 17β-estradiol (17β-E2, 0.5 μg/rat, s.c.). The anxiety-like behavior was assessed in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and the light-dark tests (LDT), locomotor and grooming activities were assessed in the open-field test (OFT). RESULTS: Cholecalciferol in high doses alone or in combination with 17β-E2-induced anxiolytic-like effects in OVX and OVX rats treated with 17β-E2 as evidenced in the EPM and LDT tests, and increased grooming activity in the OFT test. We found that DA and 5-HT levels increased while 5-HT turnover in the hippocampus decreased in these groups of OVX rats. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that cholecalciferol in high doses has a marked anxiolytic-like effect due to an increase in the monoamines levels in the experimental rat model of estrogen deficiency.

• MeSH
• analýza rozptylu MeSH
• cholekalciferol farmakologie   MeSH
• chování zvířat účinky léků   MeSH
• estradiol farmakologie   MeSH
• estrogeny nedostatek   MeSH
• karenční nemoci farmakoterapie   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• náhodné rozdělení MeSH
• ovarektomie metody   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• referenční hodnoty MeSH
• rozvrh dávkování léků MeSH
• úzkost farmakoterapie   etiologie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

High incidence of infertility along with low vitamin D levels was detected in otherwise healthy young men. The aim is to observe the effect of vitamin D supplementation on semen parameters as assessed by semen analysis in infertile men. In total, 45 men (mean age 36.6 years) in consecutive order were included, of whom 34 finished the study. Subjects were supplemented by vitamin D (cholecalciferol) 2500 IU/day. Vitamin D levels were assessed by HPLC. Semen analysis was performed strictly following 2010 WHO guidelines. Study periods were baseline and month 6. During follow-up, 20 %, 7.4 %, 22 % and 0.7 % increase in serum vitamin D levels, progressive sperm motility, sperm concentration and sperm morphology, respectively, were observed (all p<0.05). At follow-up end, 9 patients (26 %) reached normal sperm parameters of whom 2 fertilized their partner. There was no correlation between vitamin D and semen parameters observed. This study proves that vitamin D supplementation is possibly a modulator of sperm parameters in vitamin D deficient, otherwise healthy men. Although a direct relationship between vitamin D and sperm parameters was not observed obtaining adequate vitamin D levels could likely play a role in the male factor of infertility.

• MeSH
• cholekalciferol farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužská infertilita dietoterapie   MeSH
• potravní doplňky MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• sperma účinky léků   MeSH
• spermie účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are associated with altered bone health and increased risk for fractures. Vitamin D deficiency is frequently found in IBD; however, the effect of vitamin D supplementation on bone health of children with IBD is poorly understood. We aimed to observe the changes in volumetric bone density and dynamic muscle functions after vitamin D substitution in a cohort of pediatric patients with IBD. METHODS: This was a prospective observational study of 55 patients (aged 5-19 years) with IBD. Bone quality was assessed using peripheral quantitative computed tomography and muscle functions by jumping mechanography at baseline and after a median of 13.8 (interquartile range, 12.0-16.0) months of daily substitution of 2000 IU of cholecalciferol. RESULTS: Median serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D increased from 58 nmol/L at the baseline visit to 85 nmol/L at the last follow-up visit (P < 0.001); no signs of overdose were reported. The Z-scores of trabecular bone mineral density, cortical bone cross-sectional area, and maximal muscle power improved significantly during the follow-up period (+0.5, P = 0.001, +0.3, P = 0.002 and +0.5, P = 0.002, respectively). Cholecalciferol substitution was positively associated with trabecular bone mineral density and maximal muscle power (estimates 0.26, 95% confidence interval 0.14-0.37, P < 0.0001 and 0.60, 95% confidence interval 0.32-0.85, P < 0.0001, respectively) but not with the Strength-Strain Index or maximal muscle force (Fmax). CONCLUSIONS: We observed an improvement in bone and muscle parameters after cholecalciferol substitution in pediatric patients with IBD. Therefore, vitamin D substitution can be considered in such patients.

• MeSH
• cholekalciferol aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• idiopatické střevní záněty patofyziologie   terapie   MeSH
• inhibitory kostní resorpce aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• kostní denzita účinky léků   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• potravní doplňky * MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• svalová síla účinky léků   MeSH
• trabekulární kostní tkáň účinky léků   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH

Introduction. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been referred to as a state of cellular calcium toxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the status of free cytosolic calcium ([Ca 2+ ] i ) and intracellular calcium reserves and the capacitative calcium entry in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of CKD patients, and to determine the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on these parameters. Methods. The study involved 44 patients with CKD sta- ges 2-3 and 70 healthy volunteers. 27 were treated with cholecalciferol (5000 IU/week) for 12 months. [Ca 2+ ] i was measured using Fluo-3 AM fluorimetry. Intracellular calci- um reserves were emptied by the application of thapsigar- gin (Tg), a specific inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ - ATPase. 2-Aminoethyl-diphenyl borate (2APB) was used to examine the capacitative calcium entry. Results. [Ca 2+ ] i of CKD patients was substantially higher in comparison with healthy subjects: 123 (115-127) vs 102 (98-103) nmol/l; p<0.001. The calcium concentration of Tg-sensitive stores and the capacitative calcium entry were also significantly increased in CKD patients. After the 12- month vitamin D3 supplementation, there was a marked decrease in [Ca 2+ ] i [105 (103-112) nmol/l; p<0.001 vs. baseline], independently of the increase in 25(OH)D 3 or the decrease in PTH levels. No significant changes in intracel- lular calcium reserves and the capacitative calcium entry were found. Conclusions. Our results demonstrate that: (1) [Ca 2+ ] i , intracellular calcium stores and the capacitative calcium entry were significantly increased already in early stages of CKD; (2) long-term vitamin D3 supplementation normalized [Ca 2+ ] i without any effect on intracellular calcium reserves or the capacitative calcium entry.

• Publikační typ
• abstrakty MeSH

V EU bylo do roku 2024 prodlouženo povolení rodenticidních antikoagulantů jako účinných látek deratizačních přípravků a byla stanovena jejich nová klasifikace a podmínky používání. Na tomto základě stanovil zákon č. 205/2020 Sb. nové podmínky jejich používání v ČR. Při převážném používání antikoagulantů však hrozí rozšiřování rezistence potkanů, myší domácích a krys k těmto látkám. Proto probíhá schvalovací řízení cholekalciferolu, jako nové účinné látky deratizačních přípravků v ČR.

The EU authorisation of rodenticidal anticoagulants for use as effective active ingredients of rodent control products was extended until 2024, and a new classification and conditions for use of these chemicals were determined. On this basis, Act No. 205/2020 laid down new conditions for their use in the Czech Republic. However, a wide use of anticoagulants is associated with the risk of the spread of resistance to these chemicals in rats and house mice. That is why the approval procedure is in progress for cholecalciferol as the new active ingredient of rodent control products in the EU.

• MeSH
• antikoagulancia MeSH
• cholekalciferol MeSH
• deratizace * metody   zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH

Vitamin D je souhrnný název pro cholekalciferol (vitamin D3) a ergokalciferol (vitamin D2), což jsou prekurzory hormonů hrajících důležitou roli v regulaci metabolizmu vápníku a fosfátů. V tomto přehledném článku je popsána tvorba vitaminu D3 v kůži působením slunečního světla, transport vitaminu D a jeho metabolitů v krvi, tvorba aktivní hormonální formy – kalcitriolu (1,25-dihydroxyvitaminu D) hydroxylací v játrech a ledvinách a ukončení jeho účinku vznikem inaktivních metabolitů.

Vitamin D is the collective name for cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) and ergocalciferol (vitamin D2), which are precursors of hormones with an important role in regulation of the metabolism of calcium and phosphates. This review article describes the production of vitamin D3 in the skin by ultraviolet radiation from sunlight, transport of vitamin D and its metabolites in blood, formation of the active hormonal form – calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D) by hydroxylation in the liver and kidney, and termination of the action by catabolism to inactive metabolites.

• Klíčová slova
• UVB, ergokalciferol, vitamin D vázající protein,
• MeSH
• cholekalciferol chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• ergokalciferoly chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• kalcitriol MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH