commitment point Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
This work represents a detailed guide for commitment point analysis in microalgae dividing by multiple fission. The method is based on allowing the committed cells to divide in favorable conditions in the dark. This protocol offers a strategy to monitor cell cycle progression, both in control cultures and cultures treated with compounds affecting cell cycle length and/or progression. As the variety of such compounds is wide, our aim was to make the protocol easily modifiable to various research aims. The technique is easy to follow, low-cost, does not require any special equipment and offers reliable results in a reasonable time. The protocol offers step-by-step instructions, explains the theory behind these steps and offers solutions to some of the problems that may arise during the procedure.
- MeSH
- buněčné dělení * MeSH
- buněčný cyklus * MeSH
- Viridiplantae MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Výzkum si klade za cíl ověřit vliv rozhodovacího pole na volbu a výslednou spokojenost s volbou. 215 účastníků vybíralo z několika pochutin a hodnotilo složitost rozhodování, spokojenost a výsledný prožitek. Výsledky ukázaly, že minimalizace závazku sice nemá negativní efekt na subjektivní spokojenost s výběrem, ale zato má signifikantně negativní efekt na výsledný prožitek (p < 0,05). Otevírají se tak další výzkumné otázky, které jsou hodny širšího zkoumání. Nepodařilo se prokázat, že přítomnost neekvivalentní možnosti v rozhodovacím poli přesouvá preference na jednu z ekvivalentních možností, jak naznačoval předchozí výzkum (Ariely, 2009). Zdá se, že pokud je neekvivalentní možnost dostatečně žádoucí, může být tento efekt minimalizován, ačkoliv tím rozhodovací proces významně komplikuje (p < 0,05). Také se nepodařilo potvrdit efekt vyšší žádoucnosti možnosti zdarma (Ariely, 2009). Pro další výzkum by bylo zajímavé sledovat bod zlomu mezi vlivem ceny a původní žádoucnosti možností.
This research aims to explore how decision field influences choice and resulting choice satisfaction. 215 participants chose from multiple snacks and evaluated decision complexity, subjective satisfaction and experience. Results show that minimizing commitment did not decrease satisfaction, but significantly decreased resulting experience (p < 0.05). This opens new research questions that should be further studied. This experiment failed to prove that a non-equivalent option would significantly increase preferences for one of the equivalent options as previous research suggested (Ariely, 2009). It seems that if original desirability of a non-equivalent option is sufficiently high, it outweighs the desirability of equivalent options although it increases choice complexity (p < 0.05). No evidence was found that a gratis option significantly gains desirability PPP_3-4/2016.indd 46 19.01.17 10:23 47 (Ariely, 2009). In future research, it would be interesting to look for the tipping point where the price outweighs original desirability.
- Klíčová slova
- závazek, spokojenost, rozhodovací pole,
- MeSH
- chování spotřebitelů MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- rozhodování * MeSH
- výběrové chování MeSH
- výzkum MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
The emerging role of the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) as a major controller of the restriction point has been supported by recent discoveries, including pRb's ability to repress gene transcription by all three RNA polymerases, which suggests a link between DNA replication and cell growth. Convergent genetic and biochemical data provide new insights into the molecular events that are upstream of, at, and downstream of pRb phosphorylation, which is regulated by G1-phase cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) and their inhibitors (CKIs). Major advances have also been made in our understanding of a key role of the pathway involving cyclin D, Cdks, CKIs, pRb and E2F both in commitment to traversing the cell cycle and in restraining oncogenesis.
V příspěvku pojednáváme o determinantách expertního (vynikajícího) výkonu v tělesné výchově tak, jak je subjektivně vnímají učitelé-experti. Hlavním cílem výzkumu bylo zjistit, jaký význam přikládají učitelé-experti jednotlivým determinantám profesního výkonu v tělesné výchově. Výzkumný vzorek tvořilo pět učitelů-expertů tělesné výchovy (tři ženy a dva muži) působících na brněnských základních školách, kteří pomocí Q-metodologie třídili determinanty expertního výkonu. Ukázalo se, že za nejvýznamnější determinantu expertního výkonu v tělesné výchově považují zkoumaní učitelé-experti: organizační schopnosti učitele, schopnost improvizace, učitelovy zkušenosti, schopnost motivovat a zaujetí pro výuku tělesné výchovy. Naopak mezi determinanty s nejmenším významem pro expertní výkon zařadili: učitelovu vlastní ukázku, počet žáků, sportovní historii učitele tělesné výchovy, osobní meze a využívání metody „trestu“.
n the paper, we deal with determinants of expert teaching in Physical Education from the expert-teach-ers' point of view. Our research study aims at highlighting how expert-teachers perceive the importance of various determinants of expert teaching in Physical Education. The research sample includes five expert-teachers (three female and two male) from schools in Brno they sorted determinants of expert teaching in Physical Education using Q-methodology. It was shown, that the researched teachers per-ceived following determinants as most important for expert teaching in Physical Education: teachers' organizational skills, teachers' improvisational skills, teachers' experiences, teachers' skills to motivate pupils, and teachers' commitment to the teaching profession. Contrary, following determinants was seen as not very important: teachers' demonstrating of subject matter, the number of pupils, teachers' “sport-history”, teachers' subjectively perceived limits and teachers' using of punishments.
- MeSH
- cvičení fyziologie MeSH
- kontinuální vzdělávání MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- řízení kvality MeSH
- sporty MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Histone variants confer chromatin unique properties. They have specific genomic distribution, regulated by specific deposition and removal machineries. Histone variants, mostly of canonical histones H2A, H2B and H3, have important roles in early embryonic development, in lineage commitment of stem cells, in the converse process of somatic cell reprogramming to pluripotency and, in some cases, in the modulation of animal aging and life span. MacroH2A1 is a variant of histone H2A, present in two alternatively exon-spliced isoforms macroH2A1.1 and macroH2A1.2, regulating cell plasticity and proliferation, during pluripotency and tumorigenesis. Furthermore, macroH2A1 participates in the formation of senescence-associated heterochromatic foci (SAHF) in senescent cells, and multiple lines of evidence in genetically modified mice suggest that macroH2A1 integrates nutritional cues from the extracellular environment to transcriptional programs. Here, we review current molecular evidence based on next generation sequencing data, cell assays and in vivo models supporting different mechanisms that could mediate the function of macroH2A1 in health span and life span. We will further discuss context-dependent and isoform-specific functions. The aim of this review is to provide guidance to assess histone variant macroH2A1 potential as a therapeutic intervention point.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
There is no doubt, that the medical staff has often to face aggressive patients, their threats and event their violent physical attacks today. More frequently than ever they are faced with the necessity to think over and consider very carefully the way to defend against imminent or persistent attack on them. First, I would attempt to qualify patients' aggressive behaviour - from lesser acts, when the violent attack is not imminent, through threatening with killing, inflicting aggravated bodily harm or causing exceptionally serious damage or enforcement by violence, the threat of violence or the threat of causing another serious damage, to do something, to desist from doing something or tolerate something. to the imminent or persistent attack. Then I would try to describe the best ones of possible ways of self-defence against various levels of aggressive behaviour.
- MeSH
- agrese MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- násilí zákonodárství a právo MeSH
- trestní zákon MeSH
- vztahy mezi lékařem a pacientem MeSH
- vztahy mezi zdravotnickým pracovníkem a pacientem MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
BACKGROUND: Despite the recent increase of research interest in involuntary treatment and the use of coercive measures, gender differences among coerced schizophrenia patients still remain understudied. It is well recognized that there are gender differences both in biological correlates and clinical presentations in schizophrenia, which is one of the most common diagnoses among patients who are treated against their will. The extent to which these differences may result in a difference in the use of coercive measures for men and women during the acute phase of the disease has not been studied. METHODS: 291 male and 231 female coerced patients with schizophrenia were included in this study, which utilized data gathered by the EUNOMIA project (European Evaluation of Coercion in Psychiatry and Harmonization of Best Clinical Practice) and was carried out as a multi-centre prospective cohort study at 13 centers in 12 European countries. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, social functioning and aggressive behavior in patients who received any form of coercive measure (seclusion and/or forced medication and/or physical restraint) during their hospital stay were assessed. RESULTS: When compared to the non-coerced inpatient population, there was no difference in sociodemographic or clinical characteristics across either gender. However coerced female patients did show a worse social functioning than their coerced male counterparts, a finding which contrasts with the non-coerced inpatient population. Moreover, patterns of aggressive behavior were different between men and women, such that women exhibited aggressive behavior more frequently, but men committed severe aggressive acts more frequently. Staff used forced medication in women more frequently and physical restraint and seclusion more frequently with men. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study point towards a higher threshold of aggressive behavior the treatment of women with coercive measures. This may be because less serious aggressive actions trigger the application of coercive measures in men. Moreover coerced women showed diminished social functioning, and more importantly more severe symptoms from the "excitement/hostile" cluster in contrast to coerced men. National and international recommendation on coercive treatment practices should include appropriate consideration of the evidence of gender differences in clinical presentation and aggressive behaviors found in inpatient populations.
- MeSH
- agrese psychologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pacienti hospitalizovaní psychologie MeSH
- pohlavní dimorfismus * MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- schizofrenie (psychologie) * MeSH
- schizofrenie terapie MeSH
- stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
- ústavy pro duševně nemocné MeSH
- zodpovědnost duševně nemocného * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
T cell memory relies on the generation of antigen-specific progenitors with stem-like properties. However, the identity of these progenitors has remained unclear, precluding a full understanding of the differentiation trajectories that underpin the heterogeneity of antigen-experienced T cells. We used a systematic approach guided by single-cell RNA-sequencing data to map the organizational structure of the human CD8+ memory T cell pool under physiological conditions. We identified two previously unrecognized subsets of clonally, epigenetically, functionally, phenotypically and transcriptionally distinct stem-like CD8+ memory T cells. Progenitors lacking the inhibitory receptors programmed death-1 (PD-1) and T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) were committed to a functional lineage, whereas progenitors expressing PD-1 and TIGIT were committed to a dysfunctional, exhausted-like lineage. Collectively, these data reveal the existence of parallel differentiation programs in the human CD8+ memory T cell pool, with potentially broad implications for the development of immunotherapies and vaccines.
- MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- buněčná diferenciace imunologie MeSH
- CD8-pozitivní T-lymfocyty imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- homeostáza telomer MeSH
- imunofenotypizace MeSH
- imunologická paměť * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfoidní progenitorové buňky cytologie imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- myši MeSH
- stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
- T-lymfocyty - podskupiny imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- výpočetní biologie metody MeSH
- vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
