• MeSH
• ekologie MeSH
• etika MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• senioři ekonomika   MeSH
• sociální péče MeSH
• životní prostředí a veřejné zdravotnictví MeSH
• Check Tag
• senioři ekonomika   MeSH

Understanding the dynamics of communities in space and time requires reconciling ecological and evolutionary processes, including colonization, adaptation, speciation and extinction. In practice, this has been challenging because empirical data obtained by traditional methods and predictive models typically focus on particular processes driving local community assembly and biogeographical structure. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, by using phylogenomics, population genomics and phenomics approaches, Darwell et al. show that ant community assembly on islands is governed by predictable eco-evolutionary trends of geographical range expansion, adaptive radiation and local population decline. The authors provide one of the most robust lines of evidence that the evolutionary progression of island communities may often be directional and repeatable, as predicted by the concept of taxon cycles.

• MeSH
• biologická evoluce MeSH
• fenomika MeSH
• Formicidae * MeSH
• genomika MeSH
• ostrovy MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• komentáře MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• zprávy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• ostrovy MeSH

The methodical developments in the fields of molecular biology and analytical chemistry significantly increased the level of detail that we achieve when exploring soils and their microbial inhabitants. High-resolution description of microbial communities, detection of taxa with minor abundances, screening of gene expression or the detailed characterization of metabolomes are nowadays technically feasible. Despite all of this, our understanding of soil is limited in many ways. The imperfect tools to describe microbial communities and limited possibilities to assign traits to community members make it difficult to link microbes to functions. Also the analysis of processes exemplified by enzyme activity measurements is still imperfect. In the future, it is important to look at soil at a finer detail to obtain a better picture on the properties of individual microbes, their in situ interactions, metabolic rates and activity at a scale relevant to individual microbes. Scaling up is needed as well to get answers at ecosystem or biome levels and to enable global modelling. The recent development of novel tools including metabolomics, identification of genomes in metagenomics sequencing datasets or collection of trait data have the potential to bring soil ecology further. It will, however, always remain a highly demanding scientific discipline.

• MeSH
• Bacteria klasifikace   enzymologie   genetika   MeSH
• ekologie MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• houby klasifikace   enzymologie   genetika   MeSH
• metabolomika MeSH
• metagenomika MeSH
• mikrobiota genetika   MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• behaviorální vědy MeSH
• biologická evoluce MeSH
• etologie MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• vývojová biologie MeSH
• životní prostředí MeSH

• Konspekt
• Biologické vědy
• NLK Obory
• biologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• kolektivní monografie

• MeSH
• biologická evoluce MeSH
• biologie MeSH
• ekologie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Biologické vědy
• NLK Obory
• biologie
• environmentální vědy

• MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• fermentace MeSH
• kvasinky * izolace a purifikace   klasifikace   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• společenstvo MeSH
• víno mikrobiologie   MeSH

• MeSH
• deratizace MeSH
• nemoci hlodavců prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• programy národního zdraví MeSH
• rodenticidy MeSH
• veřejné zdravotnictví MeSH

• Konspekt
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NLK Obory
• environmentální vědy
• veřejné zdravotnictví
• NLK Publikační typ
• publikace WHO

BACKGROUND: Below-ground bud banks have experienced much recent interest due to discoveries that they (1) account for the majority of seasonal population renewal in many communities, (2) are crucial to regeneration following disturbance, and (3) have important consequences for plant population dynamics and plant and ecosystem function across a number of habitats. SCOPE: This review presents an overview of the role of bud banks in plant population renewal, examines bud bank life history, summarizes bud bank traits and their potential ecological implications, synthesizes the response of bud banks to disturbance, and highlights gaps to guide future research. The characteristics and life history of buds, including their natality, dormancy, protection and longevity, provide a useful framework for advancing our understanding of bud banks. The fate of buds depends on their age, size, type, location, and biotic and abiotic factors that collectively regulate bud bank dynamics. A bud bank can provide a demographic storage effect stabilizing population dynamics, and also confer resistance to disturbance and invasion. Regeneration capacity following disturbance is determined by interactions among the rates of bud natality, depletion and dormancy (meristem limitation), and the resources available to support the regeneration process. The resulting response of plants and their bud banks to disturbances such as fire, herbivory and anthropogenic sources determines the community's regenerative capacity. CONCLUSIONS: Vegetation responses to environmental change may be mediated through changes in bud bank dynamics and phenology. Environmental change that depletes the bud bank or prohibits its formation likely results in a loss of vegetation resilience and plant species diversity. Standardization of bud sampling, examination of bud banks in more ecosystems and their response to environmental variation and disturbance regimes, employment of stage-structured bud bank modelling and evaluation of the cost of bud bank construction and maintenance will benefit this expanding field of research.

• MeSH
• býložravci MeSH
• ekologie MeSH
• ekosystém * MeSH
• požáry * MeSH
• rostliny MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH

This paper presents the results of a consensus-driven process identifying 50 priority research questions for historical ecology obtained through crowdsourcing, literature reviews, and in-person workshopping. A deliberative approach was designed to maximize discussion and debate with defined outcomes. Two in-person workshops (in Sweden and Canada) over the course of two years and online discussions were peer facilitated to define specific key questions for historical ecology from anthropological and archaeological perspectives. The aim of this research is to showcase the variety of questions that reflect the broad scope for historical-ecological research trajectories across scientific disciplines. Historical ecology encompasses research concerned with decadal, centennial, and millennial human-environmental interactions, and the consequences that those relationships have in the formation of contemporary landscapes. Six interrelated themes arose from our consensus-building workshop model: (1) climate and environmental change and variability; (2) multi-scalar, multi-disciplinary; (3) biodiversity and community ecology; (4) resource and environmental management and governance; (5) methods and applications; and (6) communication and policy. The 50 questions represented by these themes highlight meaningful trends in historical ecology that distill the field down to three explicit findings. First, historical ecology is fundamentally an applied research program. Second, this program seeks to understand long-term human-environment interactions with a focus on avoiding, mitigating, and reversing adverse ecological effects. Third, historical ecology is part of convergent trends toward transdisciplinary research science, which erodes scientific boundaries between the cultural and natural.

• MeSH
• biodiverzita MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• dějiny starověku MeSH
• dějiny středověku MeSH
• ekologie dějiny   trendy   MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• kulturní antropologie dějiny   trendy   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• přírodopis trendy   MeSH
• výzkumný projekt MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• dějiny starověku MeSH
• dějiny středověku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Kanada MeSH
• Švédsko MeSH

Testate amoeba (TA) assemblages were collected in 2005 from four ponds in Komořany (Prague, Czech Republic). An analysis of seasonal taxonomic variability of TA populations and its correlation with the limnological characteristics of the area (temperature, pH, total organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metals, etc.) was performed. The predominant genera were Difflugia, Arcella, and Centropyxis. The most significant changes in the TA community occurred between March and July. Arcella genus dominated in March and April; in May, Arcella and Centropyxis genera were present in the same amount; in June, Arcella genus disappeared, and Difflugia genus started to dominate the community. A multivariate redundancy analysis showed statistically significant correlations between the environmental parameters and the composition of the TA community. The results indicate a negative correlation between TA quantities and Ni, Cd, PAH, Mn, As, and Pb. TA were also affected by concentrations of NH4(+), NO3(-), and P, as well as by temperature variations. The observed correlations between the species composition and environmental parameters can be used in paleoecological interpretations of fossil TA communities. Our results also prove the suitability of TA as water quality indicators in urban areas.

• MeSH
• Amoeba klasifikace   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• biodiverzita MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• roční období MeSH
• rybníky chemie   parazitologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH