Využití biografických informací v oblasti zdravotní péče představuje posun směrem k individualizované péči. Tento přístup staví na poznání životních příběhů, hodnot, zvyků a zájmů, což umožňuje zdravotníkům lépe pochopit potřeby a preference lidí s demencí. V období hospitalizace, kdy se ocitá člověk s demencí mimo známé prostředí, bývá ztráta pocitu autonomie jedním z nejvýznamnějších stresorů. Práce s biografickými údaji může nejen pomoci zmírnit stres, ale také podpořit navázání komunikace a budování důvěry mezi člověkem s demencí a personálem. Vztah založený na respektu a důstojnosti je základem pro poskytování péče, která je přizpůsobena konkrétním potřebám člověka s demencí.(1) Individualizace přináší do péče kvalitu a hloubku, i když může být časově náročná. Naproti tomu unifikované přístupy sice zjednodušují procesy, často ale postrádají osobitost a kreativitu, které jsou pro individuální přístup nezbytné.(2) Každý člověk s demencí má právo na stejně kvalitní péči jako člověk bez tohoto syndromu.(3) Pouhé odborné znalosti nejsou vždy dostatečné pro zajištění optimální péče. Často máme tendenci si myslet, že je důležitá pouze přítomnost a že se nás minulost již netýká. Když se nad tím však zamyslíme, musíme si přiznat, že minulost nás nikdy zcela neopustí, ať už si to uvědomujeme, nebo ne. Je přítomná i v našem „tady a teď“ a často se propisuje do chování a každodenních zvyklostí a rutin právě u osob s demencí. A tak se nabízejí otázky: Je to pak ale ještě minulost? Jak s minulostí zacházet, aby byla přínosem v péči u osob s demencí?

The use of biographical information in healthcare represents a shift towards personalized care. This approach is based on understanding individuals’ life stories, values, habits, and interests, allowing healthcare professionals to comprehend their needs and preferences better. During hospitalization, when a person with dementia is placed in an unfamiliar environment, the loss of autonomy often becomes one of the most significant stressors. Working with biographical information can help alleviate stress, support communication, and build trust between the person with dementia and the staff. A relationship founded on respect and dignity is essential for providing care tailored to the specific needs of a person with dementia.(1) Personalization brings quality and depth to care, although it can be time-consuming. In contrast, standardized approaches may simplify processes but often lack the individuality and creativity necessary for a personalized approach.(2) Every person with dementia has the right to the same quality of care as a person without this syndrome.(3) Professional knowledge alone is not always sufficient to provide optimal care. We often believe that only the present matters and that the past no longer concerns us. However, when we reflect on it, we must acknowledge that the past never entirely leaves us—whether we realize it or not. It remains present in our „here and now“ and often manifests in the behaviors, routines, and daily habits of individuals with dementia. This raises important questions: Is it still the past? How can we work with the past to make it beneficial in the care of individuals with dementia?

Although existing studies have acknowledged the impacts of Hofstede's cultural dimensions on the proactive behaviors of employees or innovations in various contexts, they have not examined the mediating role of proactive behavior between Hofstede's cultural dimensions and entrepreneurial innovativeness. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the mediating impact of proactive behavior between six of Hofstede's cultural dimensions and entrepreneurial innovativeness. Data were collected through standardized surveys from 150 retail entrepreneurs running businesses in China. SPSS and Wrap PLS SEM were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed a positive and significant impact of all six of Hofstede's cultural dimensions, including low power distance, low uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation, indulgence, collectivism, and masculinity, on proactive behavior among entrepreneurs. Additionally, the mediating influence of proactive behavior was positive and significant for all studied Hofstede cultural dimensions and entrepreneurial innovativeness among entrepreneurs. This study provides important implications for entrepreneurs by emphasizing the importance of proactive behaviors for entrepreneurial innovativeness. Consequently, this study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence regarding the mediating role of proactive behavior among cultural dimensions and entrepreneurial innovativeness. It suggests that entrepreneurs should exhibit proactive behaviors to implement various innovative practices within their firms.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Creativity * MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Entrepreneurship * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• China MeSH

The design of MB327, a bispyridinium compound that ameliorates the nicotinic effects of acute organophosphorus nerve agent (NA) intoxication, followed an observation made by the German pharmacologist Klaus Schoene in the 1970s, who noted therapeutic activity in bispyridinium molecules missing the usual oxime group, CHNOH. Some of these compounds protected mice against soman. One structurally related to obidoxime called HY10 had this action. Its oxime moieties were capped by tert-butyl groups: CH=NOtBu. We modified HY10 by changing the bridge between the pyridinium units from a dimethylene ether to a trimethylene group (CH2OCH2 → CH2CH2CH2) and prepared a novel relative of trimedoxime, called LB1, whose synthesis and stereochemistry are described. Unlike obidoxime or trimedoxime, LB1 because of its capped oxime groups, cannot directly reactivate NA inhibited acetylcholinesterase. Its antidotal activity in mice is now reported. The therapeutic efficacy of LB1, atropine alone, atropine with LB1, atropine with an oxime (HI-6, obidoxime or trimedoxime), and atropine with an oxime and LB1, was studied by determining the LD50 values of the NAs soman, sarin, or tabun in mice treated with these compounds or mixtures. LB1 exceeded MB327 in toxicity and its activity was insufficient for a useful addition to the current standard antidotal treatment (protective ratio data are compared to those of MB327). Although this study produced largely negative biological results, the therapeutically beneficial mechanism of the effective bispyridinium non-oxime analogues is unclear, and has been demonstrated only in vivo. The present study points out directions in structural optimisation unlikely to yield the desired therapeutic outcomes and provides a literature review that could promote creative thinking for the design of widely-desirable non-oxime therapeutics for anticholinesterase inhibitors.

• MeSH
• Acetylcholinesterase metabolism   MeSH
• Antidotes * chemical synthesis   chemistry   pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Atropine therapeutic use   pharmacology   MeSH
• Cholinesterase Inhibitors toxicity   MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Nerve Agents * toxicity   MeSH
• Organophosphorus Compounds * toxicity   MeSH
• Oximes chemistry   MeSH
• Pyridinium Compounds * chemical synthesis   chemistry   therapeutic use   pharmacology   MeSH
• Soman toxicity   MeSH
• Trimedoxime chemistry   chemical synthesis   pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Structure-Activity Relationship MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Male MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Specialized or secondary metabolites are small molecules of biological origin, often showing potent biological activities with applications in agriculture, engineering and medicine. Usually, the biosynthesis of these natural products is governed by sets of co-regulated and physically clustered genes known as biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). To share information about BGCs in a standardized and machine-readable way, the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster (MIBiG) data standard and repository was initiated in 2015. Since its conception, MIBiG has been regularly updated to expand data coverage and remain up to date with innovations in natural product research. Here, we describe MIBiG version 4.0, an extensive update to the data repository and the underlying data standard. In a massive community annotation effort, 267 contributors performed 8304 edits, creating 557 new entries and modifying 590 existing entries, resulting in a new total of 3059 curated entries in MIBiG. Particular attention was paid to ensuring high data quality, with automated data validation using a newly developed custom submission portal prototype, paired with a novel peer-reviewing model. MIBiG 4.0 also takes steps towards a rolling release model and a broader involvement of the scientific community. MIBiG 4.0 is accessible online at https://mibig.secondarymetabolites.org/.

• MeSH
• Molecular Sequence Annotation MeSH
• Biological Products metabolism   chemistry   MeSH
• Biosynthetic Pathways genetics   MeSH
• Databases, Genetic * MeSH
• Data Curation MeSH
• Multigene Family * MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

This study investigated the impact of Hofstede cultural dimensions on sustainable competitive advantage with the mediating role of entrepreneurial innovativeness among Malays, Malaysian Chinese, and Malaysian Indian entrepreneurs in the retail industry. This study involved a quantitative approach with standardized questionnaires distributed among target respondents through non-probability sampling techniques, including snowball sampling, quota sampling, and convenience sampling. The data were collected in a cross-sectional setting from Malaysian retail ethnic entrepreneurs. AMOS-SEM and SPSS were used to analyze the data. The findings of this study revealed a positive and significant influence of indulgence, long-term orientation, masculinity, and low power distance on sustainable competitive advantage among Chinese, Malay, and Indian entrepreneurs. Furthermore, the direct effect of entrepreneurial innovativeness was also positive and significant in terms of sustainable competitive advantage among Chinese, Malay, and Indian entrepreneurs. Finally, the indirect effects of collectivism, indulgence, low uncertainty avoidance, low power distance, masculinity, and long-term orientation on sustainable competitive advantage through mediator entrepreneurial innovativeness were positive and significant among Malaysian Chinese. However, in Malay (indulgence) and India (collectivism, low uncertainty avoidance, and low power distance), these were not significant. Our results suggest that academics and businesses should consider how cultural norms of masculinity, long-term orientation, and uncertainty avoidance impact sustainable competitive advantage activities. Rewards encouraging sustainable competitive advantage in one subculture may not promote it in another. Subcultural norms influence entrepreneurs' decisions, expectations, and incentives in a culturally diverse community.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Ethnicity psychology   MeSH
• Competitive Behavior MeSH
• Creativity MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Masculinity MeSH
• Entrepreneurship * MeSH
• Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Malaysia MeSH

Many biological agents are epidemic or pandemic in nature (Ebola 2013, Spanish influenza 1918, Russian influenza 1989, SARS-CoV-2 2019). Recognising the onset of the spread of epidemics and pandemics remains a major challenge even in the 21st century despite the technologies and scientific knowledge at our disposal, as is the successful management of such situations. The reason concerns the existence of biological diversity and the laws that govern it, which are very difficult to predict and which are virtually uncontrollable. It is gradually becoming apparent that the current spread of SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19 (9 million deaths since the beginning of the pandemic according to WHO) is characterised by very different characteristics (e.g. the exposure, transmission and spread of the viral infectious agent) in different populations and risk groups.Social services workers in the Czech Republic have been on the frontline for the duration of the pandemic and have been required to work in a high-risk infectious environment. This has led to the need for changes in their established working practices and approaches. Considerable creativity had to be employed particularly in the first year of the pandemic due to the scarcity of information on the new viral agent, the availability of which increased only slowly as the scientific community studied and analysed the various factors involved. Globally, the scientific community released its experimental data as soon as it became available; however, unfortunately, due to the nature of biomedical research, the release of the outputs failed to match the time requirements for their necessity in practice.Based on qualitative and quantitative research, the following text provides an analysis of the specific measures and the related difficulties, and the struggle to find solutions, that providers of selected types of social services faced during the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.The survey results revealed that the issues in question had a common thread across the various types of social services, as well as a number of common features and challenges. The analysis of the results showed a noticeable shift between the initial period, which was characterised by the rapid onset of the spread of the pandemic, and the situation after 18 months of life under pandemic conditions, which was characterised by the lower incidence of problems and difficulties. One of the major outcomes of the study concerns the identification of the need for social service providers to be provided with a unified, clear and centrally managed process that is able to provide individualised methodological support. The results are based on a study conducted as part of "The Changes in Selected Social Services for People with Disabilities during the State of Emergency Instigated by a Viral Disease" project.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * prevention & control   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Access to Information MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Social Work organization & administration   MeSH
• Social Workers * statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Focus Groups MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

• MeSH
• Creativity * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Thinking * MeSH
• Patient Care Team MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

Objectives. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Slovak version of the SciPop scale, designed to measure science-related populist attitudes. It seeks to explore its factor structure and investigate its relationships with external variables such as political populist attitudes, trust in science, distrust of experts and perception of science. Sample and settings. Data collection was conducted in August 2023 through an online panel of a local research agency. Ethical approval was obtained, and informed consent was secured from 643 Slovak participants. Quota sampling ensured demographic representation based on gender, age, education, and regional affiliation. Statistical analyses. Factor structure was examined using MIMIC model with ML estimator in the R software. Measurement invariance across gender, age and education groups was assessed. Correlations with selected constructs were examined. Results. The findings indicate that the Slovak version of the SciPop scale exhibits robust psychometric properties, including a four-dimensional factor structure and measurement invariance across gender, age, and education. Significant associations of science-related populism with political populist attitudes, trust in science, distrust of experts, and perceptions of science were confirmed. Limitations. Limitations include the use of an online sample, which may not fully represent certain population groups, and reliance on self-report measures. To ensure the scale’s stability and generalizability, further validation on diverse datasets and test-retest reliability assessments are recommended. Downloads PDF Published 2024-04-30 How to Cite Piterová, I. (2024). Science-related populism: Psychometric properties of the Slovak version of the SciPop Scale. Československá Psychologie, 68(2), 156-173. https://doi.org/10.51561/cspsych.68.2.156 Issue Vol. 68 No. 2 (2024) Section Articles License Copyright (c) 2024 Ivana Piterová Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.