Autori sa v príspevku zaoberajú problematikou klasifikácie skupín atletických disciplín ovplyvňuj-úcich športovú výkonnosť sedemboja žien. Na identifikáciu skupín boli využité ukazovatele najlepšíchsvetových výkonov sedemboja nad 6200 bodov podľa dostupných údajov z IAAF (N = 172). Z klasifi-kačných metód zhlukovania boli použité hierarchické modely ako Average linkage (Between & Within- group), Single Linkage - Nearest neigbor, Complete Linkage - Farthest neigbor, Centroid linkage,Median clustering, Ward ́s method.Všetkých sedem zhlukových metód sa zhodlo v dvoch skupinách zhlukov a v obsahu disciplínv 2. klastry [200 m, skok od diaľky, 800 m, 100 m prekážok, skok do výšky] [vrh guľou, hod oštepom].Test stability so štruktúrou zhlukov sedemboja na úrovni 2. klastra je 100 %. Najvyššiu stabilitu42,86 % javí vnútorná hierarchia disciplín [200 m, Skok do diaľky, 100 m prekážok, Skok do výšky,800 m] [Vrh guľou, Hod oštepom].Hierarchické modely umožnili identifikovať skupiny atletických disciplíny ovplyvňujúce športovývýkon v sedemboji žien. Poznanie štruktúry športového výkonu prispieva k zefektívneniu tréningovéhoprocesu a určeniu viacbojárskej typológie pretekárok svetovej výkonnosti.

Authors deals with the problematics of group classification of athletics disciplines, which influence thesports performance in the women's heptathlon. For the group identification, the indicators of the bestworld's performance in heptathlon above the 6200 points according to the data from IAAF (N = 172)were used. From the classification methods of clustering the hierarchical models as the Average linkage(Between & Within-group), Single Linkage - Nearest neighbor, Complete Linkage - Farthest neighbor,Centroid linkage, Median clustering, and Ward ́s method were used.All seven clustering methods agreed in two groups of clusters and in the content of disciplines in2 clusters [200 meters, Long jump, 800 meters, 100 meters hurdles, High jump] [Shot put, Javelinthrow]. The stability test with the cluster structure of heptathlon in the level of the second cluster is100 %. The highest stability, 42,86 %, shows the internal hierarchy of disciplines [200 meters, Longjump, 100 meters hurdles, High jump, 800 meters] [Shot put, Javelin throw].Hierarchical models allow identifying groups of athletics disciplines that influence the sports perfor-mance in women's heptathlon. Understanding the structure of sports performance contributes to thestreamlining the training process and determining the combined events typology of world performanceathletes.

• MeSH
• klasifikace MeSH
• lehká atletika klasifikace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• sporty klasifikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Cíle. Cílem studie bylo odhadnout základní psychometrické charakteristiky české verze metody pro měření pěti obecných dimenzí osobnosti Big Five Inventory 2 (BFI-2) a jeho zkrácených verzí (BFI-2-S, BFI-2XS). Výzkumný soubor. BFI-2 byl předložen pro sebeposouzení 1733 respondentům (42,1 % mužů a 57,9 % žen) ve věku od 15 do 26 let s průměrným věkem 20,06 let (SD = 2,53). Hypotéza. Autoři předpokládali, že české verze inventáře budou mít srovnatelné psychometrické vlastnosti s originálními verzemi. Analýza dat. Pro odhad vnitřní konzistence škál BFI-2, BFI-2-S, BFI-2-XS a subškál BFI-2, BFI-2-S byl použit Cronbachův koeficient alfa doplněný o ordinální variantu McDonaldova koeficientu omega, test-retestová stabilita tří metod byla odhadnuta pomocí Pearsonova korelačního koeficientu. Struktura inventáře BFI-2 na úrovni položek a subškál byla odvozena z analýzy hlavních komponent s následnou rotací Varimax. Vnitřní struktura jednotlivých škál byla dále ověřována pomocí konfirmační faktorové analýzy (CFA). Schopnost škál BFI-2-S a BFI- 2-XS reprezentovat celkové skóry z nezkrácené verze BFI-2 byla zjišťována pomocí Pearsonova koeficientu korelace. Výsledky. Škály BFI-2 mají dobrou reliabilitu, která se pohybuje od 0,81 do 0,89. Reliabilita subškál je uspokojivá a pohybuje se od 0,56 do 0,83 (M = 0,74). Průměrná test-retestová stabilita BFI-2 po 6 měsících byla 0,86 pro škály a 0,80 pro subškály. Všechny položky BFI-2 dosahují faktorového náboje většího nebo rovného 0,30 na odpovídajícím faktoru. V české verzi BFI-2 se za použití CFA replikovala hierarchická struktura s 15 subškálami, stejně jako v původní verzi. Zkrácená verze BFI-2-S a BFI-2-XS rekonstruuje z 91 % a 77 % skóry škál BFI-2.

Objectives. The aim of the study was estimation of basic psychometric properties of the Czech adaptation of the Big Five Inventory 2 (BFI-2) measuring five basic personality dimensions and their short and extra short versions (BFI-2-S, BFI-2XS). Subject and settings. The BFI-2 was administered to 1,733 participants (42.1% men, 57.9% women) in age range from 15 to 26 years (M = 20.06, SD = 2.53). Hypothesis. Authors expected that the Czech adaptation of the BFI-2, BFI-2-S, BFI-2XS will retain comparable psychometric properties to the original versions. Statistical analysis. Internal consistency of BFI- 2, BFI-2-S, BFI-2XS domains and BFI-2, BFI- 2-S facets was estimated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and ordinal McDonald’s omega coefficient. Test-retest stability of the three methods was estimated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The structure of the BFI-2 at the level of items was explored using Principal Component Analysis with Varimax rotation; structures of domains were confirmed using Confirmatory Factor Analyses. The ability of the BFI-2-S and BFI-2-XS scales to represent BFI-2 scores was assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results. The BFI-2 domains showed good internal consistency, ranging from 0.81 to 0.89. Internal consistency of individual facets ranged from 0.56 to 0.83 (M = 0.74). Average BFI-2 test-retest reliability estimated over a 6 month period was r = 0.86 for domains and r = 0.80 for facets. All items of the BFI-2 showed factor loadings 0.30 or higher on intended factor. The BFI-2 hierarchical structure with 15 facets was confirmed using CFA. Short versions BFI-2-S and BFI-2-XS captured 91% and 77% of the domains of the full version of BFI-2 inventory. Study limitation. Convergent validity of the instrument and the self-other agreement was not evaluated.

• Klíčová slova
• Big Five,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• interpretace statistických dat MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• osobnost MeSH
• osobnostní dotazník * MeSH
• psychometrie MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• zpráva o sobě MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH

BACKGROUND: One of the most widely used instruments to measure depression in childhood and adolescence is Kovacs's Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). Even though this particular measure sparked massive interest among researchers, there is no clear consensus about its factorial structure. It has been suggested that inconsistencies in findings can be partly ascribed to the cultural context. The aim of this study was a) to examine and verify the factor structure of CDI in the Czech population and b) to assess gender-related psychometric differences using the mean and covariance structure (MACS) approach and differential item functioning (DIF) analysis. METHODS: The research sample consisted of 1,515 adolescents (ages 12 to 16 years, 53.7% female) from a non-clinical general population. Based on exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on a random subsample (N = 500), we proposed a model that was subsequently tested on the rest of the sample (N = 1,015) using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Following the MACS procedure, we assessed measurement invariance in boys and girls. The between-group comparison was further supplemented by a DIF analysis. RESULTS: The proposed hierarchical four-factor model (General Symptoms, Negative Self-Concept, Inefficiency, and Social Anhedonia) with a second-order factor of depression fitted the data reasonably well (χ2 = 1281.355; df = 320; RMSEA = 0.054, CFI = 0.925). Regarding gender differences, we found no substantial signs of measurement invariance using the MACS approach. Boys and girls differed in first-order latent means (girls scored higher on General Symptoms with a standardized mean difference of 0.52 and on Negative Self-Concept with a standardized mean difference of 0.31). DIF analysis identified three items with differential functioning. However, the levels of differential functioning were only marginal (in two items) or marginal/moderate and the presence of DIF does not substantially influence scoring of CDI. CONCLUSION: In the general adolescent population in the Czech Republic, the CDI can be considered a reliable instrument for screening purposes in clinical settings and for use in research practice. Instead of the originally proposed five-factor model, we recommend using the newly established four-factor structure. The measure seems to show only marginal psychometric differences with respect to gender, and overall measurement invariance in boys and girls seems to be a tenable assumption.

• MeSH
• chování mladistvých psychologie   MeSH
• deprese diagnóza   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• faktorová analýza statistická MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• pohlavní dimorfismus MeSH
• psychologické modely MeSH
• psychometrie metody   MeSH
• sebepojetí MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Tight interactions exist between dopamine and acetylcholine signaling in the striatum. Dopaminergic neurons express muscarinic and nicotinic receptors, and cholinergic interneurons express dopamine receptors. All neurons in the striatum are pacemakers. An increase in dopamine release is activated by stopping acetylcholine release. The coordinated timing or synchrony of the direct and indirect pathways is critical for refined movements. Changes in neurotransmitter ratios are considered a prominent factor in Parkinson's disease. In general, drugs increase striatal dopamine release, and others can potentiate both dopamine and acetylcholine release. Both neurotransmitters and their receptors show diurnal variations. Recently, it was observed that reward function is modulated by the circadian system, and behavioral changes (hyperactivity and hypoactivity during the light and dark phases, respectively) are present in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. The striatum is one of the key structures responsible for increased locomotion in the active (dark) period in mice lacking M4 muscarinic receptors. Thus, we propose here a hierarchical model of the interaction between dopamine and acetylcholine signaling systems in the striatum. The basis of this model is their functional morphology. The next highest mode of interaction between these two neurotransmitter systems is their interaction at the neurotransmitter/receptor/signaling level. Furthermore, these interactions contribute to locomotor activity regulation and reward behavior, and the topmost level of interaction represents their biological rhythmicity.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• biologické modely MeSH
• svaly anatomie a histologie   MeSH

OBJECTIVE:  Blood monocyte subsets are emerging as biomarkers of cardiovascular inflammation. However, our understanding of human monocyte heterogeneity and their immunophenotypic features under healthy and inflammatory conditions is still evolving. RATIONALE:  In this study, we sought to investigate the immunophenome of circulating human monocyte subsets. METHODS:  Multiplexed, high-throughput flow cytometry screening arrays and computational data analysis were used to analyze the expression and hierarchical relationships of 242 specific surface markers on circulating classical (CD14++CD16-), intermediate (CD14++CD16+), and nonclassical (CD14+CD16++) monocytes in healthy adults. RESULTS:  Using generalized linear models and hierarchical cluster analysis, we selected and clustered epitopes that most reliably differentiate between monocyte subsets. We validated existing transcriptional profiling data and revealed potential new surface markers that uniquely define the classical (e.g., BLTR1, CD35, CD38, CD49e, CD89, CD96), intermediate (e.g., CD39, CD275, CD305, CDw328), and nonclassical (e.g., CD29, CD132) subsets. In addition, our analysis revealed phenotypic cell clusters, identified by dendritic markers CMRF-44 and CMRF-56, independent of the traditional monocyte classification. CONCLUSION:  These results reveal an advancement of the clinically applicable multiplexed screening arrays that may facilitate monocyte subset characterization and cytometry-based biomarker selection in various inflammatory disorders.

• MeSH
• ateroskleróza diagnóza   imunologie   MeSH
• biodiverzita MeSH
• biologické markery metabolismus   MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• imunofenotypizace metody   MeSH
• krevní oběh MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipopolysacharidové receptory metabolismus   MeSH
• monocyty fyziologie   MeSH
• průtoková cytometrie MeSH
• receptory IgG metabolismus   MeSH
• rychlé screeningové testy MeSH
• separace buněk MeSH
• shluková analýza MeSH
• zánět diagnóza   imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: The classification of sleep signals is a subjective and time consuming task. A large number of automatic classifiers have been published in the past decade but a sleep community has no strong confidence to use them in clinical practice and still remains using a standard manual scoring according standardized rules. NEW METHOD: We developed a semi-supervised data-driven approach for objective and efficient evaluation of polysomnographic (PSG) data. The proposed algorithm finds a representative set of signal segments that are subsequently scored by a sleep neurologist. The remaining part of the recording is then automatically classified using these templates. RESULTS: The method was evaluated on 36 PSG recordings (18 chronic insomniacs, 18 healthy controls). We show a faster and objective evaluation of PSG data compared to the manual scoring that is over-performing automated classifiers (accuracy increases ∼14%). The classification results are comparable on both datasets. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S): The methodology that we propose has not yet been published in the area of sleep PSG data processing. The performance of our method is comparable to various published automated approaches (a typical published classification accuracy is ∼75-95%). The method allows the evaluation of PSG recordings in more general terms and across different recording devices and standards. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed solution is not based on a single-purpose rules or heuristics and training model is not trained on other patient's sleep recordings. The method is applicable to wide range of similar tasks and various types of physiological signals.

• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektroencefalografie * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozek fyziologie   MeSH
• mozkové vlny MeSH
• počítačové zpracování signálu MeSH
• polysomnografie metody   MeSH
• poruchy iniciace a udržování spánku patofyziologie   MeSH
• shluková analýza MeSH
• spánek fyziologie   MeSH
• strojové učení MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

A passive biomonitoring survey using terrestrial mosses was performed in a heavily polluted industrial region on the border between Czechia and Poland in a regular grid of 41 sampling points. The concentrations of 38 elements were determined in the moss samples, using Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA). Simultaneously, air pollution modelling was performed using the Czech reference methodology Symos'97 for the year of the sampling (2015) and 3 years prior (2012) in order to compare the results of both the approaches and evaluate the credibility of the moss biomonitoring method. The NAA results were transformed according to the principles of compositional data analysis and assessed using hierarchical clustering on principal components. The resulting clusters were compared with the results of air pollution modelling using one-way analysis of variance. The association of determined clusters with the pollution from industrial sources was confirmed only for the results of the 2012 modelling. This validates the complementarity of the air pollution modelling and the moss biomonitoring, ascertains the moss biomonitoring as a valid method for long-term pollution assessment and confirms one of the fundamentals of moss biomonitoring, the reflection of the atmospheric conditions prevailing in the period before the sampling.

• MeSH
• biologický monitoring MeSH
• Bryophyta * MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch analýza   MeSH
• mechy * MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• těžké kovy analýza   MeSH
• znečištění ovzduší analýza   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Polsko MeSH

A convenient geometrical description of the microvascular network is necessary for computationally efficient mathematical modelling of liver perfusion, metabolic and other physiological processes. The tissue models currently used are based on the generally accepted schematic structure of the parenchyma at the lobular level, assuming its perfect regular structure and geometrical symmetries. Hepatic lobule, portal lobule, or liver acinus are considered usually as autonomous functional units on which particular physiological problems are studied. We propose a new periodic unit-the liver representative periodic cell (LRPC) and establish its geometrical parametrization. The LRPC is constituted by two portal lobulae, such that it contains the liver acinus as a substructure. As a remarkable advantage over the classical phenomenological modelling approaches, the LRPC enables for multiscale modelling based on the periodic homogenization method. Derived macroscopic equations involve so called effective medium parameters, such as the tissue permeability, which reflect the LRPC geometry. In this way, mutual influences between the macroscopic phenomena, such as inhomogeneous perfusion, and the local processes relevant to the lobular (mesoscopic) level are respected. The LRPC based model is intended for its use within a complete hierarchical model of the whole liver. Using the Double-permeability Darcy model obtained by the homogenization, we illustrate the usefulness of the LRPC based modelling to describe the blood perfusion in the parenchyma.

• MeSH
• anatomické modely * MeSH
• biologické modely MeSH
• játra anatomie a histologie   krevní zásobení   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrocirkulace MeSH
• ověření koncepční studie MeSH
• perfuze MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Although increasingly complex models have been proposed in mediation literature, there is no model nor software that incorporates the multiple possible generalizations of the simple mediation model jointly. We propose a flexible moderated mediation model allowing for (1) a hierarchical structure of clustered data, (2) more and possibly correlated mediators, and (3) an ordinal outcome. The motivating data set is obtained from a European study in nursing research. Patients' willingness to recommend their treating hospital was recorded in an ordinal way. The research question is whether such recommendation directly depends on system-level features in the organization of nursing care, or whether these associations are mediated by 2 measurements of nursing care left undone and possibly moderated by nurse education. We have developed a Bayesian approach and accompanying program that takes all the above generalizations into account.

• MeSH
• Bayesova věta * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• personál sesterský nemocniční statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• počítačová simulace MeSH
• regresní analýza * MeSH
• spokojenost pacientů MeSH
• víceúrovňová analýza * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH