human polyomavirus 7 Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
BACKGROUND: Human polyomavirus (HPyV)6 and HPyV7 are shed chronically from human skin. HPyV7, but not HPyV6, has been linked to a pruritic skin eruption of immunosuppression. OBJECTIVE: We determined whether biopsy specimens showing a characteristic pattern of dyskeratosis and parakeratosis might be associated with polyomavirus infection. METHODS: We screened biopsy specimens showing "peacock plumage" histology by polymerase chain reaction for HPyVs. Cases positive for HPyV6 or HPyV7 were then analyzed by immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and complete sequencing, including unbiased, next-generation sequencing. RESULTS: We identified 3 additional cases of HPyV6 or HPyV7 skin infections. Expression of T antigen and viral capsid was abundant in lesional skin. Dual immunofluorescence staining experiments confirmed that HPyV7 primarily infects keratinocytes. High viral loads in lesional skin compared with normal-appearing skin and the identification of intact virions by both electron microscopy and next-generation sequencing support a role for active viral infections in these skin diseases. LIMITATION: This was a small case series of archived materials. CONCLUSION: We have found that HPyV6 and HPyV7 are associated with rare, pruritic skin eruptions with a distinctive histologic pattern and describe this entity as "HPyV6- and HPyV7-associated pruritic and dyskeratotic dermatoses."
- MeSH
- antigeny virové nádorové analýza MeSH
- biopsie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- keratinocyty virologie MeSH
- keratóza patologie virologie MeSH
- kůže patologie virologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- polyomavirové infekce komplikace virologie MeSH
- Polyomavirus genetika imunologie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- pruritus patologie virologie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- virová nálož MeSH
- virové plášťové proteiny analýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BK virus je široce rozšířený lidský polyomavirus, který u imunokompetentních osob nemá valný klinický význam. V průběhu imunosuprese může latentní infekce reaktivovat a být příčinou různých afekcí močového traktu. Polyoma virová infekce ledvinného štěpu (BK virus nefropatie, BKN) byla v nedávné době identifikována jako jedna ze závažných příčin dysfunkce štěpu. Diagnóza BKN je možná pouze histologicky. V období od září 2000 do května 2002 jsme vyšetřili 541 biopsií ledvinných štěpů od 390 příjemců. V 7 biopsiích a v jednom explantovaném štěpu od tří pacientů byla imunohistochemickým průkazem diagnostikována polyoma virová infekce (prevalence 1,3% v biopsiích štěpů). Hlavním morfologickým znakem infekce byly intranukleární inkluze v epiteliálních buňkách celého nefronu. BKN vedla ve všech případech k ireverzibilní dysfunkci a v 50% k předčasné ztrátě štěpu.
Background . BK virus is a human polyomavirus without clinical significance in healthy people. Latent BK virus infection of the renal epithelium can be reactivated by immunosuppression and cause a variety of clinical presentations of the urinary tract. Recently BK-virus nephropathy (BKN) was recognized as a cause of graft dysfunction. The diagnosis can only be made histologically. Methods and results . Polyomavirus nephritis was identified in 3 patients, in 7 biopsies and 1 nephrectomy specimen of 541 biopsies from 390 kidney recipients between September 2000 and May 2002. The prevalence of BKN is 1.3% in the graft biopsies. Intranuclear viral inclusion bodies in epithelial cells along the entire nephron were the histological hallmarks of infection and definite virus identification was done by immunohistochemistry. BK-virus nephropathy was associated with graft loss in 50% of patients. Conclusion . Polyomavirus infection can cause renal graft dysfunction and graft loss. Improved antiviral therapy is needed for better control of polyomavirus infections.
- MeSH
- biopsie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- imunohistochemie MeSH
- intersticiální nefritida diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- ledviny MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- moč cytologie MeSH
- polyomavirové infekce diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- rejekce štěpu MeSH
- transplantace ledvin MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Polyomaviry patří mezi skupinu virů, která je v poslední době v popředí zájmu mnoha vědeckých skupin. Po 35 let se zdálo, že jedinými lidskými polyomaviry budou viry JC a BK, známé patogeny imunokompromitovaných pacientů. V roce 2007 však byly izolovány další dva - WU a Kl polyomaviry, jejichž patogenita je stále diskutována. O rok později přibyl další zástupce - polyomavirus spojovaný s karcinomem z Merkelovych buněk a do konce roku 2014 jich bylo popsáno dalších 7. Některé z nich se podařilo spojit s různými chorobami, u jiných se uvažuje, že jsou součástí běžného mikrobiomu kůže a sliznic. V článku autoři shrnuli základní informace o všech doposud popsaných lidských polyomavirech.
Polyomaviruses belong to a group of viruses that has recently attracted the attention of many research groups. During 35 years, JC and BK viruses, known pathogens in immunocompromised patients, seemed to be the only human polyomaviruses. But in 2007, two other polyomaviruses, WU and KI, were isolated whose pathogenicity is still a matter of discussion. A year later, another human polyomavirus, associated with Merkel cell carcinoma, was identified, and seven more were described by the end of 2014. Some of them were found to be related to various diseases, others seem to be a part of the normal skin and mucosal microbiome. The article summarizes basic information about all so far described human polyomaviruses.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- polyomavirové infekce * etiologie MeSH
- Polyomavirus * klasifikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Virové infekce patří mezi jedny z nejčastějších infekčních komplikací postihující příjemce transplantovaných orgánů. V důsledku imunosupresivní terapie, která dominantně ovlivňuje buněčnou imunitu a úspěšně tak redukuje incidenci akutní rejekce, dochází k vyššímu výskytu virových infekcí. Herpetické viry a polyomaviry jsou ubikvitérní patogeny, které mají schopnost perzistence v organizmu ve stadiu latence. Kromě reaktivace infekce dochází po transplantaci k primoinfekci přenesené od dárce, které zvyšují morbiditu a podílejí se na zhoršeném přežívání pacientů. Vedle toho mají dlouhodobé nepřímé dopady, v jejichž důsledku dochází k poškození funkce transplantovaných orgánů a jejich předčasné ztrátě. V tomto článku je uveden stručný přehled infekcí s největším dopadem na příjemce transplantované ledviny, tedy cytomegalovirus a BK polyomavirus, jejich diagnostika, prevence a léčba.
Viral infections are among the most common infectious complications affecting transplant recipients. Due to immunosuppressive therapy predominantly affecting cellular immunity and thus successfully reducing the incidence of acute rejection, there is a higher incidence of viral infections. Herpesviruses and polyomaviruses are ubiquitous pathogens which have the ability to persist in a state of latent infection. In addition to post-transplant reactivation, donor-induced primoinfection can also occur, leading to increased morbidity and contributing to decreased survival of patients. Moreover, there are long-term indirect effects, resulting in an impaired function of the transplanted organs and their premature loss. This article provides a brief overview of infections which have the greatest impact on transplant recipients, i.e. cytomegalovirus and BK polyomavirus, their diagnosis, prevention and treatment.
- Klíčová slova
- polyomavirová nefropatie, preemptivní terapie, valaciklovir,
- MeSH
- acyklovir analogy a deriváty terapeutické užití MeSH
- antivirové látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- cytomegalovirové infekce * diagnóza farmakoterapie patofyziologie MeSH
- Cytomegalovirus izolace a purifikace patogenita MeSH
- ganciklovir analogy a deriváty terapeutické užití MeSH
- hostitel s imunodeficiencí MeSH
- imunosupresivní léčba škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci ledvin diagnóza etiologie virologie MeSH
- polyomavirové infekce * diagnóza patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- pooperační komplikace prevence a kontrola virologie MeSH
- premedikace MeSH
- rejekce štěpu MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- takrolimus škodlivé účinky MeSH
- transplantace ledvin * MeSH
- valganciklovir MeSH
- valin analogy a deriváty terapeutické užití MeSH
- virus BK patogenita MeSH
- virus JC patogenita MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), a ubiquitous DNA tumor virus, has been found to be associated with Merkel cell carcinoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Previous studies have reported conflicting results on the frequency and potential pathogenetic role of MCPyV in CLL. The aim of this study was to evaluate MCPyV's association with CLL and its prognostic significance. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 2006 and 2013, DNA samples obtained from CLL patients (n = 119) before treatment were tested for MCPyV using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis and verified by gel electrophoresis. Only samples testing positive by both methods were considered valid. RESULTS: We found that 13 (11%) of 119 CLL cases were positive for MCPyV. Between the groups of MCPyV-positive and -negative patients, there was no significant difference in the sex, age, cytogenetics, presence of p53 defect, or immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGHV) mutational status. In the subset of MCPyV-negative patients, advanced Rai stage (III to IV) was found more frequently, and therapy was initiated more often. There was no difference in overall response rate, median progression-free survival, and overall survival between both groups. We did not observe any new positivity after treatment in initially MCPyV-negative patients. CONCLUSION: This study provides the first analysis of the prognostic role of MCPyV in CLL. MCPyV occurrence seems to be a relatively rare event during the course of CLL. MCPyV is also unlikely to influence the outcome of CLL patients.
- MeSH
- chronická lymfatická leukemie diagnóza virologie MeSH
- elektroforéza v polyakrylamidovém gelu MeSH
- infekce onkogenními viry diagnóza virologie MeSH
- kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Merkelův polyomavirus patogenita MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- polyomavirové infekce diagnóza virologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- těžké řetězce imunoglobulinů genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: BK virus (BKV) replication is considered as a marker of risk for polyomavirus BK-associated nephropathy (PVAN). We evaluated the occurrence and risk factors for BKV DNA positivity following simultaneous pancreas/kidney transplantation (SPK). METHODS: Point prevalence of BK viruria and viremia was assessed in 183 SPK recipients. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used with a detection threshold of 10(3) copies/mL. High-level BKV positivity was defined as viruria and/or viremia >10(7) and >10(4) copies/mL, respectively. BKV-positive patients were retested after 4-13 months and underwent an additional six-month clinical follow-up. RESULTS: Urine and serum BKV positivity was detected in 28 (17.3% of available samples) and 7 (3.8%) patients, with high-level viruria and viremia occurring in 6 (3.7%) and 3 (1.6%) patients, respectively. PVAN was biopsy-confirmed in 1 and suspected as a cause of progressive renal failure in another SPK recipient. Patients with single low-level viruria did not progress to high-level positivity or PVAN at follow-up. In multivariate analysis, pre-transplant diabetes duration and delayed graft function were independently associated with BKV positivity. CONCLUSIONS: Point prevalence of high-level BKV positivity and PVAN was low in SPK recipients from a single center. Diabetes duration and delayed graft function were independent risk factors for BKV replication.
- MeSH
- DNA virů krev MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- infekce onkogenními viry diagnóza MeSH
- kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci ledvin diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- polyomavirové infekce diagnóza MeSH
- replikace viru MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- transplantace ledvin škodlivé účinky MeSH
- transplantace slinivky břišní škodlivé účinky MeSH
- viremie diagnóza MeSH
- virová nálož MeSH
- virus BK izolace a purifikace fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Adoptive transfer of multivirus-specific T cell lines (MVST) is an advanced tool for immunotherapy of virus infections after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Their preparation includes activation of donor virus-specific T cells by the mixture of oligopeptides derived from immunodominant antigens of several most harmful viruses, i.e. human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), polyomavirus BK (BKV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and adenovirus (ADV). The aim of our study was to find out whether antigenic competition may have an impact on the expansion of virus-specific T cells. MVST from several heathy blood donors were generated using a pulse of overlapping oligopeptides (PepMixes™, derived from the IE1 and pp65 CMV antigens, VP1 and LTAG BKV antigens, BZLF1 and EBNA1 proteins of EBV and hexon protein from ADV) and short time culture in the presence of IL-7 and IL-4. The amount of virus-specific T cells in MVST was measured by ELISPOT and flow cytometry after re-stimulation with individual antigens. To evaluate antigenic competition, MVST were expanded either with a complete set of antigens or with the mixture lacking some of them. MVST expanded with the antigen mixture including CMV antigens contained a lower proportion of the T cells of other antigen specificities. A similar inhibitory effect was not apparent for EBV-derived peptides. The competitive effect of CMV antigens was most pronounced in MVST from CMV-seropositive donors and was mediated by both IE1 and pp65-derived peptides. Antigenic competition did not influence the phenotype of either CMV- or BKV-specific T cells. Both T cell populations had an effector memory phenotype (CD45RO+, CD27-, CCR7-). However, CMV-specific T cells preferentially consist of CD8+ while in BKV-specific T cells, the CD4+ phenotype predominated. Modification of the MVST manufacture protocol to prevent antigenic competition may increase the efficacy of MVST in therapy of BKV infections in HSCT recipients.
- MeSH
- Adenoviridae imunologie patogenita MeSH
- adenovirové infekce lidí imunologie terapie virologie MeSH
- aktivace lymfocytů MeSH
- antigeny virové imunologie MeSH
- cytomegalovirové infekce imunologie terapie virologie MeSH
- Cytomegalovirus imunologie patogenita MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- imunodominantní epitopy MeSH
- imunoterapie adoptivní * MeSH
- infekce onkogenními viry imunologie terapie virologie MeSH
- infekce virem Epsteina-Barrové imunologie terapie virologie MeSH
- interakce hostitele a patogenu MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- polyomavirové infekce imunologie terapie virologie MeSH
- T-lymfocyty imunologie transplantace virologie MeSH
- transplantace hematopoetických kmenových buněk škodlivé účinky MeSH
- virové nemoci imunologie terapie virologie MeSH
- virus BK imunologie patogenita MeSH
- virus Epsteinův-Barrové imunologie patogenita MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Human polyomaviruses HPyV6, HPyV7, TSPyV, HPyV9, MWPyV, and KIPyV have been discovered between 2007 and 2012. TSPyV causes a rare skin disease trichodysplasia spinulosa in immunocompromised patients, the role of remaining polyomaviruses in human pathology is not clear. In this study, we assessed the occurrence of serum antibodies against above polyomaviruses in healthy blood donors. Serum samples were examined by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), using virus-like particles (VLPs) based on the major VP1 capsid proteins of these viruses. Overall, serum antibodies against HPyV6, HPyV7, TSPyV, HPyV9, MWPyV, and KIPyV were found in 88.2%, 65.7%, 63.2%, 31.6%, 84.4%, and 58%, respectively, of this population. The seroprevalence generally increased with age, the highest rise we observed for HPyV9 and KIPyV specific antibodies. The levels of anti-HPyV antibodies remained stable across the age-groups, except for TSPyV and HPyV9, where we saw change with age. ELISAs based on VLP and GST-VP1 gave comparable seroprevalence for HPyV6 antibodies (88.2% vs.85.3%) but not for HPyV7 antibodies (65.7% vs. 77.2%), suggesting some degree of crossreactivity between HPyV6 and HPyV7 VP1 proteins. In conclusion, these results provide evidence that human polyomaviruses HPyV6, HPyV7, TSPyV, HPyV9, MwPyV, and KIPyV circulate widely in the Czech population and their seroprevalence is comparable to other countries.
- MeSH
- dárci krve * MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hostitel s imunodeficiencí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- myši MeSH
- polyomavirové infekce epidemiologie imunologie virologie MeSH
- Polyomavirus klasifikace genetika imunologie MeSH
- protilátky virové krev MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
- virion imunologie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- virové plášťové proteiny genetika imunologie MeSH
- zdraví dobrovolníci pro lékařské studie MeSH
- zkřížené reakce MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Československo epidemiologie MeSH
Polyomavirus BK (BKV) is a common human polyomavirus that rarely causes clinical symptoms in immunocompetent individuals. However, BK virus reactivation occurs in 20-40% of kidney transplant patients and 1-10% of cases present with BK virus-associated nephropathy (BKVN) and reduced kidney allograft survival. In this study, 120 consecutive renal allograft recipients were monitored for BK virus replication by real-time PCR (qPCR) in the blood and urine during the first year post-transplantation and risk factors for BK viremia, viruria, and polyoma BKV-associated nephropathy were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the cutoff points for assessing the risk of developing BKVN. In total, 1,243 samples were tested. BK-DNAuria >10(7) copies/ml and BK-DNAemia >10(4) copies/ml were found in 25.8% and 5% of the samples screened, respectively, during the 12 month follow-up period. BKVN was confirmed histologically in 3/120 patients and viremic patients were treated with dialysis for longer time periods and had higher levels of panel [corrected] reactive antibodies. Patients with viruria were also treated longer with dialysis and had impaired graft function 12 months post-transplantation. Patients with sustained viruria exhibited more acute rejection episodes than patients with transient viruria. Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the cutoff point for viremia and viruria was redefined to 10(3) copies/ml serum for BK viremia and a cutoff point of 6.7 × 10(7) copies/ml in urine. In conclusion, polyoma BK viremia and viruria are frequent findings in kidney transplant recipients that warrant intensive monitoring as a means of preventing graft failure [corrected].
- MeSH
- dialýza ledvin škodlivé účinky MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- krev virologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- moč virologie MeSH
- polyomavirové infekce diagnóza epidemiologie virologie MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- ROC křivka MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- transplantace ledvin škodlivé účinky MeSH
- transplantace MeSH
- virus BK izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH