A high-throughput, medium-discrimination method for preliminary typing and selecting non-identical isolates of lactic acid bacteria in cheeses was developed. RAMP, a PCR with one microsatellite-targeted and one random primer, was used for preliminary typing of 1119 isolates of lactic acid bacteria from Slovak Bryndza cheese. A total of 59 genotypes were identified based on RAMP profiles consisting of 12-23 DNA fragments of 150-3000 bp. For example, 18, 17, 13 and 7 different RAMP-types were identified in Lactobacillus brevis, L. plantarum, L. paracasei and L. fermentum, respectively. The method facilitated well reproducible, medium-discrimination typing of Lactobacillus spp. and Pediococcus spp. at a subspecies level and proved to be suitable for preliminary typing of lactic acid bacteria isolated from cheese.

• MeSH
• acidóza laktátová metabolismus   MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• DNA fingerprinting metody   MeSH
• DNA primery genetika   MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• Lactobacillaceae genetika   izolace a purifikace   klasifikace   MeSH
• mikrosatelitní repetice MeSH
• sýr mikrobiologie   MeSH
• technika náhodné amplifikace polymorfní DNA metody   MeSH

The population structure of the fungal pathogen Pyrenophora teres, collected mainly from different regions of the Czech and Slovak Republics, was examined using a microsatellite analyses (SSR). Among 305 P. teres f. teres (PTT) and 82 P. teres f. maculata (PTM) isolates that were collected, the overall gene diversity was similar (ĥ = 0.12 and ĥ = 0.13, respectively). A high level of genetic differentiation (FST = 0.46; P < 0.001) indicated the existence of population structure. Nine clusters that were found using a Bayesian approach represent the genetic structure of the studied P. teres populations. Two clusters consisted of PTM populations; PTT populations formed another seven clusters. An exact test of population differentiation confirmed the results that were generated by Structure. There was no difference between naturally infected populations over time, and genetic distance did not correlate with geographical distance. The facts that all individuals had unique multilocus genotypes and that the hypothesis of random mating could not be rejected in several populations or subpopulations serve as evidence that a mixed mating system plays a role in the P. teres life cycle. Despite the fact that the genetic differentiation value between PTT and PTM (FST = 0.30; P < 0.001) is lower than it is between the populations within each form (FST = 0.40 (PTT); FST = 0.35 (PTM); P < 0.001) and that individuals with mixed PTT and PTM genomes were found, the two forms of P. teres form genetically separate populations. Therefore, it can be assumed that these populations have most likely undergone speciation.

• MeSH
• Ascomycota klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genetická variace * MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• mikrosatelitní repetice * MeSH
• molekulární typizace MeSH
• mykologické určovací techniky MeSH
• shluková analýza MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Slovenská republika MeSH

Ramularia collo-cygni (Rcc) is a major pathogen of barley that causes economically serious yield losses. Disease epidemics during the growing season are mainly propagated by asexual air-borne spores of Rcc, but it is thought that Rcc undergoes sexual reproduction during its life cycle and may also disperse by means of sexual ascospores. To obtain population genetic information from which to infer the extent of sexual reproduction and local genotype dispersal in Rcc, and by implication the pathogen's ability to adapt to fungicides and resistant cultivars, we developed ten polymorphic microsatellite markers, for which primers are presented. We used these markers to analyse the population genetic structure of this cereal pathogen in two geographically distant populations from the Czech Republic (n=30) and the United Kingdom (n=60) that had been sampled in a spatially explicit manner. Genetic diversity at the microsatellite loci was substantial, Ht=0.392 and Ht=0.411 in the Czech and UK populations respectively, and the populations were moderately differentiated at these loci (Θ=0.111, P<0.01). In both populations the multilocus genotypic diversity was very high (one clonal pair per population, resulting in >96% unique genotypes in each of the populations) and there was a lack of linkage disequilibrium among loci, strongly suggesting that sexual reproduction is an important component of the life cycle of Rcc. In an analysis of spatial genetic structure, kinship coefficients in all distance classes were very low (-0.0533 to 0.0142 in the Czech and -0.0268 to 0.0042 in the Scottish population) and non-significant (P>0.05) indicating lack of subpopulation structuring at the field scale and implying extensive dissemination of spores. These results suggest that Rcc possesses a high evolutionary potential for developing resistance to fungicides and overcoming host resistance genes, and argue for the development of an integrated disease management system that does not rely solely on fungicide applications.

• MeSH
• Ascomycota klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• DNA primery genetika   MeSH
• genetická variace * MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• ječmen (rod) mikrobiologie   MeSH
• mikrosatelitní repetice * MeSH
• molekulární typizace metody   MeSH
• mykologické určovací techniky metody   MeSH
• nemoci rostlin mikrobiologie   MeSH
• populační genetika MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Spojené království MeSH

The detection of microsatellite instability (MSI) is a standard part of mutational analysis in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancers (HNPCC). A characteristic phenotypic feature of MSI indicates loss of mismatch repair (MMR) in tumour cells. We studied MSI in 205 tumours from 152 patients with HNPCC. Of these, 37 patients fulfilled the Amsterdam criteria, 72 patients were familial and 43 were sporadic cases. We used the method of fragmentation analysis (ABI Prism 310 Genetic Analyzer) with fluorescent labelled primers; three mononucleotide (BAT-RII, BAT-25, BAT-26) and five dinucleotide (D2S123, D3S1029, D5S346, D17S250, D18S58) repeat loci were analysed. We detected 75 tumours with a high degree of MSI (MSI-H), 12 tumours with a low degree of MSI (MSI-L) and 118 tumours with stable microsatellites (MSS). We found a loss of heterozygozity (LOH) in 44 MSS tumours. In 30 patients with MSI-H tumours mutation in one of mismatch repair genes was detected.

• MeSH
• dědičné nepolypózní kolorektální nádory diagnóza   genetika   MeSH
• DNA primery analýza   genetika   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• imunohistochemie metody   využití   MeSH
• mikrosatelitní nestabilita účinky léků   MeSH
• mutační analýza DNA metody   využití   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce metody   využití   MeSH
• ztráta heterozygozity fyziologie   imunologie   MeSH

• MeSH
• DNA analýza   genetika   MeSH
• elektroforéza kapilární metody   MeSH
• endotelin-1 genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrosatelitní repetice genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

The results in this study suggest that microsatellite polymorphism within the transmembrane region of MIC-A gene is associated with genetic susceptibility to adult-onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), MIC-A5.1 allele, corrected P = 0.001, whereas it is not associated with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) in Czech population. According to our findings, we can hypothesize that adult-onset T1DM and LADA may have partly different immunogenetic aetiopathogenesis

• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 1. typu genetika   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• MHC antigeny I. třídy genetika   MeSH
• mikrosatelitní repetice genetika   MeSH
• polymorfismus genetický genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• MeSH
• chybné párování bází MeSH
• dědičné nepolypózní kolorektální nádory diagnóza   genetika   patofyziologie   MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
• genetické testování MeSH
• imunohistochemie metody   využití   MeSH
• mikrosatelitní nestabilita MeSH
• nádorové proteiny analýza   MeSH
• oprava chybného párování bází DNA MeSH

• Konspekt
• Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika
• NLK Obory
• onkologie
• gastroenterologie
• biologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• informační publikace

Bones are a valuable source of DNA in forensic, anthropological, and archaeological investigations. There are a number of scenarios in which the only samples available for testing are highly degraded and/or skeletonized. Often it is necessary to perform more than one type of marker analysis on such samples in order to compile sufficient data for identification. Lineage markers, such as Y-STRs and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), represent important systems to complement autosomal DNA markers and anthropological metadata in making associations between unidentified remains and living relatives or for characterization of the remains for historical and archaeological studies. In this comparative study, Y-STR typing with both Yfiler™ and Yfiler™ Plus (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) was performed on a variety of human skeletal remains, including samples from the American Civil War (1861-1865), the late nineteenth century gold rush era in Deadwood, SD, USA (1874-1877), the Seven Years' War (1756-1763), a seventeenth-century archaeological site in Raspenava, Bohemia (Czech Republic), and World War II (1939-1945). The skeletal remains used for this study were recovered from a wide range of environmental conditions and were extracted using several common methods. Regardless of the DNA extraction method used and the age/condition of the remains, 22 out of 24 bone samples yielded a greater number of alleles using the Yfiler™ Plus kit compared to the Yfiler™ kit using the same quantity of input DNA. There was no discernable correlation with the degradation index values for these samples. Overall, the efficacy of the Yfiler™ Plus assay was demonstrated on degraded DNA from skeletal remains. Yfiler™ Plus increases the discriminatory power over the previous generation multiplex due to the larger set of Y-STR markers available for analysis and buffer modifications with the newer version kit. Increased haplotype resolution is provided to infer or refute putative genetic relationships.

• MeSH
• alely MeSH
• DNA fingerprinting přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• kosti a kostní tkáň chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lidský chromozom Y MeSH
• mikrosatelitní repetice * MeSH
• nekrotická degradace DNA MeSH
• oběti katastrofy MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• tělesné pozůstatky * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

• MeSH
• chybné párování bází * genetika   MeSH
• dědičné nepolypózní kolorektální nádory genetika   MeSH
• DNA vazebné proteiny MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• homolog 2 proteinu MutS MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• kolorektální nádory * genetika   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrosatelitní nestabilita * MeSH
• mismatch repair endonukleáza PMS2 MeSH
• MutL homolog 1 MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH