processing map
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Funkční zobrazování magnetickou rezonancí (fMRI) bylo použito k předoperačnimu mapování řečové funkce mozku subjektů, které byly rozděleny do dvou věkových skupin: mladí pacienti 9-21 a starší pacienti 29-72 let. Pro stimulaci řečových center byla použita generace slov testem verbální fluence. Naměřené aktivace byly posuzovány kvalitativně vzhledem ke standardním funkčním mapám naměřeným na souboru zdravých dobrovolníků. Tyto mapy ukázaly tři hlavní shluky aktivních voxelů v levé hemisfére (skupinová statistika byla provedena jak na souboru 10 praváků, tak odděleně na souboru 5 leváků). U pacientů s lézí v levé hemisfére autoři našli zvýšený počet bilaterální aktivace některé Z posuzovaných lokalit a také kompletní přesuny aktivace do pravé hemisféry. U mladých pacientů bylo nalezeno 33 % bilaterálně sdružených aktivací a v 8 % posuzovaných center došlo k úplnému přemístění. U starších pacientů byla bilaterální aktivace nalezena pouze v 17 % případů. Naše studie potvrzuje vyšší pravděpodobnost bilaterální nebo hemisferálně přesunuté lokalizace některé participující řečové funkční oblasti u mladých pacientů.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used for pre-surgical mapping of brain verbal processing in patients suffering from left hemisphere lesion. A file of patients contained 20 subjects divided into two groups according to age: the group of young patients of 9-21 years and the group of older patients of 29-72 years. A word generation with the verbal fluency test was used to stimulate brain verbal areas. Functional activations were qualitatively compared with standard functional maps measured on the group of healthy volunteers. These standard maps showed 3 main clusters of active voxels in the left hemisphere (a group statistic was performed in both 10 right-hander subjects and separately in 5 left-hander subjects). Authors found higher number of bilaterally activated clusters and also of complete inter-hemispherical shift in patients with left hemisphere lesion compared to normal population. In the group of young patients, there were 33% of bilateral activations found in some of 3 standard functional locations and in 8% even complete shift to the right hemisphere was observed. Some bilateral activation was found only in 17% in the group of older subjects. This study confirms higher probability of bilateral verbal activation or even shift of activity from the left to the right hemisphere in young patients at least in some participating verbal area.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- mapování mozku MeSH
- měření tvorby řeči metody MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- neuroplasticita MeSH
- předoperační péče MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Úvod: Vzdelávanie v ošetrovateľstve prechádza periodickými zmenami v dôsledku neustálej inovácie vzdelávacieho procesu. Inovácia sa neuskutočňuje len v kontexte vzdelávania, ale aj v prospech študentov. Cieľ: Načrtnúť možnosti aplikácie myšlienkových máp do vzdelávania v ošetrovateľstve. Metodika: Rozvoj jednotlivých pojmov pri tvorbe ošetrovateľskej mapy prebiehal postupne podľa zvolenej metodiky, pričom boli študenti kontinuálne facilitovaní a vedení zo strany vyučujúceho počas vyučovacieho procesu. Pre spracovanie máp bol využitý MS Office 365 v aplikácii MS Word. Výsledky: Príspevok prezentuje štyri myšlienkové mapy vplyvu makronutrientov vo výžive a fyzickej aktivity na kardiovaskulárny systém spracované študentmi Ošetrovateľstva a Verejného zdravotníctva. Ich význam vo vzdelávaní bol založený na konštruktivistickom prístupe medzi učiteľom a študentom, ktorý posúval študenta od zapamätania k logickému premýšľaniu a učiteľa k strategickej výučbe predmetu. Naše skúsenosti potvrdzujú i výsledky štúdií, ktoré prezentujú myšlienkovú mapu ako inovatívnu metódu zmysluplného učenia, získavania informácií a sebahodnotenia. Záver: Myšlienkovú mapu možno považovať za alternatívnu výučbovú stratégiu, ktorá umožňuje študentom rozvíjať schopnosti, organizovať a zoskupovať informácie zmysluplným spôsobom.
Introduction: Nursing education undergoes periodic changes due to the constant innovation of the educational process. Innovation takes place not only in the context of education, but also for the benefit of students. Goal: Point out the possibilities of applying thought maps to nursing education. Methodology: The development of individual concepts in the creation of the nursing map took place gradually according to the chosen methodology, while the students were continuously facilitated and guided by the teacher during the teaching process. MS Office 365 in MS Word was used for maping. Results: The paper presents four mind maps of the influence of macronutrients in nutrition and physical activity on the cardiovascular system prepared by students of Nursing and Public Health. Their importance in education was based on a constructivist approach between teacher and student, which moved the student from memory to logical thinking and the teacher to strategic teaching of the subject. Our experience is also confirmed by the results of studies that present a mind map as an innovative method of meaningful learning, information acquisition and self-evaluation.Conclusion: A mind map can be considered as an alternative learning strategy that allows students to develop skills, organize and group information in a meaningful way.
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- distanční studium MeSH
- kardiovaskulární systém MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mapy jako téma MeSH
- myšlení MeSH
- pohybová aktivita MeSH
- problémově orientovaná výuka metody MeSH
- studium ošetřovatelství vysokoškolské * metody MeSH
- učení MeSH
- vzdělávací modely MeSH
- živiny MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
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- biologické jevy genetika MeSH
- enzymy genetika MeSH
- geny MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mapování chromozomů MeSH
- myši MeSH
- patologické procesy genetika MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Using functional neuroimaging techniques (PET and fMRI), various cortical, limbic, and paralimbic structures have been identified in the last decade as neural substrates of human emotion. In this study we used a novel approach (intracerebral recordings of event-related potentials) to add to our knowledge of specific brain regions involved in affective picture processing. Ten intractable epileptic patients undergoing pre-surgical depth electrode recording viewed pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant pictures and intracerebral event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. A total of 752 cortical and subcortical sites were investigated. Significant differences in ERPs to unpleasant as compared to neutral or pleasant pictures were frequently and consistently observed in recordings from various brain areas--the mesial temporal cortex (the amygdala, the hippocampus, the temporal pole), the lateral temporal cortex, the mesial prefrontal cortex (ACC and the medial frontal gyrus), and the lateral prefrontal cortex. Interestingly, the mean latencies of responses to emotional stimuli were somewhat shorter in the frontal lobe structures (with evidently earlier activation within lateral prefrontal areas when compared to mesial prefrontal cortex) and longer in the temporal lobe regions. These differences, however, were not significant. Additional clearly positive findings were observed in some rarely investigated regions--in the posterior parietal cortex, the precuneus, and the insula. An approximately equivalent number of positive findings was revealed in the left and right hemisphere structures. These results are in agreement with a multisystem model of human emotion, distributed far beyond the typical limbic system and substantially comprising lateral aspects of both frontal lobes as well.
- MeSH
- analýza rozptylu MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- elektroencefalografie MeSH
- epilepsie MeSH
- estetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mapování mozku MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mozek fyziologie MeSH
- reakční čas MeSH
- zraková percepce fyziologie MeSH
- zrakové evokované potenciály MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a staple food for a significant part of the world's population. The growing demand on its production can be satisfied by improving yield and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Knowledge of the genome sequence would aid in discovering genes and QTLs underlying these traits and provide a basis for genomics-assisted breeding. Physical maps and BAC clones associated with them have been valuable resources from which to generate a reference genome of bread wheat and to assist map-based gene cloning. As a part of a joint effort coordinated by the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium, we have constructed a BAC-based physical map of bread wheat chromosome arm 7DS consisting of 895 contigs and covering 94% of its estimated length. By anchoring BAC contigs to one radiation hybrid map and three high resolution genetic maps, we assigned 73% of the assembly to a distinct genomic position. This map integration, interconnecting a total of 1713 markers with ordered and sequenced BAC clones from a minimal tiling path, provides a tool to speed up gene cloning in wheat. The process of physical map assembly included the integration of the 7DS physical map with a whole-genome physical map of Aegilops tauschii and a 7DS Bionano genome map, which together enabled efficient scaffolding of physical-map contigs, even in the non-recombining region of the genetic centromere. Moreover, this approach facilitated a comparison of bread wheat and its ancestor at BAC-contig level and revealed a reconstructed region in the 7DS pericentromere.
- MeSH
- Aegilops genetika MeSH
- centromera genetika MeSH
- chromozomy rostlin genetika MeSH
- fyzikální mapování chromozomů metody MeSH
- genom rostlinný MeSH
- hybridizace genetická MeSH
- klonování DNA MeSH
- pšenice genetika MeSH
- rostlinné geny MeSH
- šlechtění rostlin MeSH
- umělé bakteriální chromozomy genetika MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Changes in connectivity of the posterior node of the default mode network (DMN) were studied when switching from baseline to a cognitive task using functional magnetic resonance imaging. In all, 15 patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 18 age-, gender-, and education-matched healthy controls (HC) participated in the study. Psychophysiological interactions analysis was used to assess the specific alterations in the DMN connectivity (deactivation-based) due to psychological effects from the complex visual scene encoding task. In HC, we observed task-induced connectivity decreases between the posterior cingulate and middle temporal and occipital visual cortices. These findings imply successful involvement of the ventral visual pathway during the visual processing in our HC cohort. In AD, involvement of the areas engaged in the ventral visual pathway was observed only in a small volume of the right middle temporal gyrus. Additional connectivity changes (decreases) in AD were present between the posterior cingulate and superior temporal gyrus when switching from baseline to task condition. These changes are probably related to both disturbed visual processing and the DMN connectivity in AD and reflect deficits and compensatory mechanisms within the large scale brain networks in this patient population. Studying the DMN connectivity using psychophysiological interactions analysis may provide a sensitive tool for exploring early changes in AD and their dynamics during the disease progression.
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- Alzheimerova nemoc patologie MeSH
- kyslík krev MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- mapování mozku * MeSH
- mozek krevní zásobení patofyziologie MeSH
- nervová síť krevní zásobení patologie MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- počítačové zpracování obrazu MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- zrakové dráhy krevní zásobení patofyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
An evidence-based approach is considered the gold standard for health decision-making. Sometimes, a guideline panel might judge the certainty that the desirable effects of an intervention clearly outweigh its undesirable effects as high, but the body of supportive evidence is indirect. In such cases, the application of the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach for grading the strength of recommendations is inappropriate. Instead, the GRADE Working Group has recommended developing ungraded best or good practice statement (GPS) and developed guidance under which circumsances they would be appropriate.Through an evaluation of COVID-1- related recommendations on the eCOVID Recommendation Map (COVID-19.recmap.org), we found that recommendations qualifying a GPS were widespread. However, guideline developers failed to label them as GPS or transparently report justifications for their development. We identified ways to improve and facilitate the operationalisation and implementation of the GRADE guidance for GPS.Herein, we propose a structured process for the development of GPSs that includes applying a sequential order for the GRADE guidance for developing GPS. This operationalisation considers relevant evidence-to-decision criteria when assessing the net consequences of implementing the statement, and reporting information supporting judgments for each criterion. We also propose a standardised table to facilitate the identification of GPS and reporting of their development. This operationalised guidance, if endorsed by guideline developers, may palliate some of the shortcomings identified. Our proposal may also inform future updates of the GRADE guidance for GPS.
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- COVID-19 * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- medicína založená na důkazech * MeSH
- výzkumný projekt MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
