BACKGROUND: SuperAging is one of the current concepts related to elite, resilient or high-functioning cognitive aging. The main aim of our study was to find possible predictors of SuperAgers (SA). METHODS: Community-dwelling older persons (N = 96) aged 80-101 years in 2018 were repeatedly tested (year 2012 and 2018). SA were defined based on their performance in 2018 as persons of 80+ years of age who recalled ≥ 9 words in the delayed recall of the Philadelphia Verbal Learning Test, and had a normal performance in non-memory tasks [the Boston Naming Test, the Trail Making Test Part B, and Category Fluency ("Animals")], which was defined as a score within or above one standard deviation from the age and education appropriate average. Three composite scores (CS; immediate memory, processing speed, and executive functions) were created from the performance in 2012, and analysed as possible predictors of SA status in 2018. RESULTS: We identified 19 SA (15 females) and 77 nonSA (42 females), groups did not significantly differ in age, years of education, and sex. The logistic regression model (p = 0.028) revealed three predictors of SA from the baseline (year 2012), including processing speed (p = 0.006; CS-speed: the Prague Stroop Test-Dots and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test), sex (p = 0.015), and age (p = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS: Thus, SA may be predicted based on the level of processing speed, which supports the hypothesis of the processing speed theory of healthy aging.

• MeSH
• exekutivní funkce MeSH
• kognice MeSH
• kognitivní poruchy * psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy MeSH
• rychlost zpracování * MeSH
• Stroopův test MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cognitive impairment (CI) in multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with bidirectional changes in resting-state centrality measures. However, practicable functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) biomarkers of CI are still lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the graph-theory-based degree rank order disruption index (kD) and its association with cognitive processing speed as a marker of CI in patients with MS (PwMS) in a secondary cross-sectional fMRI analysis. METHODS: Differentiation between PwMS and healthy controls (HCs) using kD and its correlation with CI (Symbol Digit Modalities Test) was compared to established imaging biomarkers (regional degree, volumetry, diffusion-weighted imaging, lesion mapping). Additional associations were assessed for fatigue (Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions), gait and global disability. RESULTS: Analysis in 56 PwMS and 58 HCs (35/27 women, median age 45.1/40.5 years) showed lower kD in PwMS than in HCs (median -0.30/-0.06, interquartile range 0.55/0.54; p = 0.009, Mann-Whitney U test), yielding acceptable yet non-superior differentiation (area under curve 0.64). kD and degree in medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) correlated with CI (kD/MPFC Spearman's ρ = 0.32/-0.45, p = 0.019/0.001, n = 55). kD also explained fatigue (ρ = -0.34, p = 0.010, n = 56) but neither gait nor disability. CONCLUSIONS: kD is a potential biomarker of CI and fatigue warranting further validation.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce etiologie   patofyziologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie * MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza * komplikace   diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   MeSH
• rychlost zpracování MeSH
• únava * patofyziologie   etiologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• dominance mozková MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• reakční čas MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

• MeSH
• archivy MeSH
• nemocniční informační systémy organizace a řízení   využití   MeSH
• počítače - zařízení pro uchovávání dat MeSH
• počítačové zpracování obrazu MeSH
• využití lékařské informatiky MeSH

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• sportovní úrazy ošetřování   terapie   MeSH
• způsoby aplikace léků MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Východisko. Cílem studie bylo ověřit vztah mezi stárnutím, psychomotorickým tempem a rychlostí vyhledávání ze sémantické paměti za použití jednoduchých klinických testů. Metody a výsledky. U 95 zdravých dobrovolníků průměrného věku 45,8 ± 17 let (min. 20, max. 80 let) byl měřen čas ve zkráceném testu sémantické slovní plynulosti (vyjmenovat 12 zvířat) a 2 testech psychomotorického tempa. S přibývajícím věkem došlo k významnému zpomalení ve všech použitých testech (ANOVA, p < 0,001). Závěry. V průběhu fyziologického stárnutí dochází ke zpomalení psychomotorického tempa a vyhledávání v sémantické paměťové síti. Další studie ukážou, zda je možné použít tyto rychlé a jednoduché testy ke skríninku demence v klinické praxi.

Background. The aim of the study was to assess relations among psychomotor speed, speed of searching from semantic memory and aging using simple bedside tests. Methods and Results.We included 95 healthy volunteers with mean age 45.8 ± 17 years (min. 20, max. 80 years) to this study. We measured time in the short version of semantic fluency test (recite 12 animals) and in 2 tests of psychomotor tempo. We detected significant slowing in all tests (ANOVA, p < 0.001) during aging. Conclusions. Slowing of psychomotor speed and searching in semantic memory were detected during physiological aging. Further research is necessary to clarify, if these fast and easy tests will be useful in screening for dementia in clinical practice.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• duševní procesy klasifikace   MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy MeSH
• percepce řeči imunologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stárnutí fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• senioři MeSH

• MeSH
• dominance mozková MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pohyb MeSH
• psychofyziologie MeSH
• reakční čas MeSH
• řeč MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

• MeSH
• chronické selhání ledvin patofyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• psychologické testy MeSH
• psychomotorické poruchy etiologie   MeSH
• psychosomatické poruchy MeSH
• reakční čas MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH

BACKGROUND: Impairment of cognition and speech are common in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, but their relationship is not well understood. OBJECTIVE: To describe the relationship between articulation rate characteristics and processing speed and to investigate the potential role of objective speech analysis for the detection of cognitive decline in MS. METHODS: A total of 122 patients with clinically definite MS were included in this cross-sectional pilot study. Patients underwent three speaking tasks (oral diadochokinesis, reading text and monologue) and assessment of processing speed (Symbol Digit Modalities Test [SDMT], Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test-3 s [PASAT-3]). Association between articulation rate and cognition was analyzed using linear regression analysis. We estimated the area under the receiver operating characteristics curves (AUC) to evaluate the predictive accuracy of articulation rate measures for the detection of abnormal processing speed. RESULTS: We observed an association between articulation rate and cognitive measures (rho = 0.45-0.58; p < 0.001). Faster reading speed by one word per second was associated with an 18.7 point (95% confidence interval [CI] 14.9-22.5) increase of the SDMT score and 14.7 (95% CI 8.9-20.4) point increase of PASAT-3 score (both p < 0.001). AUC values of articulation rate characteristics for the identification of processing speed impairment ranged between 0.67 and 0.79. Using a cutoff of 3.10 in reading speed, we were able to identify impairment in both the SDMT and PASAT-3 with 91% sensitivity and 54% specificity. CONCLUSION: Slowed articulation rate is strongly associated with processing speed decline. Objective quantitative speech analysis identified patients with abnormal cognitive performance.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dysartrie etiologie   MeSH
• kognitivní poruchy diagnóza   etiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• regresní analýza MeSH
• ROC křivka MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza komplikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Recent research indicated that cognitive speed of processing training (SPT) improved Useful Field of View (UFOV) among individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). The effects of SPT in PD have not been further examined. The objectives of the current study were to investigate use, maintenance and dose effects of SPT among individuals with PD. METHODS: Participants who were randomized to SPT or a delayed control group completed the UFOV at a six-month follow-up visit. Use of SPT was monitored across the six-month study period. Regression explored factors affecting SPT use. Mixed effect models were conducted to examine the durability of training gains among those randomized to SPT (n = 44), and training dose effects among the entire sample (n = 87). RESULTS: The majority of participants chose to continue to use SPT (52%). Those randomized to SPT maintained improvements in UFOV performance. A significant dose effect of SPT was evident such that more hours of training were associated with greater UFOV performance improvements. The cognitive benefits derived from SPT in PD may be maintained for up to three months. CONCLUSION: Future research should determine how long gains endure and explore if such training gains transfer.

• MeSH
• činnosti denního života psychologie   MeSH
• kognice * MeSH
• kognitivní poruchy komplikace   psychologie   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Parkinsonova nemoc komplikace   psychologie   terapie   MeSH
• praxe (psychologie) * MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH