Adekvátny príjem kvalitatívne i kvantitatívne vyváženej potravy je u detí a adolescentov nevyhnutný pre zdravý psychosomatický vývin. V súčasnosti sa pozornosť odborníkov zameriava najmä na prevenciu nadmerného prísunu kalórii u detí, napriek tomu však podľa výskumov 3–4 % detí trpí závažným odmietaním jedla bez známej somatickej príčiny, označovaným ako psychogénna strata chuti do jedla. V liečbe tejto poruchy sa v súčasnosti najčastejšie uplatňuje „vyčkávacia“ metóda, preukázalo sa však, že najúčinnejšou intervenciou sú techniky založené na behaviorálnej terapii. Cieľom našej práce je popísať základné etiologické aspekty psychogénnej straty chuti do jedla a prezentovať techniky, ktoré sa vo svete najviac využívajú v psychoterapii tejto poruchy. Techniky vychádzajú najmä z princípov behaviorálnej terapie, pričom cieľom je primárne zmena správania. Poznanie a využívanie týchto stratégii má význam nielen pre vedeckú komunitu, ale aj klinických pracovníkov a rodičov.

Adequate intake of qualitatively and quantitatively balanced food is essential for healthy psychosomatic development of children and adolescents. At present time, the experts focus mostly on excessive calorie intake, due to high obesity prevalence in children. However, according to current knowledge 3-4% of children suffer from severe food refusal without a known somatic cause, referred to as avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, or psychogenic loss of appetite. The “wait-and-see” method is currently the most commonly used in the management of this disorder, but the most effective intervention has been shown to be techniques based on behavioral therapy. The aim of our work is to describe the main etiological aspects of the avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder and to introduce methods that are most effective for its treatment. These methods are based primarily on behavioral therapy principles, where our goal is the behavioral change. Knowledge and application of these strategies is important for not only scientific community, but also for clinical professionals and parents.

• MeSH
• Behavior Therapy * MeSH
• Appetite MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Child Behavior Disorders therapy   MeSH
• Psychosocial Intervention MeSH
• Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder * MeSH
• Feeding Behavior psychology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH

Necrophagous beetles of genus Thanatophilus are well recognized as a group of beetles with a high potential utility in forensic entomology. They can be used to estimate postmortem interval (PMI) or validate the value for other groups of insects commonly encountered on human remains, like blowflies (Calliphoridae). However, reliable tools for instar and species identification of their larvae are needed as such information is crucial for allowing accurate PMI estimate. One of the most common species of the genus Thanatophilus in Europe is Thanatophilus sinuatus. This species occurs frequently on human remains and its larvae feed on decaying tissues throughout their development. Therefore, the larvae could become useful bioindicators for forensic entomology, although their current description does not allow reliable instar or species identification. Our goal was to provide morphological characters for species and instar identification of all larval stages of T. sinuatus. The larvae were obtained from laboratory rearing under controlled conditions (20 °C and 16:8 h of light/dark period). Qualitative and quantitative morphological instar and species-specific characters are described and illustrated. Additionally, we report observations of biological and developmental lengths for all stages of the species. We also compared these morphological characters with recent description of T. rugosus and provided an identification key of these two similar and often co-occurring species. We noticed that some characters for instar identification were shared between T. sinuatus and T. rugosus and were confirmed by comparison with larvae of T. dentigerus that they can be applied to other species of the genus.

• MeSH
• Coleoptera classification   growth & development   MeSH
• Forensic Entomology * MeSH
• Evaluation Studies as Topic MeSH
• Pupa classification   growth & development   MeSH
• Larva classification   growth & development   MeSH
• Microscopy, Electron, Scanning MeSH
• Optical Imaging MeSH
• Feeding Behavior MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Tyrophagus putrescentiae is inhabited by bacteria that differ among mite populations (strains) and diets. Here, we investigated how the microbiome and fitness of Tputrescentiae are altered by dietary perturbations and mite populations. Four T. putrescentiae populations, referred to as dog, Koppert, laboratory, and Phillips, underwent a perturbation, i.e., a dietary switch from a rearing diet to two experimental diets. The microbiome was investigated by sequencing the V1-V3 portion of the 16S rRNA gene, and selected bacterial taxa were quantified by quantitative PCR (qPCR) using group/taxon-specific primers. The parameters observed were the changes in mite population growth and nutritional status, i.e., the total glycogen, lipid, saccharide, and protein contents in mites. The effect of diet perturbation on the variability of the microbiome composition and population growth was lower than the effect induced by mite population. In contrast, the diet perturbation showed a greater effect on nutritional status of mites than the mite population. The endosymbionts exhibited high variations among T. putrescentiae populations, including Cardinium in the laboratory population, Blattabacterium-like bacteria in the dog population, and Wolbachia in the dog and Phillips populations. Solitalea-like and Bartonella-like bacteria were present in the dog, Koppert, and Phillips populations in different proportions. The T. putrescentiae microbiome is dynamic and varies based on both the mite population and perturbation; however, the mites remain characterized by robust bacterial communities. Bacterial endosymbionts were found in all populations but represented a dominant portion of the microbiome in only some populations.IMPORTANCE We addressed the question of whether population origin or perturbation exerts a more significant influence on the bacterial community of the stored product mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae The microbiomes of four populations of T. putrescentiae insects subjected to diet perturbation were compared. Based on our results, the bacterial community was more affected by the mite population than by diet perturbation. This result can be interpreted as indicating high stability of the putative intracellular symbionts in response to dietary perturbation. The changes in the absolute and relative numbers of Wolbachia, Blattabacterium-like, Solitalea-like, and Cardinium bacteria in the T. putrescentiae populations can also be caused by neutral processes other than perturbation. When nutritional status is considered, the effect of population appeared less important than the perturbation. We hypothesize that differences in the proportions of the endosymbiotic bacteria result in changes in mite population growth.

• MeSH
• Acaridae microbiology   MeSH
• Bacteria classification   genetics   MeSH
• Diet methods   MeSH
• DNA, Bacterial chemistry   genetics   MeSH
• Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction MeSH
• DNA, Ribosomal chemistry   genetics   MeSH
• RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics   MeSH
• Sequence Analysis, DNA MeSH
• Cluster Analysis MeSH
• Feeding Behavior MeSH
• Gastrointestinal Microbiome * MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

We previously mapped hypertension-related insulin resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) to rat chromosomes 4, 12 and 16 using adipocytes from F2 crosses between spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, and subsequently identified Cd36 as the gene underlying the chromosome 4 locus. The identity of the chromosome 12 and 16 genes remains unknown. To identify whole-body phenotypes associated with the chromosome 12 and 16 linkage regions, we generated and characterised new congenic strains, with WKY donor segments introgressed onto an SHR genetic background, for the chromosome 12 and 16 linkage regions. We found a >50% increase in insulin sensitivity in both the chromosome 12 and 16 strains. Blood pressure and left ventricular mass were reduced in the two congenic strains consistent with the congenic segments harbouring SHR genes for insulin resistance, hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. Integrated genomic analysis, using physiological and whole-genome sequence data across 42 rat strains, identified variants within the congenic regions in Upk3bl, RGD1565131 and AABR06087018.1 that were associated with blood pressure, cardiac mass and insulin sensitivity. Quantitative trait transcript analysis across 29 recombinant inbred strains showed correlation between expression of Hspb1, Zkscan5 and Pdgfrl with adipocyte volume, systolic blood pressure and cardiac mass, respectively. Comparative genome analysis showed a marked enrichment of orthologues for human GWAS-associated genes for insulin resistance within the syntenic regions of both the chromosome 12 and 16 congenic intervals. Our study defines whole-body phenotypes associated with the SHR chromosome 12 and 16 insulin-resistance QTLs, identifies candidate genes for these SHR QTLs and finds human orthologues of rat genes in these regions that associate with related human traits. Further study of these genes in the congenic strains will lead to robust identification of the underlying genes and cellular mechanisms.

• MeSH
• Genome-Wide Association Study MeSH
• Energy Metabolism genetics   MeSH
• Genomics * MeSH
• Homeostasis MeSH
• Hypertension genetics   physiopathology   MeSH
• Insulin pharmacology   MeSH
• Insulin Resistance genetics   MeSH
• Liver drug effects   metabolism   MeSH
• Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics   MeSH
• Calorimetry MeSH
• Cardiomegaly genetics   physiopathology   MeSH
• Muscle, Skeletal drug effects   metabolism   MeSH
• Blood Pressure drug effects   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Quantitative Trait Loci genetics   MeSH
• Rats, Inbred SHR MeSH
• Gene Expression Regulation drug effects   MeSH
• Chromosomes, Mammalian genetics   MeSH
• Heart Ventricles drug effects   pathology   MeSH
• Feeding Behavior drug effects   MeSH
• Body Weight drug effects   MeSH
• Triglycerides metabolism   MeSH
• Organ Size drug effects   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH

Práce hodnotí subjektivní názor dětí staršího školního věku na svůj vzhled a postavu, zda jsou spokojeni s tím jak vypadají a kolik váží, nebo zda touží po hubenější resp. svalnatější postavě. Dále zjistit zda s touhou po hubenější nebo svalnatější postavě mění stravovací návyky jedí více zeleniny, méně sladkostí nebo vynechávají některá denní jídla a drží diety. K tomuto zjištění byl použit dotazník, jehož součástí byl také test přiřazování siluet. Výsledky studie zahrnující 109 chlapců a 112 dívek ukázaly, že chlapci jsou mnohem více spokojeni se svým vzhledem a hmotností než dívky. 70 % chlapců je spokojeno se svou váhou, naproti tomu 57 % dívek si přeje vážit méně a vypadat štíhlejší. Dále bylo zjištěno, že dívky častěji než chlapci vynechávají některá denní jídla nebo drží diety. Z celkového souboru mělo 32 % respondentů nadváhu nebo obezitu.

The goal of this study was to measure the subjective body image and weight satisfaction of young ages 11–15. Satisfaction with their body image was measured by a series of questionnaires and other interactive interview techniques. From these results, a plan of suggested dietary changes, such as increasing daily servings of fruits and vegetables or in some cases omitting meals to reduce their overall calorie intake. An important part of the study was the silhouette matching section. The results of the study of 109 boys and 112 girls confi rmed that boys are more satisfi ed with their body than girls. In general, 70 % of boys were more satisfi ed with their bodies than girls. Many girls (57 %) felt that they should be slimmer and were actively dieting to reduce their body weight. Even though the diet regimen was a common behaviour in the girls, 32% of all respondents were overweigh or obese.

• Keywords
• body image, mentální bulimie, bigorexie, objektivní a subjektivní hodnocení tělesných proporcí, test přiřazování siluet,
• MeSH
• Bulimia Nervosa prevention & control   MeSH
• Diet MeSH
• Evaluation Studies as Topic MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Anorexia Nervosa prevention & control   MeSH
• Adolescent * MeSH
• Personality MeSH
• Feeding and Eating Disorders prevention & control   MeSH
• Self Concept * MeSH
• Schools MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Feeding Behavior psychology   MeSH
• Body Weight MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent * MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH

• MeSH
• Anthropometry methods   MeSH
• Energy Intake * physiology   MeSH
• Evaluation Studies as Topic MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Obesity diagnosis   complications   prevention & control   MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Feeding Behavior MeSH
• Students * MeSH
• Body Weight * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Geographicals
• Slovakia MeSH

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The quantitative study focuses on the psychometric properties of the Rapid Eating Assessment for Patients (REAP) tool for assessing dietary habits. The aim of the study was to validate REAP and its factor structure, reliability, and validity. REAP was used for the first in patients with hypertension. METHODS: Language validation of REAP measurements into Czech language, test, retest, and pilot testing were performed. In addition, 420 patients were investigated, and exploratory confirmation factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha and Split-half coefficients were used. RESULTS: Five models with different number of items and identified factors were created. Reliability coefficients are satisfactory. The best results were achieved through the model created for a group of patients with hypertension. There were five factors extracted and described in words: Factor F1 was named "Meat consumption," factor F2 "Inappropriate food and activities for with hypertension (WH) patients," factor F3 "Consumption of dairy and fatty foods, "factor F4 "Consumption of sweet foods," and factor F5 "Appropriate food and activities for WH patients." CONCLUSION: The REAP questionnaire is a suitable tool for clinical practice use when assessing dietary habits in patients with hypertension.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Factor Analysis, Statistical MeSH
• Hypertension diet therapy   psychology   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Translations MeSH
• Eating psychology   MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires standards   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Psychometrics standards   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Feeding Behavior psychology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

• Keywords
• žáci osmých ročníků základních škol,
• MeSH
• Bulimia epidemiology   etiology   prevention & control   MeSH
• Evaluation Studies as Topic MeSH
• Body Mass Index MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Anorexia Nervosa epidemiology   etiology   prevention & control   MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Feeding and Eating Disorders * epidemiology   etiology   prevention & control   MeSH
• Body Image * psychology   MeSH
• Schools MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Feeding Behavior physiology   psychology   MeSH
• Education MeSH
• Health MeSH
• Life Style MeSH
• Knowledge MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH

• MeSH
• Disease Models, Animal MeSH
• Obesity etiology   prevention & control   MeSH
• Consummatory Behavior MeSH
• Feeding Behavior MeSH
• Publication type
• Congress MeSH

• Conspectus
• Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie
• NML Fields
• vnitřní lékařství

• Keywords
• školní děti, způsob života, rozdíly,
• MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Evaluation Studies as Topic MeSH
• Smoking * adverse effects   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Smoking Prevention MeSH
• Healthy People Programs classification   MeSH
• Schools MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Feeding Behavior classification   MeSH
• Life Style MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH