The Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ) is an instrument intended for the study of cohesion in sport teams. The main aim of this study was to confirm the conceptual validity within the Czech vision of Group Environment Questionnaire by method of structural equation modeling. For translation of the questionnaire was utilized a modified direct translation method. A total of 1169 participants (848 men and 321 women) completed the GEQ. For data analysis we applied a confirmation factor analysis approach. The original model was tested to verify the structural theory and diagnosis quality of this tool. Results showed only average values of models fit RMSEA in Czech condition on the level 0,081 and CFI 0,901 and found poor item loading in fourth factor of diagnostic tool GI-T with factor validity on level 0.216. We assume that for better fit and diagnostics quality it is necessary to repeat the process of content validity and change or restrict the number of items.
- Keywords
- explorativní faktorová analýza, SEM, týmový sport, koheze, GEQ,
- MeSH
- Basketball MeSH
- Financing, Organized MeSH
- Soccer MeSH
- Hockey MeSH
- Consensus MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Models, Structural MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Models, Psychological MeSH
- Role MeSH
- Group Structure MeSH
- Group Processes MeSH
- Sports classification psychology MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Volleyball MeSH
- Focus Groups MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
V oblasti sportovní psychologie patří dotazník Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ) mezi nejvyužívanější nástroje ke sledování týmové koheze. Hlavním cílem tohoto výzkumu bylo porovnat vnímanou týmovou kohezi mezi individuálními a kolektivními sporty u mužů a žen. Studie se zúčastnilo 435 sportovců (180 mužů a 255 žen) a byla zde využita mezikulturně validizovaná modifikovaná česká verze dotazníku GEQ. Data byla analyzována pomocí dvouvýběrového Mann-Whitney U testu. Výsledky ukázaly u mužů významné rozdíly ve vnímání týmové koheze mezi sportovci z individuálních a týmových sportů u všech položek sub-škál ATG-T a GI-T, u žen byly významné rozdíly u většiny položek subškál ATG-T a GI-T a v jednom případě u ATG-S.
In the field of sport psychology the Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ) belongs to one of the most applied instrument for study of cohesion in sport teams. The main aim of this study was to compare perceived team cohesion in male and female athletes from team and individual sports. A total of 435 athletes (180 men and 255 women) participated in the study and the cross-culturally validated, modified Czech version of GEQ was utilised. For data analysis we applied two-sample Mann-Whitney U test. Results in men showed significant differences in team cohesion perception between team and individual sports in all items of ATG-T and GI-T subscales, results in women revealed significant differences in most items of ATG-T and GI-T subscales and in one item of ATG-S subscale.
- Keywords
- kolektivní sport, individuální sport, gender,
- MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Group Processes MeSH
- Sociometric Techniques MeSH
- Athletes psychology MeSH
- Sports * psychology MeSH
- Sense of Coherence * classification MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
The intestinal environment is considered to play an important role both in colorectal tumor development and in the evolution and modulation of mucosal immunity. Studies in animals reared in germ-free (GF, without any intestinal microflora) versus conventional (CV, with regular microflora in bowel) conditions can aid in clarifying the influence of bacteria on carcinogenesis and anti-cancer immune responses in situ. The lower incidence of colon cancers and better immunological parameters in GF animals versus CV ones after chemically-induced carcinogenesis raises questions about specific characteristics of the immunological networks in each respective condition. Different levels of tolerance/regulatory mechanisms in the GF versus CV animals may influence the development of immune responses not only at the level of mucosal, but also at the systemic, immunity. We hypothesize that GF animals can better recognize and respond to evolving neoplasias in the bowel as a consequence of their less-tolerogenic immunity (i.e., due to their more limited exposure to antigens to become tolerated against at the intestinal level). In this paper, we review the role of bacteria in modulating gut environment and mucosal immunity, their importance in cancer development, and aspects of immune regulation (both at local and systemic level) that can be modified by bacterial microflora. Lastly, the use of GF animals in comparison with conventionally-raised animals is proposed as a suitable and potent model for understanding the inflammatory network and its effect on cancer immunity especially during colorectal cancer development.
- MeSH
- Adenocarcinoma immunology microbiology MeSH
- Killer Cells, Natural immunology MeSH
- Germ-Free Life immunology drug effects MeSH
- Immune Tolerance MeSH
- Receptor Cross-Talk immunology MeSH
- Colon immunology microbiology MeSH
- Colorectal Neoplasms immunology microbiology MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Disease Models, Animal MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Immunity, Innate MeSH
- Immunity, Mucosal immunology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
8 s. ; 34 cm
- MeSH
- Information Services MeSH
- Information Systems MeSH
- Communication MeSH
- Emergencies MeSH
- World Health Organization MeSH
- Public Health MeSH
- Publication type
- Congress MeSH
- Geographicals
- Europe MeSH
- Conspectus
- Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
- NML Fields
- veřejné zdravotnictví
- veřejné zdravotnictví
- lékařská informatika
