PURPOSE: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is considered aggressive, and therefore, virtually all young patients with TNBC receive (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy. Increased stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) have been associated with a favorable prognosis in TNBC. However, whether this association holds for patients who are node-negative (N0), young (< 40 years), and chemotherapy-naïve, and thus can be used for chemotherapy de-escalation strategies, is unknown. METHODS: We selected all patients with N0 TNBC diagnosed between 1989 and 2000 from a Dutch population-based registry. Patients were age < 40 years at diagnosis and had not received (neo)adjuvant systemic therapy, as was standard practice at the time. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks were retrieved (PALGA: Dutch Pathology Registry), and a pathology review including sTILs was performed. Patients were categorized according to sTILs (< 30%, 30%-75%, and ≥ 75%). Multivariable Cox regression was performed for overall survival, with or without sTILs as a covariate. Cumulative incidence of distant metastasis or death was analyzed in a competing risk model, with second primary tumors as competing risk. RESULTS: sTILs were scored for 441 patients. High sTILs (≥ 75%; 21%) translated into an excellent prognosis with a 15-year cumulative incidence of a distant metastasis or death of only 2.1% (95% CI, 0 to 5.0), whereas low sTILs (< 30%; 52%) had an unfavorable prognosis with a 15-year cumulative incidence of a distant metastasis or death of 38.4% (32.1 to 44.6). In addition, every 10% increment of sTILs decreased the risk of death by 19% (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.81; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.87), which are an independent predictor adding prognostic information to standard clinicopathologic variables (χ2 = 46.7, P < .001). CONCLUSION: Chemotherapy-naïve, young patients with N0 TNBC with high sTILs (≥ 75%) have an excellent long-term prognosis. Therefore, sTILs should be considered for prospective clinical trials investigating (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy de-escalation strategies.

• MeSH
• adjuvantní chemoterapie MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery MeSH
• neoadjuvantní terapie MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• triple-negativní karcinom prsu * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• tumor infiltrující lymfocyty MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most common cause of death among gynecological malignancies in Europe and North America. Although the presence of tumor-infiltrating mononuclear cells has been documented in EOC, the association of tumor-infiltrating mononuclear cells with clinical outcome remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic significance of CD3+ tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TIL) on overall survival of EOC patients. METHODS: We evaluated retrospectively by immunohistochemistry the distribution of CD3+ TIL in tumor specimens of 116 EOC patients. The expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, Ki-67, DNA topoisomerase IIalpha, p21, p53, HER-2/neu, bax and bcl-2 was also evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The prognostic significance of CD3+ TIL and other immunohistochemical and clinical parameters was evaluated with log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox regression. RESULTS: CD3+ TIL were observed in all tumor samples, both in cancer stroma and within cancer epithelium (intraepithelial TIL). The median counts of stromal TIL and intraepithelial TIL were 338 lymphocytes/mm2 (range 81-2094 lymphocytes/mm2) and 125 lymphocytes/mm2 (range 7-481 lymphocytes/mm2), respectively. In univariate analysis, age, stage, grade, presence of residual tumor, expression of progesterone receptors, Ki-67, DNA topoisomerase IIalpha and intraepithelial CD3+ TIL count were significant predictors of overall survival. On multivariate analysis, only the presence of residual tumor, stage, expression of progesterone receptors and intraepithelial CD3+ TIL count were found to be significant independent predictors of overall survival. CONCLUSION: Present data indicate that the intraepithelial CD3+ TIL count is a significant prognostic factor in EOC.

• MeSH
• antigen Ki-67 biosyntéza   MeSH
• antigeny CD3 imunologie   MeSH
• antigeny nádorové biosyntéza   MeSH
• DNA vazebné proteiny biosyntéza   MeSH
• DNA-topoisomerasy typu II biosyntéza   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory vaječníků imunologie   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny c-bcl-2 biosyntéza   MeSH
• receptor erbB-2 biosyntéza   MeSH
• receptory progesteronu biosyntéza   MeSH
• staging nádorů MeSH
• tumor infiltrující lymfocyty imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

Tumor-infiltrating leukocytes and other immunohistochemical parameters were evaluated in pretherapeutic biopsies and resection specimens in 73 patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin and paclitaxel. Ten patients with pathological complete response had significantly higher p53 expression, CD3(+) lymphocyte and CD83(+) cell counts, and lower progesterone receptor expression. In the remaining 63 patients, a significant decrease in the percentage of Ki-67, vascular endothelial growth factor expression, CD68(+) monocytes, and increased CD31(+), CD34(+), and SMA(+) stromal vessels, maximal CD3(+) and CD56(+) lymphocyte, maximal and mean CD83(+) cell, maximal CD1a(+), and maximal and mean S100(+) cell counts were observed after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

• MeSH
• antigen Ki-67 analýza   MeSH
• CD antigeny analýza   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery analýza   MeSH
• nádory prsu farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• neoadjuvantní terapie metody   MeSH
• počet lymfocytů MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• staging nádorů MeSH
• tumor infiltrující lymfocyty patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: In the absence of prognostic biomarkers, most patients with early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (eTNBC) are treated with combination chemotherapy. The identification of biomarkers to select patients for whom treatment de-escalation or escalation could be considered remains an unmet need. We evaluated the prognostic value of histopathologic traits in a unique cohort of young, (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy-naïve patients with early-stage (stage I or II), node-negative TNBC and long-term follow-up, in relation to stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) for which the prognostic value was recently reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied all 485 patients with node-negative eTNBC from the population-based PARADIGM cohort which selected women aged <40 years diagnosed between 1989 and 2000. None of the patients had received (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy according to standard practice at the time. Associations between histopathologic traits and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) were analyzed with Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 20.0 years, an independent prognostic value for BCSS was observed for lymphovascular invasion (LVI) [adjusted (adj.) hazard ratio (HR) 2.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.49-3.69], fibrotic focus (adj. HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.09-2.37) and sTILs (per 10% increment adj. HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.69-0.82). In the sTILs <30% subgroup, the presence of LVI resulted in a higher cumulative incidence of breast cancer death (at 20 years, 58%; 95% CI 41% to 72%) compared with when LVI was absent (at 20 years, 32%; 95% CI 26% to 39%). In the ≥75% sTILs subgroup, the presence of LVI might be associated with poor survival (HR 11.45, 95% CI 0.71-182.36, two deaths). We confirm the lack of prognostic value of androgen receptor expression and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 -low status. CONCLUSIONS: sTILs, LVI and fibrotic focus provide independent prognostic information in young women with node-negative eTNBC. Our results are of importance for the selection of patients for de-escalation and escalation trials.

• MeSH
• adjuvantní chemoterapie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• triple-negativní karcinom prsu * farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• tumor infiltrující lymfocyty metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Východiská: Imunoterapia blokujúca signálnu dráhu PD-1/PD-L1 sa za posledné roky stala dominantnou liečebnou modalitou pa cientov s nemalobunkovým karcinómom pľúc (non-small cell lung carcinoma – NSCLC). Imunohistochemicky dôkaz expresie ligandu receptora programovanej bunkovej smrti-1 (programmed death-ligand 1 – PD-L1) na membráne nádorových buniek a/alebo tumor infi ltrujúcich lymfocytoch (TIL) je stále jediným klinicky validovaným prediktívnym bio markerom pre indikáciu imunoterapie, ale má svoje limity. Prítomnosť TIL v nádorovom mikroprostredí bola recentne identifikovaná ako komplementárny prediktívny faktor tejto terapie. V tejto retrospektívnej štúdii sme v súbore 134 chirurgických resekátov NSCLC analyzovali asociáciu medzi expresiou PD-L1, prítomnosťou TIL a stupňom dezmoplázie nádoru. Materiál a metódy: Expresia PD-L1 na membráne nádorových buniek a v TIL bola dokazovaná imunohistochemicky anti-PD-L1 protilátkou (klon 22C3) a prítomnosť TIL použitím protilátky anti-CD3 (polyklon). Expresia PD-L1 bola hodnotená systémom "nádorového proporčného skóre“ (tumour proportion score – TPS), pričom boli vymedzené kategórie TPS < 1 %, TPS 1–49 % a TPS ≥ 50 %. Semikvantitatívne hodnotenie prítomnosti TIL bolo vykonané metódou "percenta stromálnych TIL“ (PST) a rozlišované boli kategórie PST < 10 %, PST 10–49 % a PST ≥ 50 %. Analyzovaná bola asociácia medzi hodnotou expresie PD-L1 v nádorových bunkách a TIL ku hodnote PST. Štatistická analýza bola vykonaná Cochranovým-Armitageovým testom, pričom hodnota p < 0,05 bola pokladaná za signifikantnú. Výsledky: Expresia PD-L1 v nádorových bunkách bola signifikantne vyššia v kategóriách PST 10–49 % a PST ≥ 50 % v porovnaní s kategóriou PST < 10 % v grade 1 a grade 2 adenokarcinómoch (p = 0,008), v grade 3 adenokarcinómoch (p = 0,009) aj v skvamocelulárnych karcinómoch (p = 0,028). Expresia PD-L1 v TIL bola asociovaná s hodnotou PST v skvamocelulárnych karcinómoch (p = 0,025), ale nie v prípade adenokarcinómov. Nádory s vysokým stupňom dezmoplázie vykazovali obzvlášť nízku hodnotu TPS aj PST. Záver: Expresia PD-L1 v NSCLC je asociovaná s prítomnosťou TIL. Dezmoplastické oblasti nádoru predstavujú imunologicky neaktívne nádorové mikroprostredie. Podávanie anti PD-1/P-L1 imunoterapie s látkami blokujúcimi signálnu dráhu TGF-β predstavuje perspektívnu kombinovanú terapiu pre pacientov s NSCLC s dezmopláziou.

Background: Immunotherapy blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 signalling pathway has become a dominant treatment modality for patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on the membrane of tumour cells and/or tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) evaluated immunohistochemically is still the only clinically validated predictive biomarker for immunotherapy, but it has its limitations. TIL in the tumour microenviroment was identified as having predictive value. We retrospectively evaluated 134 NSCLC resection specimens, and analysed the association between PD-L1 expression, the presence of TIL, and the degree of desmoplasia in tumours. Material and methods: PD-L1 expression on tumour cells and TIL were evaluated immunohistochemically using the anti-PD-L1 antibody (clone 22C3) and the anti-CD3 antibody (polyclone), respectively. PD-L1 was scored using the “tumour proportion score” (TPS) system with three categories: TPS < 1%, 1–49%, and ≥ 50%. TIL were evaluated semiquantitatively using the “percentage of stromal TIL” (PST) system, and categories of PST < 10%, 10–49% and ≥ 50% were recorded. The association between PD-L1 expression in tumour cells and TIL was compared with the PST value. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Cochran-Armitage test, and a p-value < 5% was considered significant. Results: PD-L1 expression was significantly higher in PST 10–49% and ≥ 50% categories than in the PST < 10% category in grade 1 and grade 2 adenocarcinomas (p = 0.008), grade 3 adenocarcinomas (p = 0.009), and squamous cell carcinomas (p = 0.028). PD-L1 expression in TIL was associated with the PST value in squamous cell carcinomas (p = 0.025) but not in adenocarcinomas. Desmoplastic tumours had particularly low TPS and PST values. Conclusion: PD-L1 expression in NSCLC is associated with the presence of TIL. Desmoplastic areas in tumours represent immunologically inactive tumour microenviroments. Administration of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy, together with agents blocking the TGF-β signalling pathway, represent a promising combinational therapy for patients with desmoplastic NSCLC.

• MeSH
• antigeny CD274 MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery MeSH
• nemalobuněčný karcinom plic * patofyziologie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• tumor infiltrující lymfocyty patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated a prognostic role for stromal tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The reproducibility of scoring sTILs is variable with potentially excellent concordance being achievable using a software tool. We examined agreement between breast pathologists across Europe scoring sTILs on H&E-stained sections without software, an approach that is easily applied in clinical practice. The association between sTILs and response to anthracycline-taxane NACT was also examined. METHODOLOGY: Pathologists from the European Working Group for Breast Screening Pathology scored sTILs in 84 slides from 75 TNBCs using the immune-oncology biomarker working group guidance in two circulations. There were 16 participants in the first and 19 in the second circulation. RESULTS: Moderate agreement was achieved for absolute sTILs scores (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.683, 95% CI 0.601-0.767, p-value < 0.001). Agreement was less when a 25% threshold was used (ICC 0.509, 95% CI 0.416-0.614, p-value < 0.001) and for lymphocyte predominant breast cancer (LPBC) (ICC 0.504, 95% CI 0.412-0.610, p-value < 0.001). Intra-observer agreement was strong for absolute sTIL values (Spearman ρ = 0.727); fair for sTILs ≥ 25% (κ = 0.53) and for LPBC (κ = 0.49), but poor for sTILs as 10% increments (κ = 0.24). Increasing sTILs was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of a pathological complete response (pCR) on multivariable analysis. CONCLUSION: Increasing sTILs in TNBCs improves the likelihood of a pCR. However, inter-observer agreement is such that H&E-based assessment is not sufficiently reproducible for clinical application. Other methodologies should be explored, but may be at the cost of ease of application.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery MeSH
• nádorové mikroprostředí MeSH
• neoadjuvantní terapie MeSH
• odchylka pozorovatele MeSH
• odds ratio MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• staging nádorů MeSH
• stupeň nádoru MeSH
• triple-negativní karcinom prsu diagnóza   imunologie   terapie   MeSH
• tumor infiltrující lymfocyty patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• úvodníky MeSH

PURPOSE: Primary cilium (PC) is considered to be a functional homologue of the immune synapse. Microtubule structures, PC of cancer associated fibroblasts and immune synapses between cytotoxic CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and cancer cells, are regularly found in varying amounts in the microenvironment of solid tumors. The purpose of this study was to find out the potential association and combined prognostic significance of the frequency of PC, PD-1 and CD8+ TILs in patients with intestinal cancer. METHODS: The frequency of PC, programmed cell death protein-1 receptor (PD-1) expression and the frequency of stromal and intraepithelial CD8+TILs were evaluated in samples of colorectal adenocarcinoma (32 patiens) and small bowel cancer (8 patients). RESULTS: The median frequency of PC was 0.25%. The expression of PD1 was <5% in 34 patients, 5-25% in 5 patients and 26-50% in 1 patient. The frequency of stromal CD8+ TILs was negative in 3 patients, <25% in 26, 26-50% in 10 and >50% in 1 patient, respectively. Intraepithelial CD8+ TILs were not detectable in 14, <25% in 24 and 26-50% in 2 patients, respectively. Statistically, the frequency of PC and PD-1 positivity were significantly associated (p=0.004). An association between the PC frequency and intraepithelial CD8+ TILs was of borderline statistical significance (p=0.059). An index combining the frequency of PC and stromal CD8+ TILs, but not the combination of frequency of PC and intraepithelial CD8+ TILs, was of borderline prognostic significance (p=0.067). CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides the first data on the potential association and combined prognostic significance of frequency of PC, PD-1 and CD8+ TILs in patients with intestinal cancer.

• MeSH
• antigeny CD279 metabolismus   MeSH
• CD8-pozitivní T-lymfocyty metabolismus   MeSH
• cilie patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• střevní nádory genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

In this study, 60 gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the stomach were analyzed to elucidate the possible relation of their morphology to the mutation status of KIT and PDGFRA genes. The patients included 27 men and 33 women with a mean age of 63.8 years (range, 12-92 years). Only 1 tumor occurred before the age of 21 years. KIT mutations were detected in 31 cases (51.7%), PDGFRA mutations in 22 cases (36.7%), and 7 cases (11.7%) were KIT and PDGFRA wild type. When the mutation status was correlated with histologic features of the tumors, epithelioid or mixed epithelioid/spindle cell pattern and mast cell infiltration were found as the most reliable signs of PDGFRA mutation. Neoplastic rhabdoid cells and multinucleated giant cells, also previously reported as features of PDGFRA-mutated gastrointestinal stromal tumors, seemed to be less specific but still helpful markers in our study. Finally, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and myxoid stroma do not seem to be valuable histologic signs.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• DNA nádorová genetika   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• gastrointestinální nádory diagnóza   genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• gastrointestinální stromální tumory diagnóza   genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mastocyty patologie   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mutace genetika   MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery metabolismus   MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny c-kit genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u nádorů MeSH
• růstový faktor odvozený z trombocytů - receptor alfa genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

BACKGROUND: We examined PD-L1 expression on tumor cells (TCs) and immune cells (ICs) and density of CD3+ and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and investigated their significance on clinicopathological characteristics and clinical outcomes. METHODS: In a cohort of 65 patients treated by definitive intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with curative intent, immunohistochemical analysis of PD-L1 expression on TCs and ICs, and TIL subtyping was performed on primary biopsy tumor tissues, followed by prognostic evaluation of these immune response-related parameters including classification into four tumor immune microenvironment (TIM) types. To evaluate HPV status, p16 immunohistochemistry was performed. RESULTS: Densities of CD3+ and CD8+ TILs and PD-L1 expressions on TCs and ICs were significantly higher in p16+/HPV-mediated OPSCC. Patients with high densities of stromal CD8+ TILs displayed significantly better overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). PD-L1 expression neither on tumor cells nor on immune cells affected survival outcomes. Distribution of TIM types based on the combination of PD-L1 expression on TCs and densities of CD8+ TILs is significantly different in p16+ compared with p16- OPSCC. In type III TIM (TC-PD-L1+/low CD8+ TIL density), significantly better OS was shown in p16+ group compared with p16- OPSCC. CONCLUSION: The prognostic and predictive role of tumor immune microenvironment was confirmed for patients with OPSCC. Combining HPV status with the evaluation of densities of CD8+ TILs and PD-L1 expression including TIM classification might be of high clinical interest and warrants further prospective evaluation.

• MeSH
• CD8-pozitivní T-lymfocyty MeSH
• dlaždicobuněčné karcinomy hlavy a krku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové mikroprostředí MeSH
• nádory hlavy a krku * MeSH
• nádory orofaryngu * MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• tumor infiltrující lymfocyty MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• buňky stromatu * MeSH
• imunitní systém * cytologie   patologie   MeSH
• karcinom * MeSH
• lékařská onkologie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mezibuněčná adhezivní molekula-1 * MeSH
• nádory * diagnóza   etiologie   imunologie   krev   sekrece   MeSH
• pacienti * MeSH
• patologické procesy * MeSH
• přežití * MeSH
• sérum * MeSH
• tekutiny a sekrety tělesné * MeSH
• tumor infiltrující lymfocyty * MeSH
• zánět * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH