Úvod prvé části „Cytokiny I" jsme věnovali přehledu obecných vlastností a funkcí cytokinů, především jedné skupině cytokinů - interleukinů. v této části jsou shrnuty jak cytokiny prorůstové, tak zánětotvomé, ale pro obě skupiny nejprve vytkneme společné vlastnosti: Je to společný buněčný zdroj cytokinů, společný charakter vazby a přenosu signálu, je to synergický nebo antagonistický efekt vzájemného působeni cytokinové sítě. Konečně jsou to protichůdné funkční důsledKy poammené icvantitativnimi i mterakčnimi vztahy Je to buď růstové a morfogenetické působení nebo vyvolání obranného zánětu, který se za určitých podmínek může změnit na zánět patogenetický.
The introduction of the first part „Cytokines 1" was dedicated to the survey of general properties and functions of cytokines, especially of one group of cytokines, i.e. interleukins. In this part both growth and inflammatory cytokines are summarized. For both groups, we first want to show properties common to all: It is the common cell source of cytokines, the common character of the bond and of the signal transmission, the synergic or antagonistic effect ofthe mutual action ofthe cytokine net. Finally these are the antipodal functional consequences conditioned by quantitative and interactional relationships, the either growth and morphogenetic action or incurrence of the defensive inflammation, which can under certain conditions change to a pathogenetic inflammation.
V úvodu je zdůrazněn úzký vztah mezi strukturou a funkcí, současně však i rozdílnost mezi poruchami struktury a funkce, mezi strukturální a funkční patologií: lokální vymezenost strukturál- ních poruch proti holistickému zřetězení funkčních poruch. Z hlediska vývoje je pro organismus rozhodující program, kterým se uplatňuje ve svém prostředí. Program, který se dědičně fixuje, se bezprostředně realizuje funkcí. Té se postupně přizpůsobuje struktura, která funkci umocňuje a také vymezuje, avšak opět je schopná se adaptovat měnící se funkcí (programu).
The close relationship between structure and function is first pointed out. At the same time, however, the difference between changes of structure and of function is stressed: the former is strictly localised, the latter is characterised by chain reactions affecting the entire motor system (holistic). The decisive factor from the developmental point of view is the program which enables the organism to survive. It is this program which is encoded by heredity, and makes adequate functioning possible in the first place. Structure adapts itself only gradually, but then enhances and also lim its function. If necessary, however, structure readapts itself to a change in function (program).
- MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Musculoskeletal Diseases etiology rehabilitation MeSH
- Musculoskeletal System pathology MeSH
- Pathology classification MeSH
- Movement Disorders etiology rehabilitation MeSH
- Rehabilitation trends MeSH
- Muscles pathology MeSH
- Muscle Development MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Comparative Study MeSH
... CONTENTS -- Preface -- Introduction -- • • -- V11 -- Part -- 10 -- 11 -- I Normal Structure and Function ... ... -- Structural Principles of the Liver -- Methods of Study of Structure -- Gross Inspection, 9 -- Microscopic ... ... Nucleus, 21 -- Metabolic Function of the Liver: the Metabolic Pool and Metabolic -- Interrelationships ... ... Characteristics of the Hepatic Sinusoids, 94 -- Functional Characteristics of the Hepatic Sinusoids, ... ... Changes in Cirrhosis 280 -- Review of Basic Functional Alterations, 280 -- Relation of Structural and ...
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The TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase) subunit of telomerase is an intensively studied macromolecule due to its key importance in maintaining genome integrity and role in cellular aging and cancer. In an effort to provide an up-to-date overview of the topic, we discuss the structure of TERT genes, their alternative splicing products and their functions. Nucleotide databases contain more than 90 full-length cDNA sequences of telomerase protein subunits. Numerous in silico, in vitro and in vivo experimental techniques have revealed a great deal of structural and functional data describing particular features of the telomerase subunit in various model organisms. We explore whether particular findings are generally applicable to telomerases or species-specific. We also discuss in an evolutionary context the role of identified functional TERT subdomains.
- MeSH
- Alternative Splicing MeSH
- Eukaryotic Cells enzymology chemistry MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Evolution, Molecular MeSH
- Molecular Sequence Data MeSH
- Prokaryotic Cells enzymology chemistry MeSH
- Telomerase genetics chemistry metabolism MeSH
- Telomere metabolism MeSH
- Protein Binding MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
