BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Crohn's disease is a multifactorial inflammatory disease affecting mainly the gastrointestinal tract. The genetic factors that are involved in the disease include mainly three mutations of the gene NOD2/CARD15 (R702W, G908R, 3020insC). The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the presence of these variants and disease phenotype. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 70 patients with Crohn's disease were examined for the presence of the above-mentioned mutations. The researchers used the medical records to retrospectively obtain clinical data and together with the information obtained prospectively according to the protocol they analysed the connection between gene mutations and disease phenotype. RESULTS: At least one mutation was found in 22 patients with Crohn's disease (32%), four patients were found to have two different mutations (composed heterozygotes - 6%) and six patients (9%) were homozygotes for the 3020insC gene. No significant differences were found between the groups with wild-type form and the mutated form of the NOD2 / CARD15 gene with respect to age at the time of diagnosis, form of the disease or localization according to the Montreal classification. CONCLUSION: Mutations of the NOD2 / CARD15 gene did not significantly affect the frequency of reoperations, homozygotes with 3020insC gene mutations, however, represented a high risk group. The phenotype was not related significantly to the presence of the examined mutations.

• MeSH
• Crohnova nemoc genetika   chirurgie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci genetika   MeSH
• heterozygot MeSH
• homozygot MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mutace genetika   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• reoperace MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• signální adaptorový protein Nod2 genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The global incidence of renal cell cancer is increasing annually and the causes are multifactorial. Early diagnosis and successful urological procedures with partial or total nephrectomy can be life-saving. However, only up to 10% of RCC patients present with characteristic clinical symptoms. Over 60% are detected incidentally in routine ultrasound examination. The question of screening and preventive measures greatly depends on the cause of the tumor development. For the latter reason, this review focuses on etiology, pathophysiology and risk factors for renal neoplasm. METHODS: A literature search using the databases Medscape, Pubmed, UpToDate and EBSCO from 1945 to 2015. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Genetic predisposition/hereditary disorders, obesity, smoking, various nephrotoxic industrial chemicals, drugs and natural/manmade radioactivity all contribute and enviromental risks are a serious concern in terms of prevention and the need to screen populations at risk. Apropos treatment, current oncological research is directed to blocking cancer cell division and inhibiting angiogenesis based on a knowledge of molecular pathways.

• MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci genetika   MeSH
• karcinogeneze MeSH
• karcinom z renálních buněk diagnóza   etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metastázy nádorů MeSH
• nádory ledvin diagnóza   etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• radiační expozice škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• sloučeniny uranu škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• staging nádorů MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Východiska: Karcinom pankreatu je závažnou a rychle progredující diagnózou. Méně je známo o úloze výživy v etiologii karcinomu pankreatu. Studie se zaměřila na roli vybraných výživových zvyklostí u karcinomu pankreatu. Materiál a metody: Studie případů a kontrol probíhala v České republice ve třech centrech (Olomouc, Ostrava, České Budějovice) v letech 2006–2009. Soubor tvořilo celkem 530 osob (310 případů karcinomu pankreatu a 220 kontrolních osob). Údaje byly získávány od subjektů přímo formou rozhovoru se školeným tazatelem a zaznamenány do standardizovaného dotazníku. Data byla vyhodnocena pomocí hrubého odds ratio (OR) a multivariabilní logistické regrese na 95% CI. Statistická analýza byla provedena za použití softwaru STATA v. 10. Výsledky: Velmi silný protektivní efekt byl nalezen u nakládaného zelí (OR 0,32; 95% CI 0,19–0,55), brokolice (OR 0,37; 95% CI 0,25–0,53), vařené cibule (OR 0,14; 95% CI 0,08–0,27), rajčat (OR 0,28; 95% CI 0,13–0,60), syrové mrkve (OR 0,33; 95% CI 0,20–0,56), vařené mrkve (OR 0,35; 95% CI 0,19–0,62). V modelu logistické regrese byl nalezen statisticky významný protektivní vliv u konzumace tří a více porcí vařené zeleniny týdně (OR 0,16; 95% CI 0,05–0,55) a vysoké konzumace citrusového ovoce (OR 0,46; 95% CI 0,23–0,90). Závěr: Studie nalezla signifikantní protektivní vliv konzumace tří a více porcí vařené zeleniny týdně a vysoké konzumace citrusového ovoce u karcinomu pankreatu.

Background: Pancreatic cancer is serious and rapidly progressing condition. Little is known about the role of diet in etiology of pancreatic cancer. The study focused on the role of selected dietary factors related to pancreatic cancer. Material and Methods: The case-control study was performed in the Czech Republic in 2006–2009, involving three centers in Olomouc, Ostrava and Ceske Budejovice. It comprised a total of 530 persons, of whom 310 had pancreatic cancer and 220 were controls. Data were obtained directly from each participant in an interview with a trained interviewer and entered into a standardized questionnaire. The data were analyzed using a crude odds ratio (OR) and multivariate logistic regression with an adjusted OR and 95% CI. The statistical analysis was performed with the STATA v. 10 software. Results: A very strong protective effect was found in pickled cabbage (OR 0.32; 95% CI 0.19–0.55), broccoli (OR 0.37; 95% CI 0.25–0.53), cooked onion (OR 0.14; 95% CI 0.08–0.27), tomatoes (OR 0.28; 95% CI 0.13–0.60), raw carrot (OR 0.33; 95% CI 0.20–0.56), cooked carrot (OR 0.35; 95% CI 0.19–0.62). In logistic regression model, statistically significant protective associations were found in consumption of more than three portions of cooked vegetables per week (OR 0.16; 95% CI 0.05–0.55) and high consumption of citrus fruit (OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.23–0.90). Conclusion: The study found statistically significant protective effect of consumption of more than three portions of cooked vegetables per week and high consumption of citrus fruit.

• MeSH
• Citrus MeSH
• fyziologie výživy MeSH
• interpretace statistických dat MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory slinivky břišní * etiologie   MeSH
• potraviny MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti * MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• zelenina MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

• MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory slinivky břišní * epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• pohybová aktivita MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• volnočasové aktivity MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Weakly acid refluxes seem to play an important role in the pathogenesis of extraesophageal reflux. The aim of this study was to evaluate how proportional representation of patients with extraesophageal reflux in a group of patients with globus pharyngeus changes when we use both pH <4.0 as well as pH <5.0 as a pathological threshold for an extraesophageal reflux episode. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective pH monitoring study of 46 patients. METHODS: Patients with pure globus pharyngeus lasting more than 3 months were included in the study. The pH monitoring was performed (Smit technique) with double probes (fixed distance of 15 cm). The recorded data using only pH <4.0 and using both pH <4.0 along with pH <5.0 as thresholds for extraesophageal reflux episode were analyzed simultaneously. The reflux area index 4 >6.3 and reflux area index 5 >72.6 were considered as clear pathological extraesophageal reflux. RESULTS: Extraesophageal reflux was proven in 23.9% patients with pure globus pharyngeus when standard analysis using only pH <4.0 was used as pathological threshold. If both pH <4.0 and pH <5.0 were used as the pathological threshold, clear extraesophageal reflux was found in four more (8.7%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates the possible role of weakly acid extraesophageal reflux episodes in some patients with globus pharyngeus. Other studies on this issue, including the use of biological markers such as signs of inflammation, are warranted.

• MeSH
• 2-pyridinyl methylsulfinyl benzimidazoly * aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• lanzoprazol MeSH
• laryngofaryngeální reflux * diagnóza   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• manometrie MeSH
• monitorování fyziologických funkcí metody   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• stanovení žaludeční acidity MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

The aim of our study was to assess the accuracy and limitations of ultrasound guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of thyroid nodules. METHODS: The usg-FNAC results of 245 patients with thyroid nodules, who afterwards underwent thyroid surgery or who died, and autopsies were carried out, and compared retrospectively with cytologic results. Patients with malignant cytologic conclusion without histological confirmation after surgery or autopsy were excluded from the study (9 persons). The usg-FNAC results were divided as follows: group 1: diagnosis of malignancy (n = 30), group 2: suspicion of malignancy (n = 28), group 3: benign (n = 126), group 4: inconclusive (n = 29). RESULTS: Assuming the cytologic results of group 1 and group 2 were interpreted as being malignant and those of group 3 as being benign, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of usg-FNAC were 90 %, 85 % and 86 % respectively. Comparing the cytologic conclusions between a group of patients with follicular lesions and a subgroup of other lesions a statistically significant difference (p < 0,01) between both subgroups using Fisher's test was found. Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy in subgroup of follicular lesions were low (71 %, 63 %, 67 %), while in the subgroup of other lesions were high (94 %, 86 %, 88 %). FNAC can specify the nature of focal lesion with high sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy in the cases of non-follicular lesions. Histological evaluation is required to specification of the nature in cases in which cytology is indicative of follicular proliferation.

• MeSH
• cytodiagnostika MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nádory štítné žlázy diagnóza   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• tenkojehlová biopsie MeSH
• uzle štítné žlázy diagnóza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH