In a large family of Czech origin, we mapped a locus for an autosomal-dominant corneal endothelial dystrophy, posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy 4 (PPCD4), to 8q22.3-q24.12. Whole-genome sequencing identified a unique variant (c.20+544G>T) in this locus, within an intronic regulatory region of GRHL2. Targeted sequencing identified the same variant in three additional previously unsolved PPCD-affected families, including a de novo occurrence that suggests this is a recurrent mutation. Two further unique variants were identified in intron 1 of GRHL2 (c.20+257delT and c.20+133delA) in unrelated PPCD-affected families. GRHL2 is a transcription factor that suppresses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and is a direct transcriptional repressor of ZEB1. ZEB1 mutations leading to haploinsufficiency cause PPCD3. We previously identified promoter mutations in OVOL2, a gene not normally expressed in the corneal endothelium, as the cause of PPCD1. OVOL2 drives mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) by directly inhibiting EMT-inducing transcription factors, such as ZEB1. Here, we demonstrate that the GRHL2 regulatory variants identified in PPCD4-affected individuals induce increased transcriptional activity in vitro. Furthermore, although GRHL2 is not expressed in corneal endothelial cells in control tissue, we detected GRHL2 in the corneal "endothelium" in PPCD4 tissue. These cells were also positive for epithelial markers E-Cadherin and Cytokeratin 7, indicating they have transitioned to an epithelial-like cell type. We suggest that mutations inducing MET within the corneal endothelium are a convergent pathogenic mechanism leading to dysfunction of the endothelial barrier and disease.
- MeSH
- dědičné dystrofie rohovky genetika MeSH
- DNA vazebné proteiny genetika MeSH
- genetická transkripce MeSH
- genetické lokusy MeSH
- HEK293 buňky MeSH
- intergenová DNA genetika MeSH
- introny genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- modely genetické MeSH
- mutace genetika MeSH
- promotorové oblasti (genetika) genetika MeSH
- rodina MeSH
- rodokmen MeSH
- rohovkový endotel patologie MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- sekvenování celého genomu MeSH
- transkripční faktory genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- kmenové buňky metabolismus patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- limbus corneae metabolismus patologie MeSH
- nemoci rohovky genetika metabolismus patologie MeSH
- rohovkový epitel metabolismus patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
PURPOSE: Posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy (PPCD) is characterized by abnormal proliferation of corneal endothelial cells. It was shown that TGF-β2 present in aqueous humor (AH) could help maintaining the corneal endothelium in a G1-phase-arrest state. We wanted to determine whether the levels of this protein are changed in AH of PPCD patients. METHODS: We determined the concentrations of active TGF-β2 in the AH of 29 PPCD patients (42 samples) and 40 cadaver controls (44 samples) by ELISA. For data analysis the PPCD patients were divided based on either the molecular genetic cause of their disease as PPCD1 (37 samples), PPCD3 (1 sample) and PPCDx (not linked to a known PPCD loci, 4 samples) or on the presence (17 samples) or absence (25 samples) of secondary glaucoma or on whether they had undergone penetrating keratoplasty (PK, 32 samples) or repeated PK (rePK, 7 samples). RESULTS: The level of active TGF-β2 in the AH of all PPCD patients (mean ± SD; 386.98 ± 114.88 pg/ml) in comparison to the control group (260.95 ± 112.43 pg/ml) was significantly higher (P = 0.0001). Compared to the control group, a significantly higher level of active TGF-β2 was found in the PPCD1 (P = 0.0005) and PPCDx (P = 0.0022) groups. Among patients the levels of active TGF-β2 were not significantly affected by gender, age, secondary glaucoma or by the progression of dystrophy when one or repeated PK were performed. CONCLUSION: The levels of active TGF-β2 in the AH of PPCD patients are significantly higher than control values, and thus the increased levels of TGF-β2 could be a consequence of the PPCD phenotype and can be considered as another feature characterizing this disease.
- MeSH
- dědičné dystrofie rohovky metabolismus MeSH
- glaukom metabolismus MeSH
- keratoplastika perforující metody MeSH
- komorová voda metabolismus MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rohovka metabolismus MeSH
- rohovkový endotel metabolismus MeSH
- transformující růstový faktor beta2 metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy 1 (CHED1) and posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy 1 (PPCD1) are autosomal-dominant corneal endothelial dystrophies that have been genetically mapped to overlapping loci on the short arm of chromosome 20. We combined genetic and genomic approaches to identify the cause of disease in extensive pedigrees comprising over 100 affected individuals. After exclusion of pathogenic coding, splice-site, and copy-number variations, a parallel approach using targeted and whole-genome sequencing facilitated the identification of pathogenic variants in a conserved region of the OVOL2 proximal promoter sequence in the index families (c.-339_361dup for CHED1 and c.-370T>C for PPCD1). Direct sequencing of the OVOL2 promoter in other unrelated affected individuals identified two additional mutations within the conserved proximal promoter sequence (c.-274T>G and c.-307T>C). OVOL2 encodes ovo-like zinc finger 2, a C2H2 zinc-finger transcription factor that regulates mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition and acts as a direct transcriptional repressor of the established PPCD-associated gene ZEB1. Interestingly, we did not detect OVOL2 expression in the normal corneal endothelium. Our in vitro data demonstrate that all four mutated OVOL2 promoters exhibited more transcriptional activity than the corresponding wild-type promoter, and we postulate that the mutations identified create cryptic cis-acting regulatory sequence binding sites that drive aberrant OVOL2 expression during endothelial cell development. Our data establish CHED1 and PPCD1 as allelic conditions and show that CHED1 represents the extreme of what can be considered a disease spectrum. They also implicate transcriptional dysregulation of OVOL2 as a common cause of dominantly inherited corneal endothelial dystrophies.
- MeSH
- alely * MeSH
- dědičné dystrofie rohovky genetika MeSH
- DNA MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mutace * MeSH
- promotorové oblasti (genetika) * MeSH
- rodokmen MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- sekvenční homologie nukleových kyselin MeSH
- transkripční faktory genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Cíl: Zhodnotit výsledky operace katarakty s implantací nitrooční trifokální torické čočky a zjistit přesnost korekce astigmatismu, rotační stabilitu čočky a bezpečnost zákroku. Soubor a metodika: Soubor zahrnoval 22 očí 16 pacientů průměrného věku 58 ? 11 let (39 až 75 let), kterým byla naimplantována čočka AT LISA tri toric 939MP unilaterálně, bilaterálně či v kombinaci s AT LISA tri 839MP. Průměrná sledovací doba byla 5 měsíců. Hodnotili jsme předoperační a pooperační decimální nejlépe korigovanou a nekorigovanou zrakovou ostrost do dálky. Zrakovou ostrost do blízka a na střed jsme měřili na Jaegerových optotypech. Dále jsme sledovali manifestní refrakci, hodnotu rohovkového astigmatismu, pozici implantované čočky v oku, komplikace a pomocí dvou typů dotazníků subjektivní spokojenost pacientů s viděním. Výsledky: Sférický ekvivalent se z předoperačních -1,32 ? 4,05 D (-9,25 až 4,00 D) změnil na -0,23 ? 0,21 D (-0,75 až 0,00 D) po zákroku. Předoperační rohovkový astigmatismus byl -1,97 ? 0,76 D (-4,02 až -1,01 D) a hodnota manifestního astigmatismu byla -1,70 ? 1,26 D. Po zákroku se manifestní astigmatismus signifikantně snížil na hodnotu -0,34 ? 0,37 D (p < 0,001). Průměrná monokulární nekorigovaná zraková ostrost do dálky vzrostla z 0,26 ? 0,18 (0,05 až 0,60) před zákrokem na pooperační hodnotu 0,88 ? 0,13 (0,60 až 1,00) (p < 0,001). Došlo také ke statisticky výraznému zlepšení nejlépe korigované zrakové ostrosti, z předoperační hodnoty 0,57 ? 0,24 na výslednou hodnotu 1,02 ? 0,07 (p < 0,001). Průměrná monokulární nekorigovaná zraková ostrost na blízko byla po zákroku J1-2, na střed odpovídala J3-4. Žádné závažné komplikace nebyly pozorovány. Na základě dotazníků jsou všichni pacienti s viděním velice spokojeni a jsou nezávislí na brýlích. Závěr: V této studii jsme implantací trifokální čočky AT LISA tri toric dosáhli u pacientů s kataraktou dobrých výsledků funkčního vidění na dálku, střední vzdálenost i blízko, a zároveň došlo k výraznému snížení celkového astigmatismu. Zákrok tak vedl k vysoké subjektivní spokojenosti pacientů a k jejich nezávislosti na brýlích.
Aim: The aim of our study was to evaluate the outcome of cataract surgeries with implantation of intraocular trifocal toric lens, and to study the accuracy of astigmatism correction, lens rotational stability, and safety of the procedures. Patients and Methods: Our study comprised 22 eyes of 16 patients who underwent unilateral or bilateral implantation of AT LISA tri toric 939MP, or its implantation in combination with AT LISA tri 839MP. Mean patient age was 58 ? 11 years (39 to 75 years). Mean follow-up was 5 months. Evaluated parameters were preoperative and postoperative decimal corrected (CDVA) and uncorrected (UDVA) distance visual acuity. Uncorrected near (UNVA) and intermediate (UIVA) visual acuity was obtained with Jaeger optotypes. Furthermore, we studied manifest refraction, amount of corneal astigmatism, implanted lens position, and potential complications. Using two types of questionnaires we surveyed patients on their subjective satisfaction with vision. Results: Spherical equivalent changed from preoperative -1.32 ? 4.05 D (-9.25 to 4.00 D) to postoperative -0.23 ? 0.21 D (-0.75 to 0.00 D). Preoperative corneal astigmatism was -1.97 ? 0.76 D (-4.02 to -1.01 D), manifest astigmatism was -1.70 ? 1.26 D. After the surgery, manifest astigmatism significantly improved to -0.34 ? 0.37 D (p<0.001). Mean monocular UDVA increased from 0.26 ? 0.18 (0.05 to 0.60) to postoperative 0.88 ? 0.13 (0.60 to 1.00) (p<0.001). CDVA also improved significantly, from 0.57 ? 0.24 to a final value of 1.02 ? 0.07 (p<0.001). Mean postoperative monocular UNVA was Jaeger 1-2, UIVA corresponded to Jaeger 3-4. No serious complications were recorded. Based on the outcome of questionnaires, all patients are satisfied with their vision and they are independent of spectacles. Conclusion: In the present study we have obtained very good functional outcomes of vision at far, near and intermediate in cataract patients after trifocal AT LISA tri toric lens implantation. Also, total astigmatism in studied eyes was substantially reduced. The treatment led to a high subjective satisfaction of patients and to their independence of spectacles.
- Klíčová slova
- trifokální torická nitrooční čočka,
- MeSH
- astigmatismus * diagnóza chirurgie MeSH
- extrakce katarakty * MeSH
- implantace nitrooční čočky * metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- katarakta MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neparametrická statistika MeSH
- nitrooční čočky MeSH
- protézy - design MeSH
- refrakce oka fyziologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- spokojenost pacientů statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- zraková ostrost fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- trifokální torická nitrooční čočka,
- MeSH
- astigmatismus * diagnóza chirurgie MeSH
- extrakce katarakty * MeSH
- implantace nitrooční čočky * metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- katarakta MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neparametrická statistika MeSH
- nitrooční čočky MeSH
- protézy - design MeSH
- refrakce oka fyziologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- spokojenost pacientů statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- zraková ostrost fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
AIM: To assess the impact of autologous serum (AS) eye drops on the ocular surface of patients with bilateral severe dry eye and to draw a comparison between the clinical and laboratory examinations and the degree of subjective symptoms before and after serum treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A three-month prospective study was conducted on 17 patients with severe dry eye. AS eye drops were applied a maximum of 12 times a day together with regular therapy. Dry eye status was evaluated by clinical examination (visual acuity, Schirmer test, tear film breakup time, vital staining, tear film debris and meniscus), conjunctival impression cytology (epithelial and goblet cell density, snake-like chromatin, HLA-DR-positive and apoptotic cells) and subjectively by the patients. RESULTS: The application of AS eye drops led to a significant improvement in the Schirmer test (p < 0.01) and tear film debris (p < 0.05). The densities of goblet (p < 0.0001) and epithelial cells (p < 0.05) were significantly increased, indicating a decrease of squamous metaplasia after AS treatment. A significant decrease (p < 0.05) was found in the number of apoptotic, HLA-DR-positive and snake-like chromatin cells on the ocular surface. A significant improvement was found in all evaluated subjective symptoms. Altogether, the clinical results were improved in 77%, the laboratory results in 75% and the subjective feelings in 63% of the eyes. CONCLUSIONS: We found that three-month AS treatment led especially to the improvement of ocular surface dryness and damage of the epithelium. The improvement of dry eye after AS treatment correlated well with the clinical, laboratory and subjective findings. From the patients' subjective point of view, the positive effect of AS decreased with time, but still persisted up to three months after the end of therapy.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oční roztoky aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- pohárkové buňky účinky léků patologie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- rohovkový epitel účinky léků patologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- spokojenost pacientů * MeSH
- stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
- syndromy suchého oka farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- zraková ostrost MeSH
- zrakové testy MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy (PPCD) is a rare autosomal dominant genetically heterogeneous disorder. Nineteen Czech PPCD pedigrees with 113 affected family members were identified, and 17 of these kindreds were genotyped for markers on chromosome 20p12.1- 20q12. Comparison of haplotypes in 81 affected members, 20 unaffected first degree relatives and 13 spouses, as well as 55 unrelated controls, supported the hypothesis of a shared ancestor in 12 families originating from one geographic location. In 38 affected individuals from nine of these pedigrees, a common haplotype was observed between D20S48 and D20S107 spanning approximately 23 Mb, demonstrating segregation of disease with the PPCD1 locus. This haplotype was not detected in 110 ethnically matched control chromosomes. Within the common founder haplotype, a core mini-haplotype was detected for D20S605, D20S182 and M189K2 in all 67 affected members from families 1-12, however alleles representing the core mini-haplotype were also detected in population matched controls. The most likely location of the responsible gene within the disease interval, and estimated mutational age, were inferred by linkage disequilibrium mapping (DMLE+2.3). The appearance of a disease-causing mutation was dated between 64-133 generations. The inferred ancestral locus carrying a PPCD1 disease-causing variant within the disease interval spans 60 Kb on 20p11.23, which contains a single known protein coding gene, ZNF133. However, direct sequence analysis of coding and untranslated exons did not reveal a potential pathogenic mutation. Microdeletion or duplication was also excluded by comparative genomic hybridization using a dense chromosome 20 specific array. Geographical origin, haplotype and statistical analysis suggest that in 14 unrelated families an as yet undiscovered mutation on 20p11.23 was inherited from a common ancestor. Prevalence of PPCD in the Czech Republic appears to be the highest worldwide and our data suggests that at least one other novel locus for PPCD also exists.
- MeSH
- dědičné dystrofie rohovky epidemiologie genetika patologie MeSH
- dominantní geny MeSH
- efekt zakladatele * MeSH
- exony MeSH
- genetická heterogenita MeSH
- genetické lokusy MeSH
- haplotypy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lidské chromozomy, pár 20 * MeSH
- mapování chromozomů MeSH
- mutace * MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- represorové proteiny genetika MeSH
- rodokmen MeSH
- rohovka metabolismus patologie MeSH
- srovnávací genomová hybridizace MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- vazebná nerovnováha * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- MeSH
- extrakce katarakty * metody využití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neziskové organizace organizace a řízení využití MeSH
- optometrie * výchova MeSH
- slepota * etiologie prevence a kontrola terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- rozhovory MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Afrika MeSH
- MeSH
- algoritmy MeSH
- astigmatismus chirurgie terapie MeSH
- keratokonus * diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- kontaktní čočky trendy využití MeSH
- laserová terapie metody využití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci rohovky * diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- oftalmologické chirurgické výkony * metody trendy využití MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- stroma rohovky chirurgie transplantace MeSH
- transplantace rohovky metody trendy využití MeSH
- výsledky a postupy - zhodnocení (zdravotní péče) MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH