Úvod a cíle: Retrospektivní analýza četnosti a poměru pohlaví narozených dětí s brániční kýlou v České republice v období 1961–2020. Materiál a metodika: V práci jsme využili údaje z Národního registru vrozených vad vedeného v rámci Registru reprodukčního zdraví v Ústavu zdravotnických informací a statistiky České republiky (ÚZIS ČR) a data z předchozích grantových analýz našeho kolektivu. Dalším zdrojem dat byly údaje o prenatální diagnostice ze Společnosti lékařské genetiky a genomiky ČLS JEP za roky 1961 až 2020. Výsledky: Ve sledovaném období se narodilo více než 7,5 milionu dětí. Z tohoto celkového počtu bylo zachyceno 1 742 případů diagnóz u narozených dětí s brániční kýlou, 973 chlapců, 758 dívek a v 11 případech bylo pohlaví neznámé/neurčeno. Z celkového počtu narozených dětí bylo 51,22 % chlapců a 48,78 % dívek bez brániční kýly. V případě dětí narozených s brániční kýlou bylo statisticky významně více chlapců 56,21 % opro- ti 43,79 % dívek (P < 0,001). Zastoupení chlapců a dívek se v průběhu sledovaného období mění, v prvních dvaceti letech nebyla převaha chlapců nad dívkami tak výrazná a statisticky významná oproti skupině bez VV. Celková incidence vady v průběhu sledovaného období nemá jednoznačný zřetelný trend plynulého poklesu ani nárůstu incidence. Vliv prenatální diagnostiky na četnost vady v populaci jsme hodnotili po pětiletých obdobích. Hodnoty podílu prenatální diagnostiky v prvních pěti pětiletých obdobích rostou, pouze v posledním období 2016–2020 se již vzestup zastavil. Závěr: Celková incidence brániční kýly se v průběhu sledovaného období výrazně nemění. Podíl prenatální diagnostiky se však zvyšuje. Vada se vyskytuje častěji u chlapců než u dívek, tento rozdíl je statisticky významný.
Introduction and objectives: Retrospective analysis of the frequency and sex ratio of children born with diaphragmatic hernia in the Czech Republic in the period 1961–2020. Material and methodology: In the work, we used data from the National Registry of Congenital Anomalies kept within the National Registry of Reproductive Health at the Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic (ÚZIS ČR) and data from previous grant analyzes by our team. Another data source was prenatal diagnosis data from the Czech Society of Medical Genetics and Genomics for the years 1961 to 2020. Results: More than 7.5 million children were born in the observed period. From this total number, 1,742 cases of diagnoses were recorded in children born with diaphragmatic hernia, 973 were boys, 758 were girls, and in 11 cases, the gender was unknown/undetermined. Of the total number of children born, 51.22% were boys and 48.78% were girls without diaphragmatic hernia. In the case of children born with a diaphragmatic hernia, there were statistically significantly more boys 56.21% versus 43.79% girls (P<0.001). The representation of boys and girls changes during the observed period, in the first twenty years the predominance of boys over girls was not so pronounced and statistically significant compared to the group without diaphragmatic hernia. The overall incidence of the defect during the monitored period does not have a clear trend of continuous decrease or increase in incidence. We evaluated the influence of prenatal diagnosis on the frequency of the defect in the population after five-year periods. The values of the share of prenatal diagnostics are increasing in the first five five-year periods, only in the last period 2016-2020 has the rise stopped. Conclusion: The overall incidence of diaphragmatic hernia does not change significantly during the observed period. However, the share of prenatal diagnosis is increasing. The defect occurs more often in boys than in girls, this difference is statistically significant.
Cíle: Retrospektivní epidemiologická analýza četnosti a poměru pohlaví u dětí narozených s diagnózou vro- zeného hydrocefalu v České republice v období 1961–2020. Metodika: V práci jsou využita data z Národního registru vrozených vad vedeného v rámci Registru reprodukčního zdraví v Ústavu zdravotnických informací a statistiky České republiky (ÚZIS ČR) a data z předchozích analýz v rámci grantového projektu našeho kolektivu. Dalším zdrojem dat byly údaje o prenatální diagnostice ze Společnosti lékařské genetiky a genomiky. Výsledky: V období 1961-2020 se v České republice narodilo více než 7,5 milionu dětí. Z toho u 2572 narozených dětí byl zachycen vrozený hydrocefalus, u 1369 chlapců, u 1185 dívek a v 18 případech bylo pohlaví neznámé/neurčeno. V 677 případech byla diagnóza vrozeného hydrocefalu zjištěna prenatálně a následně byla gravidita z genetické indikace ukončena. Incidence vrozeného hydrocefalu v období 1961-1965 je významně vyšší než v ostatních obdobích. Dále do roku 1995 byl zjištěn sestupný trend a po roce 1995 incidence opět stoupá. Podíl prenatální diagnostiky průběžně stoupal a dosáhl maxima v posledních letech sledovaného období. Z celkového počtu narozených dětí bez vrozených vad bylo 51,22 % chlapců a 48,78 % děvčat. Mezi dětmi narozenými s vrozeným hydrocefalem bylo oproti tomu statisticky významně více chlapců (53,60 %) a méně dívek (46,40 %), P=0,016. Podrobnější analýza ukázala, že poměr pohlaví u narozených s vrozeným hydrocefa- lem se v průběhu času mění. Podíl chlapců mezi dětmi narozenými s hydrocefalem byl v prvních dvou, stejně jako posledních dvou dekádách oproti dětem bez VV mírně a nevýznamně vyšší. V období 1981–1990 byl podíl chlapců mezi dětmi s danou VV statisticky významně vyšší než mezi dětmi bez VV (cca 56 % vs. 51 %). Naopak v období 1991–2000 byl podíl chlapců mezi dětmi s danou VV lehce a statisticky nevýznamně nižší než mezi dětmi bez VV. Závěr: Celková incidence vrozeného hydrocefalu v průběhu sledovaného období klesla na nejnižší hodnoty na začátku 90. let minulého století, pak se opět zvyšovala. Za zvýšením počtu případů stojí s největší pravděpodobností rozvoj prenatální i postnatální ultrazvukové diagnostiky. Dále jsme prokázali, že mezi dětmi s hydrocefalem bylo statisticky významně více chlapců oproti dětem narozeným bez VV.
Objectives: Retrospective epidemiological analysis of the frequency and sex ratio of children born with a diagnosis of congenital hydrocephalus in the Czech Republic in the period 1961–2020. Methodology: The work uses data from the National Registry of Congenital Anomalies maintained within the National Registry of Reproductive Health at the Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic (ÚZIS ČR) and data from previous grant-supported analyses of our team. Another source of data was prenatal diagnosis data from the Czech Society of Medical Genetics. Results: In the period 1961-2020, more than 7.5 million children were born in the Czech Republic. Of these, 2,572 children were born with congenital hydrocephalus, 1,369 were boys, 1,185 were girls, and in 18 cases the gender was unknown/undetermined. In 677 cases, the diagnosis of congenital hydrocephalus was established prenatally and the pregnancy was subsequently electively terminated. The incidence of congenital hydrocephalus in the period 1961-1965 is significantly higher than in other periods. Furthermore, a downward trend was detected until 1995, and after 1995 the incidence rises again. The proportion of prenatal diagnostics gradually increased and reached a peak in the last years of the observed period. Of the total number of children born without birth defects, 51.22% were boys and 48.78% were girls. In the case of children born with congenital hydrocephalus, there were statistically significantly more boys (53.60%) and less girls (46.40%), P=0.016. A more detailed analysis showed that the sex ratio of those born with congenital hydrocephalus changes over time. The proportion of boys among children born with hydrocephalus was slightly and insignificantly higher in the first two, as well as the last two decades compared to children without hydrocephalus. In the period 1981 – 1990, the share of boys among children with a given anomaly was statistically significantly higher than among children without anomalies (approx. 56% vs. 51%). On the contrary, in the period 1991–2000, the share of boys among children with a given anomaly was slightly lower than among children without anomalies. The difference is not statistically significant. Conclusion: The overall incidence of congenital hydrocephalus during the monitored period decreases to the lowest values in the early 90s of the last century, then increases again. The increase in the number of cases is most likely due to the development of prenatal and postnatal ultrasound diagnostics. Furthermore, we demonstrated statistically significantly more affected boys compared to the children born without birth defects.
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological data are crucial to monitoring progress towards the 2030 Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) elimination targets. Our aim was to estimate the prevalence of chronic HCV infection (cHCV) in the European Union (EU)/European Economic Area (EEA) countries in 2019. METHODS: Multi-parameter evidence synthesis (MPES) was used to produce national estimates of cHCV defined as: π = πrecρrec + πexρex + πnonρnon; πrec, πex, and πnon represent cHCV prevalence among recent people who inject drugs (PWID), ex-PWID, and non-PWID, respectively, while ρrec, ρex, and ρnon represent the proportions of these groups in the population. Information sources included the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) national operational contact points (NCPs) and prevalence database, the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction databases, and the published literature. FINDINGS: The cHCV prevalence in 29 of 30 EU/EEA countries in 2019 was 0.50% [95% Credible Interval (CrI): 0.46%, 0.55%]. The highest cHCV prevalence was observed in the eastern EU/EEA (0.88%; 95% CrI: 0.81%, 0.94%). At least 35.76% (95% CrI: 33.07%, 38.60%) of the overall cHCV prevalence in EU/EEA countries was associated with injecting drugs. INTERPRETATION: Using MPES and collaborating with ECDC NCPs, we estimated the prevalence of cHCV in the EU/EEA to be low. Some areas experience higher cHCV prevalence while a third of prevalent cHCV infections was attributed to PWID. Further efforts are needed to scale up prevention measures and the diagnosis and treatment of infected individuals, especially in the east of the EU/EEA and among PWID. FUNDING: ECDC.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Comparative data regarding the effect of percutaneous and thoracoscopic ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) on cognitive function are very limited. The aim of the study was to determine and compare the effect of both types of ablations on patient cognitive functions in the mid-term. METHODS: Patients with AF indicated for ablation procedure were included. Forty-six patients underwent thoracoscopic, off-pump ablation using the COBRA Fusion radiofrequency system, followed by a catheter ablation three months afterward (Hybrid group). A comparative cohort of 53 AF patients underwent pulmonary vein isolation only (PVI group). Neuropsychological examinations were done before and nine months after the surgical or catheter ablation procedure. Neuropsychological testing comprised 13 subtests of seven domains, and the results were expressed as post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) nine months after the procedure. RESULTS: Patients in both groups were similar with respect to the baseline clinical characteristics; only non-paroxysmal AF was more common in the hybrid group (98% vs. 34%). Major POCD was present in eight (17.4%) of hybrid patients versus three (5.7%) of PVI patients (p = 0.11), combined (major/minor) worsened cognitive decline was present in 10 (21.7%) hybrid patients versus three (5.6%) PVI patients (p = 0.034). On the other hand, combined (major/minor) improvement was present in 15 (32.6%) hybrid patients versus nine (16.9%) patients in the PVI group (p = 0.099). CONCLUSION: Hybrid ablation, a combination of thoracoscopic and percutaneous ablation, is associated with a higher risk of cognitive decline compared to sole percutaneous ablation.
- MeSH
- fibrilace síní * chirurgie MeSH
- katetrizační ablace * metody MeSH
- kognice MeSH
- kognitivní dysfunkce * etiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- recidiva MeSH
- venae pulmonales * chirurgie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: The latest WHO classification of tumours of endocrine organs defines new units of borderline thyroid tumours (BTT). The aim of our study was to evaluate ultrasonographic and cytological features, mutation profile and surgery treatment in rare thyroid tumours. METHODS: An analysis of 8 BTT out of 487 patients, who underwent thyroid surgery between June 2016 and June 2020. The definitive diagnosis was made postoperatively by extensive histopathological examination. Molecular genetic analysis of genes associated with thyroid oncology (BRAF, HRAS, KRAS, NRAS, TERT, TP53, fused genes) were performed from one FNAB, and 7 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples. RESULTS: BTT were found in a total of 8 patients (1.6%), with a predominance of men with respect to other operated patients. FNAB samples were classified in the Bethesda system as Bethesda I, Bethesda II and Bethesda III in one, four and three cases, respectively. Hemithyroidectomy and total thyroidectomy were performed equally in four patients. The histopathological diagnosis revealed non-invasive encapsulated follicular neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) in three patients, follicular tumour of uncertain malignant potential (FT-UMP) in three patients, well differentiated tumour of uncertain malignant potential (WDT-UMP) in one patient, and hyalinizing trabecular tumour (HTT) in one case. In NIFTP cases mutation in HRAS gene in one patient together with probable pathogenic variant in TP53 gene and in NRAS gene in two patients were detected. In HTT patient PAX8/GLIS3 fusion gene was detected. CONCLUSION: The surgical treatment of BTT is necessarily individual influenced by preoperative clinical, ultrasonographic, cytological and molecular genetic findings, and the presence of other comorbidities.
- MeSH
- folikulární adenokarcinom * patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory štítné žlázy * genetika chirurgie patologie MeSH
- tyreoidektomie MeSH
- uridinmonofosfát MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Animal testing has been prohibited for the safety assessment of cosmetic ingredients or finished products. Thus, alternative non-animal methods, followed by confirmatory clinical studies on human volunteers, should be used as the sole legally acceptable approach within the EU. The safety assessment of cosmetic products requires the involvement of multiple scientific disciplines, including analytical chemistry and biomedicine, as well as in chemico, in vitro and in silico toxicology. Recent data suggest that fragrance components may exert multiple adverse biological effects, e.g. cytotoxicity, skin sensitisation, (photo)genotoxicity, mutagenicity, reprotoxicity and endocrine disruption. Therefore, a pilot study was conducted with selected samples of fragrance-based products, such as deodorant, eau de toilette and eau de parfum, with the aim of integrating results from a number of alternative non-animal methods suitable for the detection of the following toxicological endpoints: cytotoxicity (with 3T3 Balb/c fibroblasts); skin sensitisation potential (in chemico method, DPRA); skin sensitisation potential (LuSens in vitro method, based on human keratinocytes); genotoxicity potential (in vitro Comet assay with 3T3 Balb/c cells); and endocrine disruption (in vitro YES/YAS assay). The presence of twenty-four specific known allergens in the products was determined by using GC-MS/MS. The strategies for estimation of the NOAEL of a mixture of allergens, which were proposed by the Scientific Committee on Consumer Products in their 'Opinion on Tea tree oil' document and by the Norwegian Food Safety Authority in their 'Risk Profile of Tea tree oil' report, were used as models for the NOAEL estimation of the mixtures of allergens that were identified in the individual samples tested in this study.
- MeSH
- alergeny toxicita analýza MeSH
- kosmetické přípravky * toxicita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- parfém * analýza MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- tea tree oil * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Cíl: Cílem této práce bylo analyzovat vztah mezi novými případy klinické formy klíšťové encefalitidy a různými meteorologickými a sezonními prediktory. Materiál a metodika: Modelování vychází z národních dat České republiky za období 2001–2016 v denním rozlišení, a to z hodnot průměrné teploty, průměrné relativní vlhkosti vzduchu a počtu případů klíšťové encefalitidy klasifikovaných podle data prvních příznaků. Používají se čtyři varianty negativně binomického modelu z třídy zobecněných aditivních modelů. Základní model dává výskyt klíšťové encefalitidy do souvislosti se zpožděnou průměrnou denní teplotou okolí a denní průměrnou relativní vlhkostí vzduchu a jejich interakcí se zpožděním odrážejícím inkubační dobu a další faktory. Hodnota zpoždění byla odhadnuta optimalizačním postupem založeným na Akaikeho informačním kritériu. Model také zahrnuje vliv sezony a vliv dne v týdnu. Pro zvýšení biologické věrohodnosti byl základní model rozšířen a byl použit distributed lag model, který zohledňuje možné časově proměnlivé účinky meteorologických proměnných a zahrnuje více zpoždění. Výsledky: Statisticky nejvýznamnějším efektem je sezonnost v rámci roku a pak interakce teploty a relativní vlhkosti vzduchu. Vztah obou meteorologických faktorů a jejich interakce se mění v průběhu sezony aktivity hladových klíšťat Ixodes ricinus. To také mění podmínky výskytu nových klinických případů klíšťové encefalitidy. Časově proměnlivý vliv meteorologických faktorů na výskyt klíšťové encefalitidy vykazuje netriviální změny v průběhu roku. V období před polovinou kalendářního roku (kolem 22. týdne) je efekt nižší, poté následuje zvýšení až do 35. týdne. Závěr: Byly vyvinuty flexibilní modely s kvantitativně charakterizovanými vlivy teploty, vlhkosti vzduchu a jejich interakce, se zpožděním efektu odhadnutým optimalizačním procesem. Výkonnost finálního modelu byla zkontrolována pomocí nezávislých dat, aby se ověřila možnost využití výsledků ke zlepšení predikce rizika nárůstu klinických případů klíšťové encefalitidy.
Objectives: The aim of this work was to analyze the relationship between new cases of clinical tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and various meteorological and seasonal predictors. Material and Methods: The modelling is based on national data from the Czech Republic for the period 2001–2016 in daily resolution, namely on average temperatures, average relative air humidity and the number of TBE cases classified according to the date of the first symptoms. Four variants of a negative binomial model from the generalized additive model class are used. The basic model relates the occurrence of TBE to the lagged ambient daily average temperature and daily average relative air humidity and their interaction with the lag reflecting the incubation period and other factors. The lag value was estimated via the optimization procedure based on Akaike information criterion. The model also includes the effect of the season and the effect of the day of the week. To increase the biological plausibility, the basic model has been expanded to account for possible time-varying effects of meteorological variables and to incorporate multiple lags. Results: The most statistically significant effect is the within-year seasonality and then the interaction of the temperature and relative air humidity. The relationship of both meteorological factors and their interactions vary throughout the activities season of the hostquesting Ixodes ricinus. This also changes the conditions of occurrence of the new clinical cases of TBE. The time-varying effect of meteorological factors on the incidence of TBE shows non-trivial changes within a year. In the period before the middle of the calendar year (around the week 22) the effect decreases, then it is followed by an increase until the week 35. Conclusion: Flexible models were developed with quantitatively characterized effects of temperature, air humidity and their interaction, with the delay of the effect estimated through the optimization process. Performance of the model with multiple lags was checked using independent data to verify the possibility of using the results to improve the prediction of the risk of clinical cases of TBE uprise.
- MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- klíště patogenita MeSH
- klíšťová encefalitida * epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- meteorologické pojmy * MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Pregnant women are among the priority groups to receive influenza vaccines in the Czech Republic since 2011, data on vaccination coverage are not yet available. The aim of the study was to determine the influenza vaccination coverage (IVC) and provide source data for further activities. METHODS: A prospective observational study was performed in a large maternity hospital in Prague. The self-completed questionnaire was distributed to 5,475 pregnant women between September 1, 2020 and August 31, 2021. Questions included maternal sociodemographic characteristics, influenza vaccination status and sources of maternal vaccination recommendations during pregnancy. RESULTS: A total of 4,617 completed questionnaires have been analysed. The median age of study participants (N = 4,592) was 33 years (range: 18-51 years). The majority (69.7%) of women had completed their university education, most women were childless (58.5%) or had one child (32.5%) before the start of the study. Less than 2% of women reported being vaccinated against influenza during their pregnancy (1.5%; 95% CI, 1.1-1.9%). Only 21% of women knew that it's possible to get vaccinated against influenza during pregnancy. Participants considered influenza vaccination in pregnancy as important (3.3%), useful (41.1%) and useless (44.4%). Out of 959 pregnant women who had information about influenza vaccination during pregnancy, only 6.9% were vaccinated, while among those who did not have this information, 0.1% were vaccinated during pregnancy (p < 0.001). The most frequent source of information was Internet, then media and a general practitioner. CONCLUSIONS: The IVC during pregnancy in our study was extremely low. In order to improve IVC among pregnant women, it is necessary to increase awareness of recommendations and vaccination options among the public and professionals and incorporating vaccination recommendation in routine antenatal practice.
- MeSH
- chřipka lidská * epidemiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- infekční komplikace v těhotenství * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- porodnice MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- těhotné ženy MeSH
- vakcinace MeSH
- vakcíny proti chřipce * terapeutické užití MeSH
- zdraví - znalosti, postoje, praxe MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
OBJECTIVES: This observational study aimed to analyse data from big maternity hospital, determine the vaccination coverage and provide source information for further activities. BACKGROUND: Although vaccination of pregnant women against pertussis is recommended in the Czech Republic, data on vaccination coverage are not available. METHODS: The self-completed questionnaire was distributed to 5,475 pregnant women in the maternity hospital between 2020 and 2021. Questionnaires collected mother's sociodemographic characteristics, pertussis vaccination status and sources of recommendations for vaccinations during pregnancy. RESULTS: A total of 4,617 completed questionnaires were analysed. Pertussis vaccination coverage during pregnancy was 1.6 % (95% confidence interval, 1.3-2.0 %). Only 12.5 % of women knew about the possibility of being vaccinated against pertussis during pregnancy. Women considered pertussis vaccination in pregnancy as important (12.9 %), useful (49.1 %) and useless (24.0 %). Of 579 pregnant women who had information about pertussis vaccination during pregnancy, only 12.1 % were vaccinated, while among those who did not have this information, 0.1% were vaccinated during pregnancy (p < 0.001). The most frequent source of information was Internet, then a general practitioner. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to raise awareness of recommendations for pregnancy vaccination among public and professionals, to emphasize the benefits of such vaccination in order to increase the vaccination coverage (Tab. 3, Ref. 31). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: pertussis, whooping cough, pregnancy, vaccination, health knowledge, prevention.
- MeSH
- chřipka lidská * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- infekční komplikace v těhotenství * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pertuse * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- těhotné ženy MeSH
- vakcinace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
