Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a major cause of neurological infections in many regions of central, eastern and northern Europe and northern Asia. In approximately 15% of cases, TBEV infections lead to the development of severe encephalitis or meningitis. The main route of TBEV transmission is tick bites; however, ingestion of dairy products from infected animals (goats, cattle and sheep) is also a frequent cause of the disease. Therefore, vaccination of livestock in virus endemic regions could also contribute to the decrease in TBEV infection among humans. Although few vaccines against TBEV based on inactivated viruses are available for humans, due to high costs, vaccination is not mandatory in most of the affected countries. Moreover, there is still no vaccine for veterinary use. Here, we present a characterization and immunogenicity study of a new potential TBEV vaccine based on virus-like particles (VLPs) produced in Leishmania tarentolae cells. VLPs, which mimic native viral particles but do not contain genetic material, show good immunogenic potential. For the first time, we showed that the protozoan L. tarentolae expression system can be successfully used for the production of TBEV virus-like particles with highly efficient production. We confirmed that TBEV recombinant structural proteins (prM/M and E) from VLPs are highly recognized by neutralizing antibodies in in vitro analyses. Therefore, VLPs in combination with AddaVax adjuvant were used in immunization studies in a mouse model. VLPs proved to be highly immunogenic and induced the production of high levels of neutralizing antibodies. In a challenge experiment, immunization with VLPs provided full protection from lethal TBE in mice. Thus, we suggest that Leishmania-derived VLPs may be a good candidate for a safe alternative human vaccine with high efficiency of production. Moreover, this potential vaccine candidate may constitute a low-cost candidate for veterinary use.
- MeSH
- klíšťová encefalitida * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Leishmania * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- neutralizující protilátky MeSH
- ovce MeSH
- protilátky virové MeSH
- skot MeSH
- virové vakcíny * MeSH
- viry klíšťové encefalitidy * genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a flavivirus that causes human neuroinfections and represents a growing health problem. The human monoclonal antibody T025 targets envelope protein domain III (EDIII) of TBEV and related tick-borne flaviviruses, potently neutralizing TBEV in vitro and in preclinical models, representing a promising candidate for clinical development. We demonstrate that TBEV escape in the presence of T025 or T028 (another EDIII-targeting human monoclonal antibody) results in virus variants of reduced pathogenicity, characterized by distinct sets of amino acid changes in EDII and EDIII that are jointly needed to confer resistance. EDIII substitution K311N impairs formation of a salt bridge critical for T025-epitope interaction. EDII substitution E230K is not on the T025 epitope but likely induces quaternary rearrangements of the virus surface because of repulsion of positively charged residues on the adjacent EDI. A combination of T025 and T028 prevents virus escape and improves neutralization.
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a severe neuroinfection of humans. Dogs are also commonly infected with tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). These infections are usually asymptomatic, but sometimes show clinical signs similar to those seen in humans and can be fatal. To date, there is no TBEV vaccine available for use in dogs. To address this need, a TBEV vaccine candidate for dogs based on inactivated whole virus antigen was developed. The safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the vaccine candidate were tested in mice as the preclinical model and in dogs as the target organism. The vaccine was well tolerated in both species and elicited the production of specific anti-TBEV antibodies with virus neutralising activity. Vaccination of mice provided complete protection against the development of fatal TBE. Immunisation of dogs prevented the development of viremia after challenge infection. Therefore, the developed vaccine candidate is promising to protect dogs from severe TBEV infections.
- MeSH
- imunizace MeSH
- klíšťová encefalitida * prevence a kontrola veterinární MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- protilátky virové MeSH
- psi MeSH
- vakcinace MeSH
- virové vakcíny * MeSH
- viry klíšťové encefalitidy * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- psi MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has prompted great interest in novel broad-spectrum antivirals, including perylene-related compounds. In the present study, we performed a structure-activity relationship analysis of a series of perylene derivatives, which comprised a large planar perylene residue, and structurally divergent polar groups connected to the perylene core by a rigid ethynyl or thiophene linker. Most of the tested compounds did not exhibit significant cytotoxicity towards multiple cell types susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and did not change the expressions of cellular stress-related genes under normal light conditions. These compounds showed nanomolar or sub-micromolar dose-dependent anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity, and also suppressed the in vitro replication of feline coronavirus (FCoV), also termed feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). Perylene compounds exhibited high affinity for liposomal and cellular membranes, and efficiently intercalated into the envelopes of SARS-CoV-2 virions, thereby blocking the viral-cell fusion machinery. Furthermore, the studied compounds were demonstrated to be potent photosensitizers, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), and their anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities were considerably enhanced after irradiation with blue light. Our results indicated that photosensitization is the major mechanism underlying the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of perylene derivatives, with these compounds completely losing their antiviral potency under red light. Overall, perylene-based compounds are broad-spectrum antivirals against multiple enveloped viruses, with antiviral action based on light-induced photochemical damage (ROS-mediated, likely singlet oxygen-mediated), causing impairment of viral membrane rheology.
- MeSH
- antivirové látky farmakologie chemie MeSH
- COVID-19 * MeSH
- kočky MeSH
- perylen * farmakologie MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
- singletový kyslík MeSH
- virion MeSH
- virový obal MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- kočky MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants diminishes the efficacy of vaccines and antiviral monoclonal antibodies. Continued development of immunotherapies and vaccine immunogens resilient to viral evolution is therefore necessary. Using coldspot-guided antibody discovery, a screening approach that focuses on portions of the virus spike glycoprotein that are both functionally relevant and averse to change, we identified human neutralizing antibodies to highly conserved viral epitopes. Antibody fp.006 binds the fusion peptide and cross-reacts against coronaviruses of the four genera, including the nine human coronaviruses, through recognition of a conserved motif that includes the S2' site of proteolytic cleavage. Antibody hr2.016 targets the stem helix and neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 variants. Antibody sd1.040 binds to subdomain 1, synergizes with antibody rbd.042 for neutralization, and, similar to fp.006 and hr2.016, protects mice expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 against infection when present as a bispecific antibody. Thus, coldspot-guided antibody discovery reveals donor-derived neutralizing antibodies that are cross-reactive with Orthocoronavirinae, including SARS-CoV-2 variants.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * MeSH
- epitopy MeSH
- glykoprotein S, koronavirus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- neutralizační testy MeSH
- neutralizující protilátky * MeSH
- protilátky virové MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- MeSH
- Crohnova nemoc * MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Úvod: Idiopatické střevní záněty (IBD – inflammatory bowel disease) jsou onemocněním převážně mladého a fertilního věku, kdy i značná část pacientek otěhotní v průběhu nemoci. Jako nejdůležitější faktor zdárného průběhu těhotenství je klidová fáze nemoci, které dosáhneme často intenzivní protizánětlivou léčbou. Vedolizumab (VDZ) a ustekinumab (UST) jsou nové monoklonální protilátky s rozdílným mechanizmem účinku. VDZ je protilátka proti a4ß7 integrinovému receptoru, UST proti interleukinu 12/23 a obě v posledních letech rozšířily spektrum biologické léčby IBD. Cíle: Prezentace výsledků multicentrické observační studie. Primárním cílem našeho sledování bylo posoudit bezpečnost VDZ a UST na průběh gravidity, vývoj plodu a novorozence. Sekundárním cílem bylo zhodnocení transplacentárního přenosu léků prostřednictvím analýzy hladin léků v pupečníkové krvi a žilní krvi matky. Metodika: Multicentrická retrospektivně-prospektivní observační studie. Demografické údaje, informace o charakteru IBD v průběhu těhotenství a detaily terapie byly získávány z preformovaného dotazníku, údaje o porodu a stavu novorozence byly doplněny z porodnické dokumentace. Ke stanovení míry transplacentárního přenosu byly měřeny hladiny VDZ a UST z odběrů pupečníkové krve a žilní krve matky v době porodu pomocí metody ELISA. Výsledky: Od března 2019 do září 2021 bylo do studie zařazeno celkem 85 dokončených gravidit u 79 pacientek z 15 center biologické léčby IBD v České republice, z nichž 36 bylo léčeno VDZ (s mediánem věku žen 32 let) a 49 UST (s mediánem věku žen 30,5 let). Ve skupině s VDZ došlo k porodům živých dětí u 32 gravidit (88,9 %), zaznamenány byly dva časné spontánní aborty a dvě instrumentálně přerušená těhotenství (4; 11,1 %). Celkem 31 dětí (93,9 %) bylo porozeno v termínu, medián porodních hmotností byl 3 097,5 g. V linii s UST bylo porozeno 39 živých dětí (79,6 %), devět těhotenství skončilo časným spontánním abortem a jedno bylo instrumentálně přerušeno (10; 20,4 %). Celkem 38 dětí (97,4 %) bylo narozeno v termínu s mediánem porodních hmotností 3 265 g. Farmakokinetické parametry byly sledovány u 44 párů novorozenec-matka (21 VDZ, 23 UST). Medián hladin VDZ v žilní krvi matky byl 7,2 mg/l, v pupečníkové krvi novorozence 4,7 mg/l (poměr hladin v pupečníku / u matky 0,66), u UST byl medián hladin u matky 4,7 mg/l a novorozence 7,9 mg/l (poměr hladin v pupečníku / u matky 1,65). Závěr: Námi prezentované výsledky pacientek léčených pro IBD a exponovaných v průběhu gravidity minimálně jedné dávce biologické léčby UST nebo VDZ jsou v souladu s dříve publikovanými údaji a potvrzují příznivý bezpečností profil nových biologik v graviditě. Vzhledem ke stále limitovaným počtům zařazených pacientek bude potřeba do budoucna ještě dalšího sledování.
Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is mostly diagnosed in young women of fertile age, and a significant number of patients become pregnant while they have the disease. The remission of the illness, which is often achieved by intensive anti inflammatory treatment, has been found to be the most important factor of a successful pregnancy. Vedolizumab (VDZ) and ustekinumab (UST) are newer types of monoclonal antibodies with different mechanisms of effect when compared to anti-TNF treatment. VDZ is a monoclonal antibody against the a4b7 integrin receptor, and UST against interleukin 12/23; both have expanded the spectrum of the biological treatment of IBD in recent years. Aims: To present the results of a multicentre observational study. The primary aim was to assess the safety of vedolizumab and ustekinumab for pregnancy, foetal development and the neonatal outcome. The secondary aim was to measure the drug concentration in maternal and cord blood at the time of delivery. Methods: It was a multicentre, retrospective-prospective observational study. Data on patients’ demographics, clinical characteristics and pregnancy were collected by the treating physician using a predefined questionnaire, data on newborn outcome were obtained from medical documentation. The ELISA method was used to measure the VDZ and UST concentrations. Results: The study took place in 15 IBD clinical centres in the Czech Republic. 79 women with 85 completed pregnancies were included in the study, and they were exposed to VDZ or UST during pregnancy. 36 women were treated with vedolizumab (median age 32 years) and 49 with ustekinumab (median age 30.5 years). In the group with VDZ, live births occurred with 32 women (88.9%), and there were two early spontaneous abortions up to the eighth week of gestation in addition to two instrumentally aborted pregnancies (4, 11.1%). 31 children (93.9%) in the group with VDZ were born at term with a median birth weight of 3,097.5 grams. In the ustekinumab group, 39 women (79.6%) had live births, there were nine early abortions and one instrumentally aborted pregnancy (10, 20.4%). 38 (97.4%) children were born at term with a median birth weight of 3,265 grams. The drug levels of VDZ and UST at birth were measured in 44 neonate-mother pairs (21 VDZ, 23 UST). The median level of VDZ in maternal venous blood was 7.2 mg/l, and in cord blood it was 4.7 mg/l (infant / maternal ratio 0.66). With UST, the median maternal level was 4.7 mg/l, and in neonates it was 7.9 mg/l (infant / maternal ratio 1.65). Conclusion: The results found in a group of women that were being treated for IBD and were exposed to at least one dose of biologic treatment with UST or VDZ during pregnancy are consistent with previously published evidence showing no adverse events, and they confirm the safety profile of new biologics in pregnancy. Due to the still limited number of enrolled patients, further studies are needed on the outcomes of pregnancies with new biologics drugs.
- Klíčová slova
- vedolizumab,
- MeSH
- biologická terapie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky farmakokinetika terapeutické užití MeSH
- idiopatické střevní záněty * farmakoterapie MeSH
- klinické zkoušky jako téma MeSH
- komplikace těhotenství MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- maternofetální výměna látek MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- těhotenství * účinky léků MeSH
- ustekinumab farmakokinetika terapeutické užití MeSH
- výsledek těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- těhotenství * účinky léků MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Evidence on the safety of newer biologics during pregnancy is limited. We aimed to assess the safety of ustekinumab and vedolizumab treatment during gestation on pregnancy and infant outcome. Furthermore, we evaluated the placental transfer of these agents. METHODS: We performed a prospective, multicentre, observational study in consecutive women with inflammatory bowel disease exposed to ustekinumab or vedolizumab 2 months prior to conception or during pregnancy. Pregnancy, neonatal, and infant outcomes were evaluated and compared with the anti-tumour necrosis factor [TNF]-exposed control group. Drug levels were assessed in maternal and cord blood at delivery. RESULTS: We included 54 and 39 pregnancies exposed to ustekinumab and vedolizumab, respectively. In the ustekinumab group, 43 [79.9%] resulted in live births, and 11 [20.4%] led to spontaneous abortion. Thirty-five [89.7%] pregnancies on vedolizumab ended in a live birth, two [5.1%] in spontaneous, and two [5.1%] in therapeutic abortion. No significant difference in pregnancy outcome between either the vedolizumab or the ustekinumab group and controls was observed [p >0.05]. Similarly, there was no negative safety signal in the postnatal outcome of exposed children regarding growth, psychomotor development, and risk of allergy/atopy or infectious complications. The median infant-to-maternal ratio of ustekinumab levels was 1.67 and it was 0.59 in vedolizumab. CONCLUSIONS: Use of ustekinumab and vedolizumab in pregnancy seems to be safe, with favuorable pregnancy and postnatal infant outcomes. Placental transfer differed between these two drugs, with ustekinumab having similar and vedolizumab having inverse infant-to-maternal ratio of drug levels compared with anti-TNF preparations.
- MeSH
- gastrointestinální látky škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky * škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- idiopatické střevní záněty * farmakoterapie MeSH
- inhibitory TNF škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- matka - expozice noxám MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- placenta MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ustekinumab * škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- výsledek těhotenství MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
The paper deals with realized researches focused on the field of poetotherapeutic and bibliotherapeutic intervention, which took place in the first and second decade of the 21st century at the Institute of Special Pedagogical Studies Faculty of Education (PdFUP) in Olomouc. These studies focused on assessing the effectiveness of poetotherapy intervention in children with special needs education (SEN) and the respondents of the detoxification unit and were described in practical parts of Bachelor‘s and Diploma Theses of the students of the USS PdFUP. The authors of this paper allow readers to gain insight into the details of these professional works and provide not only an overview of these surveys, but also provide the candidates with the opportunity to compare the content of the subject under consideration and to assess the effectiveness of the methodologies used. At the end of this paper, the authors also contemplate other possibilities for further, possibly similar, research.
