Annona and ginger have prominent uses in traditional medicine; their therapeutic properties have not been sufficiently explored. The ameliorative effect of Annona or ginger extracts on hyperglycaemia associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in experimentally induced diabetes was addressed. Type 1 diabetes in male rats was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 40 mg/kg, i.p.), then Annona (100 mg/kg) or ginger (200 mg/kg) extracts were orally administered daily for 30 days. The Annona and ginger extracts ameliorated hyperglycaemia, insulin level, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels in the diabetic rats. The treatments significantly ameliorated liver function enzymes and total proteins; this was confirmed by histopathological examination of liver sections. Annona and ginger extracts significantly reduced elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) and restored activity of antioxidant enzymes in the liver such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) and the hepatic content of reduced glutathione (GSH). The oxidative stressdependent inflammation was regulated by both Annona and ginger extracts, which was indicated by down-regulation of TNF-α, NF-κB, pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, p53, and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Moreover, the expression of insulin receptor (INSR) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) genes was markedly regulated by both these extracts. The results suggest that Annona and ginger extracts ameliorate the hepatic damage resulting from diabetes by advocating antioxidants and modulating apoptotic mediator proteins in the liver of diabetic rats. In conclusion, Annona and ginger extracts have a potential therapeutic effect in the treatment of diabetes and its complications.
- MeSH
- Annona chemistry MeSH
- Antioxidants metabolism MeSH
- Apoptosis drug effects MeSH
- Biomarkers blood MeSH
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental blood drug therapy enzymology MeSH
- Glycated Hemoglobin metabolism MeSH
- Insulin blood MeSH
- Insulin Resistance MeSH
- Liver Function Tests MeSH
- Liver drug effects physiopathology MeSH
- Blood Glucose metabolism MeSH
- Malondialdehyde metabolism MeSH
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 metabolism MeSH
- NF-kappa B metabolism MeSH
- Oxidative Stress drug effects MeSH
- Rats, Wistar MeSH
- Glucose Transporter Type 2 genetics metabolism MeSH
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein metabolism MeSH
- Receptor, Insulin genetics metabolism MeSH
- Gene Expression Regulation MeSH
- Plant Extracts pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha metabolism MeSH
- Zingiber officinale chemistry MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Male MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Pseuduvaria macrophylla (Family: Annonaceae) is commonly used as medicinal plant in Malaysia. A recent study with the Pseuduvaria species showed antioxidant and antidiabetic effects. This study aimed to ascertain antidiabetic potential of methanolic extract of Pseuduvaria macrophylla bark (PM) using streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rat models. Various phytochemical and biochemical properties of the plant have been evaluated. The results showed that the extract has potentially normalized the elevated blood glucose levels by upregulating the insulin and C-peptide levels and alleviated oxidative stress by improving glutathione (GSH) and reducing lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the diabetic rats. In addition, PM has drastically downregulated the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1). Histopathological examination of the pancreas in PM treated diabetic rats showed significant recovery of the pancreatic structural degeneration and thus reflected the protective role of PM against peroxidation damage by a rise in insulin level as evidenced by the immunohistochemistry study. The improved expressions of GLUT-1, GLUT-2 and GLUT-4 further confirmed the restoration of β-cell mass by PM. Interestingly, the findings demonstrated the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antihyperglycemic potential of PM which may provide future lead for the management of type-2 diabetes.
- MeSH
- Annonaceae * chemistry MeSH
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental MeSH
- Hypoglycemic Agents MeSH
- Insulin metabolism secretion MeSH
- Blood Glucose drug effects MeSH
- Disease Models, Animal MeSH
- Oxidative Stress drug effects MeSH
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley MeSH
- Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative metabolism drug effects MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Fytoterapie má nezastupitelnou roli v léčbě diabetes mellitus (DM) především pro svůj adjuvantní účinek, který může vést ke snížení spotřeby klasických farmak a oddálit nástup pozdních komplikací diabetu. Na trhu je dostupné velké množství fytoterapeutik, která jsou registrována jako léčiva nebo potravní doplňky. Cílem této práce je představit přehled vybraných rostlinných drog s prokázaným podpůrným terapeutickým účinkem se zaměřením na preklinické i klinické studie.
Phytotherapy has an irreplaceable role in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM), mainly because of its adjuvant effect, which can lead to a decrease in the consumption of classic drugs and delay the onset of late complications of diabetes. A large number of phytotherapeutics are available on the market and they are registered as pharmaceuticals or food supplements. The aim of this work is to present an overview of selected herbal drugs with proven supportive therapeutic effect, focusing on preclinical and clinical studies.
- Keywords
- Coccinia grandis,
- MeSH
- Annona MeSH
- Camellia sinensis MeSH
- Citrullus colocynthis MeSH
- Cucurbitaceae MeSH
- Diabetes Mellitus * drug therapy MeSH
- Phytotherapy MeSH
- Mustard Plant MeSH
- Hypoglycemic Agents * pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Clinical Trials as Topic MeSH
- Plants, Medicinal * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Plant Extracts MeSH
- Cinnamomum MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
Parkinsonova nemoc je v současnosti stále ještě nozologickou jednotkou (G20), která však skrývá pestrou škálu fenotypů charakterizovaných přítomností parkinsonského syndromu s měnlivou akcentací jednotlivých symptomů, motorických, kognitivních i behaviorálních, a s velmi variabilním průběhem. Zdá se, že se tato jednotka do budoucna (díky dalšímu pokroku v poznání variability fenotypů a jejich klinickopatologických korelací na ultrastrukturální úrovni) bude rozpadat na několik podrobněji definovaných nozologických jednotek. Podobně se během posledních 50 let postupně diferencovaly atypické parkinsonské syndromy jako Parkinsonova nemoc s demencí (PDD), progresivní supranukleární paralýza (PSP), multisystémová atrofie (MSA), kortikobazální degenerace (CBGD), demence s L ewyho tělísky (DLBD), frontotemporální demence (FTD) a endemické atypické parkinsonské syndromy, jako je guamský parkinsonský komplex a guadeloupský parkinsonizmus. Atypické parkinsonské syndromy jsou však stále ještě diagnostikovány na základě klinických diagnostických kritérií, která v době svého vzniku jen částečně reflektovala pravou patologickou podstatu poruchy; jejich nahrazení kritérii vzniklými na základě klinickopatologických korelací by mělo být hlavním úkolem výzkumu v této oblasti v příštích letech.
Parkinson's disease is still viewed as a nosological entity (G20), yet it covers a wide range of clinical phenotypes characterised by the presence of parkinsonian syndrome with variable expression of a range of symptoms – motor, cognitive and behavioural – and an uncertain course. It appears that, largely thanks to progress in the recognition of phenotype variability and its clinico-pathological correlations at an ultrastructural level, it will divide into several close but separate nosological entities. In the last 50 years certain atypical parkinsonian syndromes have already split off one by one – Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), multiple system atrophy (MSA), corticobasal degeneration (CBGD), diffuse Lewy body disease (DLBD), frontotemporal dementia (FTLD) and the endemic parkinsonian syndromes such as Guam and Guadeloupean parkinsonism. However, the atypical parkinsonian syndromes are still diagnosed on the basis of (mainly obsolete) clinical diagnostic criteria which, at the time of their creation, only partially reflected the real pathological nature of the disorder. Their replacement with newly-developed criteria created on the basis of clinico-pathological correlation should be given priority in the field of translational research in the immediate future.
- Keywords
- klinickopatologická korelace,
- MeSH
- Annonaceae adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Ataxia diagnosis etiology classification MeSH
- Lewy Body Disease diagnosis etiology classification MeSH
- Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
- Endemic Diseases classification MeSH
- Financing, Organized MeSH
- Frontotemporal Dementia diagnosis classification MeSH
- Genetic Markers MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- International Classification of Diseases trends utilization MeSH
- Multiple System Atrophy diagnosis etiology classification MeSH
- Neurodegenerative Diseases diagnosis etiology classification MeSH
- Parkinson Disease diagnosis etiology classification MeSH
- Parkinsonian Disorders diagnosis etiology classification MeSH
- Signs and Symptoms MeSH
- Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive diagnosis etiology classification MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
