• MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Gynecological Examination utilization   MeSH
• Community Health Nursing MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Uterine Cervical Neoplasms * prevention & control   MeSH
• Primary Prevention * MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Social Welfare MeSH
• Patient Education as Topic MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Female MeSH

• Keywords
• Gardasil 9, anoskopie, genom Hybrid Capture 2,
• MeSH
• Cytological Techniques MeSH
• Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Human Papillomavirus DNA Tests MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Gynecological Examination * methods   nursing   instrumentation   utilization   MeSH
• Gynecology * MeSH
• Drug Evaluation MeSH
• Papillomavirus Infections * diagnosis   epidemiology   prevention & control   MeSH
• Clinical Trials as Topic MeSH
• Congresses as Topic * MeSH
• Genetics, Medical methods   standards   manpower   legislation & jurisprudence   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Molecular Biology MeSH
• Multicenter Studies as Topic MeSH
• Biomarkers, Tumor MeSH
• Anus Neoplasms diagnosis   etiology   mortality   prevention & control   MeSH
• Uterine Cervical Neoplasms diagnosis   prevention & control   MeSH
• Digital Rectal Examination * methods   nursing   instrumentation   utilization   MeSH
• Mass Screening * methods   methods   standards   organization & administration   utilization   MeSH
• Precancerous Conditions MeSH
• Prenatal Care * methods   MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MeSH
• Registries * MeSH
• Sensitivity and Specificity MeSH
• Practice Guidelines as Topic MeSH
• Pregnancy * MeSH
• Papillomavirus Vaccines * pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Pregnancy * MeSH
• Female MeSH

• MeSH
• Semen Analysis MeSH
• Reproductive Techniques, Assisted * utilization   MeSH
• Gynecological Examination methods   utilization   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Infertility, Male * etiology   therapy   MeSH
• Reproductive Techniques MeSH
• Infertility, Female * etiology   therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

Úvod: Národní program screeningu kolorektálního karcinomu byl v ČR zahájen v roce 2000. Předkládané sdělení popisuje využívání testů na okultní krvácení ve stolici (TOKS) českou populací ve screeningovém programu a informuje o jeho výsledcích. Materiál a metody: Údaje o vývoji zátěže české populace kolorektálním karcinomem (colorecal cancer – CRC) poskytuje Národní onkologický registr ČR, databáze definovaná zákonem a sbírající komplexní údaje o nemocných zhoubnými nádory již od roku 1977. Údaje o využívání TOKS v ČR lze získat z údajů plátců zdravotní péče, které byly poskytnuty Národním referenčním centrem. Výsledky: Ročně je dia­gnostikováno přes 8 000 nových onemocnění CRC, přibližně 4 000 mužů a žen na toto onemocnění každoročně umírá. Přes probíhající screeningový program bohužel prozatím nelze pozorovat významné zlepšení v zastoupení stadií a tedy časném záchytu CRC. Počet prováděných TOKS v ČR sice dlouhodobě zřetelně roste a s ním i pokrytí tímto screeningovým testem, nicméně celkové pokrytí české populace od 50 let věku v roce 2012 činilo pouze 25,5 %. Nejvyšší pokrytí screeningem CRC prostřednictvím TOKS je v Olomouckém, Zlínském a Ústeckém kraji (přes 28 %), naopak nejnižší je pokrytí v hlavním městě Praze (18 %). Od roku 2008 pozitivita TOKS setrvale a znatelně roste, v roce 2012 dosáhla již 6,9 %. U žen provádějí 13–14 % TOKS praktičtí gynekologové. Závěr: I přes znatelný nárůst účasti populace v posledních letech, na níž se podílí i zapojení praktických gynekologů, bohužel program stále pokrývá pouze čtvrtinu populace. Nezbytným předpokladem úspěchu programu na populační úrovni tak musí být účinná opatření směřující k vyššímu zájmu občanů o preventivní vyšetření, zejm. nově zavedené adresné zvaní k preventivnímu vyšetření.

Introduction: The nationwide Colorectal Cancer Screening Programme was introduced in the Czech Republic in 2000. The aim of this article is to describe the employment of faecal occult blood tests (FOBTs) by the Czech population within the screening programme, and to provide information on the latest results of the programme. Material and Methods: Data on the development of the colorectal cancer (CRC) burden in the Czech population is obtained from the Czech National Cancer Registry, a database required by the Czech law that has been collecting comprehensive data on cancer patients since 1977. Data on FOBT employment can be obtained from health care payers, and was provided by the Czech National Reference Centre. Results: Around 8,000 patients are dia­gnosed with colorectal cancer in the Czech Republic each year, and the number of CRC deaths is about 4,000. Despite the ongoing screening programme, significant improvements in the proportional representation of cancer stages (i.e., improvements in early detection of CRC cases) have yet to be seen. Although the number of FOBTs performed in the Czech Republic has significantly grown in the long term (which is accompanied by an increase in coverage by this screening test), the total coverage of the Czech population aged over 50 was only 25.5% in 2012. The Olomouc Region, the Zlin region, and the Usti nad Labem region had the highest coverage rates by CRC screening based on FOBT (over 28%), while the Capital of Prague had the lowest coverage rate (18%). Since 2008, FOBT positivity rates have seen a continuous and significant increase, reaching 6.9% in 2012. Between 13 to 14% of FOBTs in women are performed by practical gynaecologists. Conclusion: Despite a significant increase in the participation rate in recent years, which was partially improved by the involvement of practical gynaecologists, the programme unfortunately still covers only a quarter of the eligible population. Implementation of effective measures aimed at getting people interested in preventive examinations (including the recently introduced programme of personalized invitations) is therefore essential; otherwise, the screening programme will not be successful on the population level. Key words: colorectal neoplasms – mass screening – occult blood – primary health care This study was supported by the project 36/14//NAP “Development and implementation of meth­odology for the evaluation of effectiveness of personalised invitations of citizens to cancer screening programmes” as part of the program­­me of the Czech Ministry of Health “National action plans and conceptions”. The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers. Submitted: 18. 9. 2014 Accepted: 30. 10. 2014

• Keywords
• adresné zvaní,
• MeSH
• Feces MeSH
• Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage diagnosis   MeSH
• Gynecological Examination utilization   MeSH
• Incidence MeSH
• Colorectal Neoplasms * diagnosis   epidemiology   mortality   prevention & control   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Occult Blood * MeSH
• Patient Acceptance of Health Care statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Mass Screening * methods   organization & administration   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Postal Service MeSH
• Primary Prevention methods   MeSH
• Primary Health Care MeSH
• Reminder Systems MeSH
• Sex Distribution MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Neoplasm Staging statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Age Distribution MeSH
• Government Programs MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

• MeSH
• Emigrants and Immigrants * MeSH
• Gravidity MeSH
• Gynecological Examination * utilization   MeSH
• Occupational Health manpower   statistics & numerical data   legislation & jurisprudence   MeSH
• Smoking MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Alcohol Drinking MeSH
• Prenatal Care * methods   manpower   utilization   MeSH
• Primary Prevention economics   methods   organization & administration   statistics & numerical data   trends   MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires classification   utilization   MeSH
• Stress, Psychological MeSH
• Social Conditions economics   classification   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Pregnancy * MeSH
• Pregnant People ethnology   psychology   MeSH
• Health economics   ethnology   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Insurance, Health standards   organization & administration   statistics & numerical data   trends   utilization   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Pregnancy * MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

• Keywords
• cervikální karcinom, HPV, aktivace imunitního systému, primární a sekundární prevence karcinomu cervixu, snížení incidence a úmrtnost na karcinom hrdla děložního,
• MeSH
• Gynecologic Surgical Procedures methods   utilization   MeSH
• Gynecological Examination methods   utilization   MeSH
• Papillomavirus Infections epidemiology   immunology   complications   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Interdisciplinary Communication MeSH
• Uterine Cervical Neoplasms diagnosis   etiology   prevention & control   MeSH
• Mass Screening methods   utilization   MeSH
• Primary Prevention MeSH
• Antineoplastic Agents therapeutic use   MeSH
• Radiotherapy MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Secondary Prevention MeSH
• Practice Guidelines as Topic MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Vaccination MeSH
• Papillomavirus Vaccines immunology   classification   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Age Factors MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

• MeSH
• Uterine Cervical Dysplasia epidemiology   prevention & control   MeSH
• Gynecological Examination trends   utilization   MeSH
• Healthy People Programs MeSH
• Publication type
• Newspaper Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Georgia (Republic) MeSH

• MeSH
• Anesthesia and Analgesia methods   utilization   MeSH
• Administration, Oral MeSH
• Clonidine administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Persons with Psychiatric Disorders classification   psychology   legislation & jurisprudence   MeSH
• Etomidate administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Flumazenil administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Gynecological Examination methods   utilization   MeSH
• Ketamine administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Drug Therapy, Combination utilization   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Midazolam administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Dental Care for Persons with Disabilities methods   utilization   MeSH
• Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Lecture MeSH

• MeSH
• Cytological Techniques MeSH
• Molecular Diagnostic Techniques MeSH
• Gynecological Examination methods   utilization   MeSH
• Papillomavirus Infections diagnosis   epidemiology   prevention & control   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Uterine Cervical Neoplasms diagnosis   mortality   prevention & control   MeSH
• Mass Screening MeSH
• Practice Guidelines as Topic MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Government Programs MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Geographicals
• Slovakia MeSH

• MeSH
• Gynecological Examination methods   utilization   MeSH
• Papillomavirus Infections diagnosis   epidemiology   prevention & control   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Uterine Cervical Neoplasms diagnosis   prevention & control   MeSH
• Mass Screening MeSH
• Practice Guidelines as Topic MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Vaginal Smears MeSH
• Government Programs MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Geographicals
• Slovenia MeSH