Objective: The implementation of nutritional support is a basic need of patients in palliative oncological care. This pilot study optimized the use of sipping to improve the nutritional status of cancer patients in palliative care. Materials and Method: The pilot study included 63 patients, 61.3 years of age on average (range: 32-82 years of age). The patients were assigned to either group A (no nutritional support n = 39 patients) or group B (sipping as nutritional support n = 24 patients). The patients were evaluated through by noninvasive methods: body weight, waist and arm circumference, and triceps skinfold, bioimpedance analysis, and dynamometry. Quality of life was assessed through modified questionnaires. Results: In contrast with group A, group B did not have a significant weight loss, that is, A: 81.9 ± 15.8-80.5 ± 15.8 kg (P = .028) and B: 73.9 ± 14.9-73 ± 16 kg. Body mass index A: 29 ± 5-28.5 ± 5 kg/m2 (P = .007) and B: 25.3 ± 4.7-25 ± 4.9 kg/m2 (P = .614). Waist circumference A: 93.5 ± 15.1-92.5 ± 14.8 cm (P = .008) and B: 80.1 ± 13.2-80.6 ± 12.3 cm (P = .234). Triceps skinfold A: 12.3 ± 7.2-11 ± 6.7 mm (P = .001) and B: 8.2 ± 6.1-7.9 ± 5.7 mm (P = .207). Fat free mass A: 54.8 ± 11.5-52.8 ± 11.6 kg (P = .018) and B: 54.7 ± 10.9-52.8 ± 11.5 kg (P = .207). Significantly lower dynamometer values were recorded in both groups; A: 25.6 ± 10.4-23.1 ± 10.3 kg (P = .010) and B: 27.4 ± 9.9-24.3 ± 9.1 kg (P = .009). In contrast to group B, the patients in group A showed slight variations in their health status, thus decreasing their scores into the significance limit (P = .072). Conclusion: Our results suggest that providing nutritional support in the form of sipping (∼12 g proteins, 300 kcal) on a daily basis prevents the loss of active tissue mass in palliative oncology patients. Based on these results, we recommend the inclusion of this simple nutritional support to prevent malnutrition in cancer patients in palliative care. The clinical study was registered by the internal ethics committee under the heading of its approval - Institutional Ethics Committee of the Hradec Králové Faculty Hospital, number 201311S2OP.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory * terapie MeSH
- nutriční stav MeSH
- paliativní péče * MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Sulforaphane is an isothiocyanate occurring in stored form as glucoraphanin in cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage, cauliflower, and kale, and at high levels in broccoli especially in broccoli sprouts. Glucoraphanin requires the plant enzyme myrosinase for converting it into sulforaphane. Sulforaphane is metabolized through mercapturic acid pathway, being conjugated with glutathione and undergoes further biotransformation, yielding metabolites. Sulforaphane is extensively investigated and is in the interest in medicine for its health benefits. It has been shown that sulforaphane may protect against various types of cancer, may also decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease, and help in autism and osteoporosis. Our review offers a short summary of interesting properties of sulforaphane. Both the in vitro and in vivo methods/models and clinical studies are mentioned.
- MeSH
- antitumorózní látky fytogenní terapeutické užití MeSH
- autistická porucha * farmakoterapie MeSH
- Brassica chemie MeSH
- glukosinoláty metabolismus MeSH
- imidoestery metabolismus MeSH
- isothiokyanatany * chemie farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- osteoporóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Current studies indicate a link between the intake of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) and the induction of complex changes in the intestinal microbiota, as well as the clinical improvement of Crohn's disease (CD). The first aim of this study was to test the ability of various commensal bacterial strains (n = 19) such as bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, and Escherichia coli to grow on three different polymeric EN in vitro. Tested EN formulas were found to be suitable growth media for tested commensals. Furthermore, the counts of these bacteria and total counts of anaerobic bacteria in the fecal samples of children with CD (n = 15) before and after 6 weeks of EEN diet administration were determined using cultivation on selective media. The counts of cultivable commensal bacteria in the fecal samples of CD children were not significantly affected by EEN. However, tested bacteria showed some individual shifts in counts before and after EEN therapy. Moreover, cultured bifidobacteria were found to be in reduced counts in CD children. Therefore, the application of bifidogenic prebiotic compounds to EN for CD patients might be considered.
- MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace genetika růst a vývoj izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Crohnova nemoc metabolismus mikrobiologie terapie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- enterální výživa * MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- kultivační média chemie metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra MeSH
- symbióza MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The influence of metabolites of sulforaphane, natural compounds present in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis italica) and in other cruciferous vegetables, on drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in human liver microsomes and possible entry of sulforaphane into human hepatic cells were investigated. Metabolites studied are compounds derived from sulforaphane by the mercapturic acid pathway (conjugation with glutathione and by following reactions), namely sulforaphane glutathione and sulforaphane cysteine conjugates and sulforaphane-N-acetylcysteine. Their possible effect on four drug-metabolizing CYP enzymes, CYP3A4 (midazolam 1'-hydroxylation), CYP2D6 (bufuralol 1'-hydroxylation), CYP1A2 (7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation), and CYP2B6 (7-ethoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)coumarin O-deethylation), was tested. Inhibition of four prototypical CYP activities by sulforaphane metabolites was studied in pooled human liver microsomes. Sulforaphane metabolites did not considerably affect biological function of drug-metabolizing CYPs in human liver microsomes except for CYP2D6, which was found to be inhibited down to 73-78% of the original activity. Analysis of the entry of sulforaphane into human hepatocytes was done by cell disruption by sonication, methylene chloride extraction, and modified high-performance liquid chromatography method. The results have shown penetration of sulforaphane into the human hepatic cells.
- MeSH
- Brassica chemie MeSH
- cystein metabolismus MeSH
- cytochrom P-450 CYP2D6 účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- glutathion metabolismus MeSH
- hepatocyty metabolismus MeSH
- inhibitory cytochromu P450 farmakologie MeSH
- isothiokyanatany analýza metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- jaterní mikrozomy enzymologie MeSH
- játra chemie metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- systém (enzymů) cytochromů P-450 účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Prebiotics are used for stimulating the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the gut. However, it is very difficult to find a suitable prebiotic mixture that exclusively supports the growth of beneficial microbes such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. We tested the effects of a prebiotic mixture in vitro by incubating it with fecal samples and in vivo by administration of the prebiotic supplement to healthy adult volunteers, followed by analysis of their fecal microbiota. The effect of the oligosaccharides on bacterial metabolism was studied by analyzing short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production in vitro and the SCFA pattern for the stool samples of volunteers. In the in vitro test, a higher proportion of bifidobacteria (25.77%) was seen in the total bacterial population after cultivation on a prebiotic mixture than on the control medium (7.94%). The gram-negative anaerobe count significantly decreased from 8.70 to 6.40 log CFU/g (from 35.21% to 0.60%) and the Escherichia coli count decreased from 7.41 to 6.27 log CFU/g (from 1.78% to 0.44%). Administration of a prebiotic mixture in vivo (9 g of galactooligosaccharides [GOS]+1 g of maltodextrins; daily for 5 days) significantly increased the fecal bifidobacterial count from 9.45 to 9.83 log CFU/g (from 40.80% to 53.85% of total bacteria) and reduced the E. coli count from 7.23 to 6.28 log CFU/g (from 55.35% to 45.06% of total bacteria). The mixture comprising GOS and maltodextrins thus exhibited bifidogenic properties, promoting the performance of bifidobacteria by boosting their growth and inhibiting the growth of undesirable bacteria.
- MeSH
- Bifidobacterium účinky léků růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- Escherichia coli účinky léků růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- fixní kombinace léků MeSH
- galaktosa farmakologie MeSH
- kyseliny mastné těkavé metabolismus MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oligosacharidy farmakologie MeSH
- polysacharidy farmakologie MeSH
- prebiotika * MeSH
- střeva účinky léků metabolismus mikrobiologie MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky kontrolované MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Several health benefits, including protection from tumors at various anatomic sites, such as the lungs, stomach, and prostate gland, have been attributed to tomatoes and tomato-based products. Among tomato carotenoids, lycopene is the most active antioxidant, although it has many other biological effects, but data on its antimutagenic effects are scarce and often discrepant. The aim of our work was to determine the protective effects of lycopene, with regard to mutagenicity, via two indirect mutagens/carcinogens-2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) and aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) and the direct mutagen/carcinogen N-nitroso-N-methylurea (MNU)--using the Ames and micronucleus tests. The significant, dose-dependent, antimutagenic effects of two concentrations of lycopene (30 μg and 300 μg per plate) were demonstrated at various concentrations of both AFB₁ and IQ in two strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA98 and TA100). The protective effects of lycopene relative to MNU were lower in comparison to its protective effects relative to AFB₁ and IQ. Mice treated for 3 days with different doses of lycopene (either 25 or 50 mg/kg of body weight) prior to administration of individual mutagens resulted in a significant reduction of micronuclei numbers in the micronucleus test. Tomato purée (tested using the Ames test and AFB(1)) revealed a much stronger, dose-dependent, antimutagenic effect compared with corresponding doses of pure lycopene. Results indicate that lycopene has antimutagenic effects, although the effects are lower than that of tomato purée, which contains a complex mixture of bioactive phytochemicals. The antimutagenic effect is connected with the chemoprotective role of lycopene, tomatoes, and tomato products in the prevention of carcinogenesis.
- MeSH
- aflatoxin B1 antagonisté a inhibitory metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- antimutagenní látky analýza chemie farmakologie MeSH
- buňky kostní dřeně účinky léků MeSH
- chinoliny antagonisté a inhibitory metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- játra metabolismus MeSH
- karcinogeny antagonisté a inhibitory metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- karotenoidy analýza farmakologie MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- methylnitrosomočovina toxicita MeSH
- mikrojaderné testy MeSH
- mutageny metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nádory prevence a kontrola MeSH
- ovoce chemie MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- Salmonella typhimurium účinky léků genetika MeSH
- Solanum lycopersicum chemie MeSH
- testy genotoxicity MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Seed extracts from six species of the genus Nigella (Family Ranunculaceae)-Nigella arvensis, Nigella damascena, Nigella hispanica, Nigella nigellastrum, Nigella orientalis, and Nigella sativa-obtained by successive extraction with n-hexane, chloroform, and methanol, were tested for their antimicrobial activity against 10 strains of pathogenic bacteria and yeast using the microdilution method as well as for anti-inflammatory properties by in vitro cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 assay. Chemical characterization of active extracts was carried out including free and fixed fatty acid analysis. Comparison of antimicrobial activity showed that N. arvensis chloroform extract was the most potent among all species tested, inhibiting Gram-positive bacterial and yeast strains with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.25 to 1 mg/mL. With the exception of selective inhibitory action of n-hexane extract of N. orientalis on growth of Bacteroides fragilis (MIC = 0.5 mg/mL), we observed no antimicrobial activity for other Nigella species. Anti-inflammatory screening revealed that N. sativa, N. orientalis, N. hispanica, N. arvensis n-hexane, and N. hispanica chloroform extracts had strong inhibitory activity (more than 80%) on COX-1 and N. orientalis, N. arvensis, and N. hispanica n-hexane extracts were most effective against COX-2, when the concentration of extracts was 100 microg/mL in both COX assays. In conclusion, N. arvensis, N. orientalis, and N. hispanica seeds, for the first time examined for antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, revealed their significant activity in one or both assays.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- antiflogistika farmakologie MeSH
- antifungální látky farmakologie MeSH
- Bacteria účinky léků MeSH
- Candida albicans účinky léků MeSH
- cyklooxygenasa 1 metabolismus MeSH
- cyklooxygenasa 2 metabolismus MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- Nigella chemie MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty farmakologie MeSH
- semena rostlinná MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Plant extracts containing phytopolyphenols, including resveratrol, are extensively used as nutraceutical supplements. Recent reports allege their lack of stability at ambient conditions. We have studied the stability of resveratrol and its glycon piceid in a mixture with a whole grape extract for 2 years (long-term stability) under Good Manufacturing Practice pharmaceutical protocols (at 60% humidity and 25 degrees C). The neat compounds were followed for 4 years under conditions of "accelerated stability," at 75% humidity and 40 degrees C, all in the presence of ambient air. Chromatographic analysis did not detect any instability, thus disproving the claims to the opposite. No storage precautions are necessary for these nutritional supplements.
