Fish sperm
Dotaz
Zobrazit nápovědu
Východisko. Je známo, že různé expozice mužů chemickými látkami mohou významně zhoršit kvalitu i kvantitu produkovaných spermií. Cílem naší studie bylo ověřit, zda znečištěné ovzduší v okrese Teplice má negativní vliv na kvalitu spermií u mužů žijících v tomto okrese. Metody a výsledky. Bylo vyšetřeno 325 18letých mužů žijících v okrese Teplice a v kontrolní oblasti Prachatice. Odběry vzorků proběhly v roce 1992 a 1994 vždy na konci zimy a na podzim. Podle SZO laboratorního manuálu pro vyšetření lidského semene byly stanoveny základní spermatologické parametry: objem semene, pH, pohyb, počet a morfologie spermií. U vybraných skupin mužů byla také vyšetřena frekvence aneuploidií ve spermiích. Vyšetření aneuploidií bylo provedeno pomocí tříbarevné fluorescenční in situ hybridizace s využitím satelitních DNA sond specifických pro chromozómy X, Y a 8. Pro analýzu dat byla použita logistická regrese. Byly stanoveny odd’s ratio (OR’s). Vzrůst OR’s byl zjištěn pro morfologii spermií (4,1 a 10,1 pro expozici střední, resp. vysokou), pro morfologii hlavičky (6,1 a 4,1) a u procenta motilních spermií (9,8 a 3,5). Více exponovaní muži měli zvýšenou frekvenci disomií chromozómů X (p=0,012), XY (p=0,01) a Y (p<0,001). Závěry. Použité bioindikátory toxického a genetického poškození spermií ukazují na zhoršenou kvalitu spermií u teplických mužů.
Backgrounds. It has been described that an exposition of males to chemical substances may significantly impoverish quality and quantity of produced spermatozoa. The aim of our study was to test whether the polluted air in the Teplice district has negative effects on the quality of sperm of males living in this district. Methods and Results. 325 males 18-year-old living in the Teplice district and in the control district of Prachatice were tested. Samples were taken in 1992 and 1994, always at the end of winter and in autumn. According to WHO laboratory manual for investigation of the human sperm, basic parameters were determined: volume of the semen, pH, motility, number and morphology of spermatozoa. In selected groups of males the frequency of aneuploidia of spermatozoa was also examined. Examination of aneuploidia was done using three color fluorescence in situ hybridisation with satellite DNA proves specific for X, Z and 8 chromosomes. Logistic regression was used for the data analysis and Odd’s Ratio was estimated (OR’s). OR’s was found for the morphology of spermatozoa (4.1 and 10.1 for medium and high exposition respectively), for the head morphology (6.1 and 4.1) and in the percentage of motile spermatozoa (9.8 and 3.5). More intensively exposed males had higher frequency of disomy in chromosomes X (p=0.012), XY (p=0.01), and Y (p<0.001). Conclusions. Bio-indicators of toxic and genetic impairment have shown lower quality of sperm in males in Teplice district.
- MeSH
- aneuploidie MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- hybridizace in situ fluorescenční metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oxid siřičitý MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- spermie anatomie a histologie patologie MeSH
- znečištění ovzduší MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Morphology of the urogenital system has evolved during fish speciation. Chondrostei (sturgeons and paddlefishes) possess an excretory system which is called "primitive" in that the sperm ducts enter the kidneys and share the excretory ducts where sperm is mixed with urine before it is released into the spawning environment. Further, in this group of fishes there are also physiological characteristics which are associated with these anatomical features where the mixing of sperm and urine is a prerequisite for the final sperm maturation rather than contamination. In the Holostei (gars and bowfins) which are closely related to the Chondrostei, sperm also naturally mixed with urine, but the physiological role of such mixing for sperm biology has not been described. In contrast, urinary and sperm ducts in the more evolved Teleostei are completely separate, and sperm and urine are not mixed before being released during spawning. Thus, urine constitutes an inappropriate environment which can be a source of problems when sperm is collected during fisheries practices. In this review, the consequences of such divergent conditions in the urogenital anatomy will be considered in relation to general features of fish sperm biology and in relation to aquaculture and fisheries practices.
- MeSH
- ryby anatomie a histologie fyziologie MeSH
- spermie fyziologie MeSH
- urogenitální systém anatomie a histologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Motility analysis of spermatozoa relies on the investigation of either head trajectories or flagellum characteristics. Those two sets of parameters are far from being independent, the flagellum playing the role of motor, whereas the head plays a passive role of cargo. Therefore, quantitative descriptions of head trajectories represent a simplification of the complex pattern of whole sperm cell motion, resulting from the waves developed by the flagellum. The flagellum itself responds to a large variety of signals that precisely control its axoneme to allow activation, acceleration, slowing down or reorientation of the whole spermatozoon. Thus, it is obvious that analysis of flagellum characteristics provides information on the original source of movement and orientation of the sperm cell and presents additional parameters that enrich the panoply of quantitative descriptors of sperm motility. In this review, we briefly describe the methodologies used to obtain good-quality images of fish spermatozoa (head and especially flagellum) while they move fast and the methods developed for their analysis. The paper also aims to establish a link between classical analyses by computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) and the descriptors generated by fish sperm flagellum analysis, and emphasises the information to be gained regarding motility performance from flagellum motion data.
Cíl studie: Seznámení čtenáře s problematikou preimplantační genetické diagnostiky a souboremlaboratorních postupů při odběru, úpravě a vyšetření pólových tělísek, spermií a embryí metodoufluorescenční in situ hybridizace (FISH) v programu fertilizace in vitro.Typ studie: Přehled.Název a sídlo pracoviště: Sanatorium REPROMEDA, Brno, Výzkumný ústav veterinárního lékařstvíBrno.Metodika: Stručný a výstižný přehled postupů při získání materiálu, přípravě vyšetřovaného vzorkua průběhu vyšetření chromosomů metodami FISH.Závěry: Práce přehledně zpracovává problematiku provedení PGD, zejména vyšetření chromosomálníchaneuploidií včetně metodiky odběru materiálu, přípravy k vlastní analýze FISH a provedenítéto analýzy.
Objective: Presentation of preimplantation genetic diagnosis and the set of laboratory processes likeaspiration, preparation and evaluation of polar bodies, sperm cells and blastomeres using FISHmethod (fluorescent in situ hybridization) in ART.Design: Review.Setting: Sanatorium REPROMEDA, Brno, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno.Methods: Overview of published data and own clinical experience with the cell aspiration methods,evaluated sample preparation and the proper chromosomes visualisation using FISH method.Conclusion: The review brings an overview of conditions and methods including sample obtaining,FISH analysis preparation and implementation, processed during PGD.
- MeSH
- blastomery MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fertilizace in vitro MeSH
- hybridizace in situ fluorescenční MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odběr biologického vzorku MeSH
- oocyty MeSH
- preimplantační diagnóza metody MeSH
- spermie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
To examine interindividual differences in sperm chromosome aneuploidy, repeated semen specimens were obtained from a group of ten healthy men, aged 20-21 at the start of the study, and analyzed by multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis to determine the frequencies of sperm aneuploidy for chromosomes X, Y, 8, 18 and 21 and of diploidy. Semen samples were obtained three times over a five-year period. Statistical analysis examining the stability of sperm aneuploidy over time by type and chromosome identified two men who consistently exhibited elevated frequencies of sperm aneuploidy (stable variants): one with elevated disomy 18 and one with elevated MII diploidy. Differences among frequencies of aneuploidy by chromosome were also seen. Overall, disomy frequencies were lower for chromosome X, 8 and 18 than for chromosomes 21 or Y and for XY aneuploidy. The frequency of chromosome Y disomy did not differ from XY sperm frequency. Also, the frequency of meiosis I (XY) and II (YY + XX) sex chromosome errors did not differ in haploid sperm, but the frequency of MII errors was lower than MI errors in diploid sperm. Frequencies of sperm aneuploidy were similar between the first sampling period and the second, two years later. However, the frequency of some types of aneuploidy (XY, disomy Y, disomy 8, total autosomal disomies, total diploidy, and subcategories of diploidy) increased significantly between the first sampling period and the last, five years later, while others remained unchanged (disomy X, 21 and 18). These findings confirm inter-chromosome differences in the frequencies of disomy and suggest that some apparently healthy men exhibit consistently elevated frequencies of specific sperm aneuplodies. Furthermore, time/age-related changes in sperm aneuploidy may be detected over as short a period as five years in a repeated-measures study. Copyright 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel.
- MeSH
- aneuploidie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- hybridizace in situ fluorescenční MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- motilita spermií MeSH
- počet spermií MeSH
- sperma cytologie fyziologie MeSH
- spermie cytologie fyziologie MeSH
- uniparentální disomie genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
For teleost fish fertilisation, sperm must proceed through a small opening on the egg surface, referred to as the micropyle. In this paper, we have used boundary element simulations to explore whether the hydrodynamic attraction between sperm and a fish egg can be a sperm guidance cue. Hydrodynamical egg-sperm interactions alone do not increase the chances of an egg encounter, nor do they induce surface swimming for virtual turbot fish sperm across smooth spheres with a diameter of 1mm, which is representative of a turbot fish egg. When a repulsive surface force between the virtual turbot sperm and the egg is introduced, as motivated by surface charge and van-der-Waals interactions for instance, we find that extended surface swimming of the virtual sperm across a model turbot egg occurs, but ultimately the sperm escapes from the egg. This is due to the small exit angle of the scattering associated with the initial sperm-egg interaction at the egg surface, leading to a weak drift away from the egg, in combination with a weak hydrodynamical attraction between both gametes, though the latter is not sufficient to prevent eventual escape. The resulting transience is not observed experimentally but is a detailed quantitative difference between theory and observation in that stable surface swimming is predicted for eggs with radii larger than about 1.8mm. Regardless, the extended sperm swimming trajectory across the egg constitutes a two-dimensional search for the micropyle and thus the egg is consistently predicted to provide a guidance cue for sperm once they are sufficiently close. In addition, the observation that the virtual turbot sperm swims stably next to a flat plane given repulsive surface interactions, but does not swim stably adjacent to a turbot-sized egg, which is extremely large by sperm-lengthscales, also highlights that the stability of sperm swimming near a boundary is very sensitive to geometry.
- MeSH
- algoritmy MeSH
- biofyzikální jevy MeSH
- hydrodynamika MeSH
- interakce spermie a vajíčka fyziologie MeSH
- motilita spermií * MeSH
- oscilometrie MeSH
- platýsi fyziologie MeSH
- počítačová simulace MeSH
- pohyb MeSH
- spermie fyziologie MeSH
- teoretické modely MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Knowledge of conditions affecting sperm quality is essential for efficient culture of fish for commercial purposes and conservation of species. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry were used to characterize the proteomic profile of Acipenser dabryanus spermatozoa relative to motility and fertilization capacity. There were differential amounts of protein in 313 spots in spermatozoa of males classified to have relatively greater or lesser spermatozoa quality. The functions of 43 of 50 selected proteins were identified. The proteins in 14 spots were involved in metabolism, and of these, proteins in 11 spots were highly abundant in spermatozoa of males categorized to have spermatozoa of greater quality, including pyruvate kinase, enolase B, phosphoglycerate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, cytosolic malate dehydrogenase, brain creatine kinase b, Ckmb protein, and nucleoside diphosphate kinase. The proteins involved in mechanics of flagellum movement were identified, including the dynein intermediate chain, radial spoke head 1 homolog; ropporin-1-like, Bardet-Biedl syndrome 5, ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 3, tektin-4, gamma-actin, and tubulin cytoskeleton proteins to be differentially abundant in spermatozoa that were classified relatively greater or lesser quality. Heat shock proteins, copper/zinc superoxide dismutase and peroxiredoxins, which are involved in stress response were of differential abundance in spermatozoa from males with spermatozoa in the two different classification groups. Proteins were also detected that are involved in protein folding and binding, or hydrolase activity. The results are valuable for the prediction of sperm quality and for reproduction management in A. dabryanus and other threatened species.
- MeSH
- motilita spermií MeSH
- proteomika MeSH
- rybí proteiny chemie metabolismus MeSH
- ryby fyziologie MeSH
- spermie chemie metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
To survive low temperature is required for a long-term storage (cryopreservation), cells should be vitrified to a state in which intracellular water is solidified without ice crystal formation. Two different approaches are described for fish sperm cryopreservation: 1) sperm conventional cryopreservation, in which extracellular water is partially crystallized and 2) sperm vitrification, in which both intra- and extra-cellular liquids are vitrified. Sperm vitrification has been applied to some fish species with limited success. Traditional vitrification requires rapid cooling/warming rates, small sample carriers, and using high permeable cryoprotectant concentrations. The latter cause cytotoxic effects which must be well managed and will require continuous effort to match an appropriate cryoprotectant with suitable apparatus and warming methods. Novel cryoprotectant-free sperm vitrification approach has been applied to several fishes. This review summarizes development of basic procedures and discusses advantages and disadvantages of vitrification when applied it to fish sperm.
- MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- kryoprezervace metody veterinární MeSH
- ryby fyziologie MeSH
- uchování spermatu metody veterinární MeSH
- vitrifikace * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
We present a family where five members (three males and two females) are carriers of der(4)t(Y;4)(q11.23;p16.3). The adult carriers are phenotypicaly normal and fertile; the boy shows macrocephaly, psychomotor retardation, and atypical autism. The FISH on cultured lymphocytes confirmed that the redundant Yq heterochromatin was attached to the 4p-subtelomeric region maintained on the der(4). Sperm FISH analysis performed in a normospermic der(4) carrier showed a significant distortion of the expected 1:1 ratio of the X- and Y-bearing spermatozoa in favor of the X chromosome and significant lack of Y,der(4)spermatozoa. The overall lack of Y spermatozoa was not balanced even by a relative excess of Y,4 sperm. The analysis of X, Y, 7, 8, 18, and 21 sperm disomy and diploidy did not indicate any interchromosomal effect. The chromosome 4 disomy was significantly increased but still very low to be of considerable reproductive significance. The neurodevelomental phenotype of the boy was probably caused by a gene mutation. The coincidental occurrence of such chromosomal aberration and boy's phenotype might lead to misinterpretation of the causal relationship between these findings. It is necessary to consider the results of chromosomal analysis and clinical records of relatives for provide genetic counseling in such families.