- MeSH
- blokáda Tawarova raménka etiologie terapie MeSH
- elektrokardiografie MeSH
- funkce levé komory srdeční MeSH
- Hisův svazek * MeSH
- kardiomyopatie * etiologie terapie MeSH
- kardiostimulace umělá škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- srdeční komory MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Right ventricular pacing (RVP) can result in pacing-induced cardiomyopathy (PICM). It is unknown whether specific biomarkers reflect differences between His bundle pacing (HBP) and RVP and predict a decrease in left ventricular function during RVP. AIMS: We aimed to compare the effect of HBP and RVP on the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and to study how they affect serum markers of collagen metabolism. METHODS: Ninety-two high-risk PICM patients were randomized to HBP or RVP groups. Their clinical characteristics, echocardiography, and serum levels of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), suppression of tumorigenicity 2 interleukin (ST2-IL), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), and galectin 3 (Gal-3) were studied before pacemaker implantation and six months later. RESULTS: Fifty-three patients were randomized to the HBP group and 39 patients to the RVP group. HBP failed in 10 patients, who crossed over to the RVP group. Patients with RVP had significantly lower LVEF compared to HBP patients after six months of pacing (-5% and -4% in as-treated and intention-to-treat analysis, respectively). Levels of TGF-β1 after 6 months were lower in HBP than RVP patients (mean difference -6 ng/ml; P = 0.009) and preimplant Gal-3 and ST2-IL levels were higher in RVP patients, with a decline in LVEF ≥5% compared to those with a decline of <5% (mean difference 3 ng/ml and 8 ng/ml; P = 0.02 for both groups). CONCLUSION: In high-risk PICM patients, HBP was superior to RVP in providing more physiological ventricular function, as reflected by higher LVEF and lower levels of TGF-β1. In RVP patients, LVEF declined more in those with higher baseline Gal-3 and ST2-IL levels than in those with lower levels.
- MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- elektrokardiografie MeSH
- funkce levé komory srdeční * fyziologie MeSH
- Hisův svazek MeSH
- interleukin-1 receptor-like 1 protein MeSH
- kardiomyopatie * MeSH
- kardiostimulace umělá škodlivé účinky MeSH
- kolagen MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- tepový objem fyziologie MeSH
- tkáňový inhibitor metaloproteinasy 1 MeSH
- transformující růstový faktor beta1 MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
MicroRNA jsou krátké (18-24 nukleotidů) nekódující, velmi stabilní molekuly RNA, jejichž funkce zahrnuje vše od regulace klíčových signálních drah na molekulární úrovni až po rychlou buněčnou odpověď organismu na patologické stavy. microRNA jsou stabilní v tělních tekutinách a představují velmi perspektivní diagnostický cíl pro včasnou identifikaci široké škály onemocnění. V tomto souhrnném článku je uveden přehled kandidátních diagnostických miRNA vhodných pro využití v diagnostice onkologické kardiotoxicity.
MicroRNAs are very stable short (18-24) noncoding RNAs. The function of miRNA molecules includes everything from the regulation of key signalling pathways at the molecular level to the rapid cellular response to pathological conditions. miRNAs are stable in body fluids and represent a very promising diagnostic targets for the early identification of a wide range of diseases. This summary article provides an overview of candidate diagnostic miRNAs suitable for use in the diagnosis of oncological cardiotoxicity.
Obrovskobuněčná myokarditida (OBM) je vzácné zánětlivé onemocnění srdce postihující často mladé osoby. Klinický průběh je typicky prudký, s fulminantním městnavým srdečním selháním. Prognóza je špatná, správná diagnóza je často stanovena až při pitvě. V této práci popisujeme případ této vzácné myokarditidy postihující 44letou, do té doby zdravou ženu, která byla hospitalizována na klinice anesteziologie a resuscitace po náhlé srdeční zástavě a mimonemocniční resuscitaci. Echokardiografie a zobrazovací vyšetření prokázala těžkou dysfunkci a dilataci obou komor, bez významného nálezu na koronárních tepnách. Dvanáct dní po přijetí pacientka zemřela pod obrazem městnavého srdečního selhání refrakterního na terapii. Při histologickém vyšetření srdce po pitvě byla v myokardu obou komor nalezena mnohočetná nekrotická ložiska s hustou zánětlivou celulizací s účastí hojných obrovských vícejaderných histiocytů, v souladu s diagnózou OBM. Článek diskutuje patologickou anatomii, patofyziologii a histologickou diferenciální diagnostiku této vzácné choroby, součásti je i přehled recentní literatury popisující neobvyklé a nové jednotky.
Giant cell myocarditis (GCM) is a rare inflammatory disease of the heart that often affects younger patients. The clinical course is typically rapid with fulminant congestive heart failure. Prognosis is poor; the proper diagnosis is often rendered at the autopsy. Herein, we present a prototypical case of this rare type of myocarditis, affecting a 44-year-old previously healthy woman who was referred to the intensive care department due to an acute onset cardiac arrest followed by resuscitation. The heart ultrasound and imaging examinations revealed a severe dysfunction and dilatation of both ventricles, without any significant finding in the coronary arteries. Twelve days after the initial presentation, the patient died due to congestive heart failure refractory to intensive therapy. The post-mortem histology of the heart revealed multiple small necrotic foci in the myocardium in both ventricles, with dense inflammatory infiltration with abundant multinucleated giant histiocytes, in line with a diagnosis of GCM. The natural history, pathophysiology, and histological differential diagnosis is discussed, together with review of the relevant literature including uncommon and emerging units.
- Klíčová slova
- obrovskobuněčná myokarditida,
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- echokardiografie metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myokard patologie MeSH
- myokarditida * diagnóza MeSH
- pitva MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
BACKGROUND: Aortic dissection is a relatively uncommon, but often catastrophic disease that requires early and accurate diagnosis. It often presents in patients with congenital connective tissue disorders. The current aortic surgical techniques are related with serious early and late complications. This case report emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis of aortic root dilatation and the risk of dissection, especially in patients with congenital connective tissue disorders. We present an alternative, contemporary and multidisciplinary approach based on the present state of knowledge. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a rare case of a young female patient with Loeys-Dietz syndrome who was admitted with an uncomplicated aortic dissection (Stanford type B / DeBakey type III) and a dilated aortic root. After a period of close surveillance and extensive vascular imaging, thoracic endovascular aortic repair was deemed to be technically not possible. Medical treatment was optimized and our patient successfully underwent a personalised external aortic root support procedure (PEARS) as a contemporary alternative to existing aortic root surgical techniques. CONCLUSIONS: This case highlights the importance of interdisciplinary approach, close follow-up and multimodality imaging. The decision to intervene in a chronic type B aortic dissection is still challenging and should be made in experienced centers by an interdisciplinary team. However, if an acute complication occurs, thoracic endovascular aortic repair TEVAR is the method of choice. In all cases optimal medical treatment is important. There is increasing evidence that personalized external aortic root support procedure PEARS is effective in stabilizing the aortic root and preventing its dilatation and dissection not only in patients with Marfan syndrome, but also in other cases of aortic root dilation of other etiologies. Moreover, many publications have reported the additional benefit of reduction or even eradication of aortic regurgitation by improving coaptation of the aortic valve leaflets in dilated aortas.
- MeSH
- antihypertenziva terapeutické užití MeSH
- aorta thoracica diagnostické zobrazování patologie chirurgie MeSH
- chirurgické síťky * MeSH
- CT angiografie MeSH
- dilatace patologická prevence a kontrola MeSH
- disekce aorty diagnostické zobrazování farmakoterapie etiologie chirurgie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Loeysův-Dietzův syndrom komplikace diagnostické zobrazování farmakoterapie chirurgie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to define the optimal fluoroscopic viewing angles of both coronary ostia and important coronary bifurcations by using 3-dimensional multislice computed tomographic data. BACKGROUND: Optimal fluoroscopic projections are crucial for coronary imaging and interventions. Historically, coronary fluoroscopic viewing angles were derived empirically from experienced operators. METHODS: In this analysis, 100 consecutive patients who underwent computed tomographic coronary angiography (CTCA) for suspected coronary artery disease were studied. A CTCA-based method is described to define optimal viewing angles of both coronary ostia and important coronary bifurcations to guide percutaneous coronary interventions. RESULTS: The average optimal viewing angle for ostial left main stenting was left anterior oblique (LAO) 37°, cranial (CRA) 22° (95% confidence interval [CI]: LAO 33° to 40°, CRA 19° to 25°) and for ostial right coronary stenting was LAO 79°, CRA 41° (95% CI: LAO 74° to 84°, CRA 37° to 45°). Estimated mean optimal viewing angles for bifurcation stenting were as follows: left main: LAO 0°, caudal (CAU) 49° (95% CI: right anterior oblique [RAO] 8° to LAO 8°, CAU 43° to 54°); left anterior descending with first diagonal branch: LAO 11°, CRA 71° (95% CI: RAO 6° to LAO 27°, CRA 66° to 77°); left circumflex bifurcation with first marginal branch: LAO 24°, CAU 33° (95% CI: LAO 15° to 33°, CAU 25° to 41°); and posterior descending artery and posterolateral branch: LAO 44°, CRA 34° (95% CI: LAO 35° to 52°, CRA 27° to 41°). CONCLUSIONS: CTCA can suggest optimal fluoroscopic viewing angles of coronary artery ostia and bifurcations. As the frequency of use of diagnostic CTCA increases in the future, it has the potential to provide additional information for planning and guiding percutaneous coronary intervention procedures.
The location of the pacemaker lead is based on the shape of the lead on fluoroscopy only, typically in the left and right anterior oblique positions. However, these fluoroscopy criteria are insufficient and many leads apparently considered to be in septum are in fact anchored in anterior wall. Periprocedural ECG could determine the correct lead location. The aim of the current analysis is to characterize ECG criteria associated with a correct position of the right ventricular (RV) lead in the mid-septum. Patients with indications for a pacemaker had the RV lead implanted in the apex (Group A) or mid-septum using the standard fluoroscopic criteria. The exact position of the RV lead was verified using computed tomography. Based on the findings, the mid-septal group was divided into two subgroups: (i) true septum, i.e. lead was found in the mid-septum, and (ii) false septum, i.e. lead was in the adjacent areas (anterior wall, anteroseptal groove). Paced ECGs were acquired from all patients and multiple criteria were analysed. Paced ECGs from 106 patients were analysed (27 in A, 36 in true septum, and 43 in false septum group). Group A had a significantly wider QRS, more left-deviated axis and later transition zone compared with the true septum and false septum groups. There were no differences in presence of q in lead I, or notching in inferior or lateral leads between the three groups. QRS patterns of true septum and false septum groups were similar with only one exception of the transition zone. In the multivariate model, the only ECG parameters associated with correct lead placement in the septum was an earlier transition zone (odds ratio (OR) 2.53, P = 0.001). ECGs can be easily used to differentiate apical pacing from septal or septum-close pacing. The only ECG characteristic that could help to identify true septum lead position was the transition zone in the precordial leads. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02412176.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Myxomy jsou nejčastějšími nádory v srdci; vyskytují se většinou v levé síni; jejich přítomnost je však často zjištěna opožděně. V této kazuistice popisujeme případ pacienta léčeného po dobu čtyř let pro asthma bronchiale, dokud nebyla stanovena konečná diagnóza myxomu a zahájena odpovídající léčba.
Myxomas are the most common cardiac tumors mostly localized in left atrium, but the diagnosis is often delayed. This article presents a case of a young patient who had been treated four years for asthma bronchiale before the final diagnosis of myxoma was established and the patient was adequately treated.
Aortální stenóza je nejčastější chlopenní vadou v dospělosti a je významnou příčinou kardiovaskulární morbidity a mortality. Více než 40 % pacientů s aortální stenózou má diskordanci v dopplerovském vyšetření, nejčastěji mají malou plochu aortálního ústí (≤ 1,0 cm2), která je typická pro významnou aortální stenózu, ale nízký gradient (< 40 mmHg), který tuto diagnózu nepodporuje. V klinické praxi rozeznáváme tři hlavní podskupiny pacientů s významnou aortální stenózou a nízkým gradientem a sice: a/ klasickou s nízkým gradientem, nízkým průtokem a nízkou ejekční frakcí levé komory, b/ paradoxní s nízkým gradientem, nízkým průtokem a se zachovalou ejekční frakcí levé komory a c/ aortální stenózu s nízkým gradientem, normálním průtokem a normální ejekční frakcí levé komory. Klíčovu roli v diagnóze a zhodnocení aortální stenózy má echokardiografie. Nicméně, potvrzení významnosti aortální stenózy u těchto pacientů je někdy obtížné a vyžaduje multimodalitní zobrazení, mezi které patří dobutaminový zátěžový test a výpočetní tomografie, resp. kalciové skóre aortální chlopně. Intervence na aortální chlopni u pacientů s potvrzenou významnou aortální stenózou je doporučována i přes vysoké operační riziko. Zvláště u pacientů s nízkým gradientem a nízkou ejekční frakcí levé komory se jako lepší alternativa zdá transkatetrová náhrada aortální chlopně.
Aortic stenosis is the most common primary heart valve disease in adults and an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Up to 40% of patients with aortic stenosis have discordant Doppler-echocardiographic findings, the most common of which is the presence of a small aortic valve area (≤ 1.0 cm2) suggesting severe aortic stenosis, but a low gradient (< 40 mmHg) suggesting nonsevere aortic stenosis. In clinical practice, three subpopulations of patients with severe aortic stenosis and low gradient are distinguished: a/ “classical” type with a low gradient, low flow and low left ventricular ejection fraction: b/ paradoxical type with low gradient, low flow and preserved ventricular ejection fraction and c/ patients with a low gradient, normal flow, and normal ejection fraction. Echocardiography is the key tool for the diagnosis and evaluation of aortic stenosis. However, confirmation of the presence of aortic stenosis is particularly challenging in these patients and requires a multimodality imaging, such as low dose dobutamine stress test and aortic valve calcium scoring by multidetector computed tomography. Intervention of severe aortic stenosis should be considered despite a very high operative risk in these subgroups. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation may be superior to surgical aortic valve replacement especially in patients with low-flow, low gradient aortic stenosis.
- MeSH
- aortální stenóza * diagnóza MeSH
- diagnostické techniky kardiovaskulární MeSH
- diagnostické zobrazování metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
- transkatetrální implantace aortální chlopně MeSH
- zátěžová echokardiografie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Thoracoscopic occlusion of the left atrial appendage (LAA) has become a routine part of thoracoscopic ablation for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). Evaluation of residual findings of the occluded LAA by echocardiography has yet to be described. METHODS: Patients with AF indicated for hybrid ablation (thoracoscopic procedure followed by catheter ablation) were enrolled in this study. LAA was occluded as a routine part of the thoracoscopic procedure. Follow-up transoesophageal echocardiography was performed at the end of the procedure, 2-5 days and 2-3 months after the procedure (before the endocardial stage). The residual pouches of the LAA were measured in the mitral valve view (30-110°) and in the perpendicular view. The depth of the residual pouch was measured from the ostial plane (connecting the Coumadin ridge and the circumflex artery) to the deepest part of the residuum. The volume of the residual pouch and the distance from the circumflex artery to the proximal and the distal ends of the AtriClip were measured using computed tomography. RESULTS: Forty patients were enrolled in this study. The success rate for the occlusion of the LAA, assessed on transoesophageal echocardiography 2-5 days after surgery, was 97.5%. Regarding the residual findings, no reperfused LAAs were found, and only residual stumps remained. The depth of the stump was 12.9 ± 5.9 mm, the area was 2.2 ± 1.1 cm2, and the volume was 3.6 ± 1.9 ml (all data are shown as mean ± standard deviation). CONCLUSIONS: The occlusion of the LAA using an AtriClip PRO device was a clinically safe procedure with high efficacy and was associated with the presence of a small residual pouch after occlusion. Clinical trial registration: NCT02832206.
- MeSH
- echokardiografie transezofageální MeSH
- fibrilace síní diagnostické zobrazování chirurgie MeSH
- katetrizační ablace * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- síňové ouško diagnostické zobrazování chirurgie MeSH
- torakoskopie * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
