OBJECTIVE: Research suggests that disrupted interoception contributes to the development and maintenance of functional neurological disorder (FND); however, no functional neuroimaging studies have examined the processing of interoceptive signals in patients with FND. METHODS: The authors examined univariate and multivariate functional MRI neural responses of 38 patients with mixed FND and 38 healthy control individuals (HCs) during a task exploring goal-directed attention to cardiac interoception-versus-control (exteroception or rest) conditions. The relationships between interoception-related neural responses, heartbeat-counting accuracy, and interoceptive trait prediction error (ITPE) were also investigated for FND patients. RESULTS: When attention was directed to heartbeat signals versus exteroception or rest tasks, FND patients showed decreased neural activations (and reduced coactivations) in the right anterior insula and bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate cortices (among other areas), compared with HCs. For FND patients, heartbeat-counting accuracy was positively correlated with right anterior insula and ventromedial prefrontal activations during interoception versus rest. Cardiac interoceptive accuracy was also correlated with bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate activations in the interoception-versus-exteroception contrast, and neural activations were correlated with ITPE scores, showing inverse relationships to those observed for heartbeat-counting accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified state and trait interoceptive disruptions in FND patients. Convergent between- and within-group findings contextualize the pathophysiological role of cingulo-insular (salience network) areas across the spectrum of functional seizures and functional movement disorder. These findings provide a starting point for the future development of comprehensive neurophysiological assessments of interoception for FND patients, features that also warrant research as potential prognostic and monitoring biomarkers.
- MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Interoception * physiology MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging MeSH
- Brain Mapping MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Brain * physiopathology diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Nervous System Diseases * physiopathology diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Attention physiology MeSH
- Heart Rate physiology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
The precise measurement of cell temperature and an in-depth understanding of thermogenic processes are critical in unraveling the complexities of cellular metabolism and its implications for health and disease. This review focuses on the mechanisms of local temperature generation within cells and the array of methods developed for accurate temperature assessment. The contact and noncontact techniques are introduced, including infrared thermography, fluorescence thermometry, and other innovative approaches to localized temperature measurement. The role of thermogenesis in cellular metabolism, highlighting the integral function of temperature regulation in cellular processes, environmental adaptation, and the implications of thermogenic dysregulation in diseases such as metabolic disorders and cancer are further discussed. The challenges and limitations in this field are critically analyzed while technological advancements and future directions are proposed to overcome these barriers. This review aims to provide a consolidated resource for current methodologies, stimulate discussion on the limitations and challenges, and inspire future innovations in the study of cellular thermodynamics.
- MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Temperature MeSH
- Thermogenesis * physiology MeSH
- Thermography * methods MeSH
- Thermometry methods MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
Kontaminace pitných vod původci virové gastroenteritidy (př. noroviry, rotaviry, adenoviry) představuje ve vodním hospodářství výzvu, zejména při ochraně zdrojů surové vody a dezinfekci pitné vody. V této práci mapujeme výskyt a možnosti odstraňování virových původců gastroenteritidy v oběhovém vodním hospodářství s cílem omezit riziko ohrožení veřejného zdraví v důsledku virové kontaminace. Enterické viry se do odpadních vod dostávají stolicí infikovaných jedinců. Při konvenčním mechanicko‐biologickém čištění odpadních vod jsou odstraňovány jen částečně a společně s viry v odlehčených odpadních vodách mohou pronikat až do zdrojů surové vody pro úpravny vod. Během procesů úpravy vody dochází ke snižování jejich množství, zejména díky pokročilým oxidačním procesům a dezinfekci. Zatímco v rozvojových zemích je přítomnost těchto virů v distribučních sítích běžná a dlouhodobá, v České republice je jejich výskyt zaznamenáván pouze výjimečně, a to při haváriích, například v Praze v roce 2015 nebo v Libereckém kraji v roce 2022. Z důvodu snížení potenciálních rizik při úpravě vody je vhodné sledovat míru znečištění viry v celém antropogenním vodním cyklu a zamezit únikům nevyčištěné odpadní vody do prostředí.
Contamination of drinking water by viral agents of gastroenteritis (e.g., norovirus, rotavirus, adenovirus) poses a challenge for water management, especially in protecting the freshwater resources and water disinfection. Mapping the occurrence of these viral pathogens within the anthropogenic water cycle can help reduce the risk to public health resulting from viral contamination. Enteric viruses are excreted in the feces of infected individuals and enter the wastewater. During conventional mechanical‐biological wastewater treatment, the excreted viruses are removed only partially and, together with viruses in overflow discharges, may reach raw water sources for drinking water production. During water treatment processes, their concentrations are reduced, especially by advanced oxidation processes and disinfection. The presence of these viruses in distribution systems has been documented even in the Czech Republic during incidents (e.g., Prague 2015, Liberec region 2022) and is a persistent issue in developing countries. Therefore, it is essential to monitor viral contamination throughout the entire anthropogenic water cycle and to prevent the release of untreated wastewater into the environment.
Pole indikací k zavedení kardiostimulátoru pacientovi se stále vylepšuje stejně jako ošetřovatelská péče o pacienta. Protože je celý výkon nyní prakticky rutinní záležitostí kardiologů, celý proces od příjmu pacienta do zdravotnického zařízení až po jeho propuštění se výrazně urychlil. Pacient bez přítomných komplikací nebývá hospitalizován více než 3 dny a celkem se u pacienta vystřídají až tři ošetřovatelské týmy. Pacient prochází předoperační přípravou, perioperační péčí a pooperační péčí. Celý proces obsahuje dílčí kroky, které na sebe navazují, a právě celé toto spektrum výkonů činí tento zákrok velmi rychlým a pacient tak odchází stabilizován, edukován a připraven do života s implantovaným kardiostimulátorem. Tento příspěvek mapuje roli ošetřovatelského týmu a cestu pacienta. Cílem je poukázat na velké množství zásadních úkonů, bez kterých se péče neobejde a které jsou zároveň nutné ke snížení výskytu komplikací. Výsledky studie jsou rozděleny do čtyř zásadních oblastí, které poskytují vhled do celé problematiky, vč. jednotlivých úkonů dispenzarizační péče a edukace pacienta.
The field of indications for implanting a cardiac pacemaker in a patient is constantly improving, as is the patient’s nursing care. Since the entire procedure is now practically routine for cardiologists, the entire process from the patient’s admission to the medical facility to discharge has been significantly accelerated. A patient without complications is usually hospitalized for less than 3 days, and a total of up to three nursing teams take turns for the patient. The patient undergoes pre-operative preparation, peri-operative care, and post-operative care. The entire process includes sub-steps that follow each other, and it is this entire spectrum of procedures that makes this procedure very fast, and the patient leaves stabilized, educated, and ready for life with an implanted pacemaker. This post maps the role of the nursing team and the patient journey. The aim is to point out many essential actions without which care cannot be done and which are also necessary to reduce complications. The results of the study are divided into four fundamental areas that provide insight into the entire issue, including individual actions as well as dispensary care and patient education.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cognitive impairment (CI) in multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with bidirectional changes in resting-state centrality measures. However, practicable functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) biomarkers of CI are still lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the graph-theory-based degree rank order disruption index (kD) and its association with cognitive processing speed as a marker of CI in patients with MS (PwMS) in a secondary cross-sectional fMRI analysis. METHODS: Differentiation between PwMS and healthy controls (HCs) using kD and its correlation with CI (Symbol Digit Modalities Test) was compared to established imaging biomarkers (regional degree, volumetry, diffusion-weighted imaging, lesion mapping). Additional associations were assessed for fatigue (Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions), gait and global disability. RESULTS: Analysis in 56 PwMS and 58 HCs (35/27 women, median age 45.1/40.5 years) showed lower kD in PwMS than in HCs (median -0.30/-0.06, interquartile range 0.55/0.54; p = 0.009, Mann-Whitney U test), yielding acceptable yet non-superior differentiation (area under curve 0.64). kD and degree in medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) correlated with CI (kD/MPFC Spearman's ρ = 0.32/-0.45, p = 0.019/0.001, n = 55). kD also explained fatigue (ρ = -0.34, p = 0.010, n = 56) but neither gait nor disability. CONCLUSIONS: kD is a potential biomarker of CI and fatigue warranting further validation.
- MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Cognitive Dysfunction etiology physiopathology diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging * MeSH
- Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
- Multiple Sclerosis * complications diagnostic imaging physiopathology MeSH
- Processing Speed MeSH
- Fatigue * physiopathology etiology diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Pole indikací k zavedení kardiostimulátoru pacientovi se stále vylepšuje stejně jako ošetřovatelská péče o pacienta. Protože je celý výkon nyní prakticky rutinní záležitostí kardiologů, celý proces od příjmu pacienta do zdravotnického zařízení až po jeho propuštění se výrazně urychlil. Pacient bez přítomných komplikací nebývá hospitalizován více než 3 dny a celkem se u pacienta vystřídají až tři ošetřovatelské týmy. Pacient prochází předoperační přípravou, perioperační péčí a pooperační péčí. Celý proces obsahuje dílčí kroky, které na sebe navazují, a právě celé toto spektrum výkonů činí tento zákrok velmi rychlým a pacient tak odchází stabilizován, edukován a připraven do života s implantovaným kardiostimulátorem. Tento příspěvek mapuje roli ošetřovatelského týmu a cestu pacienta. Cílem je poukázat na velké množství zásadních úkonů, bez kterých se péče neobejde a které jsou zároveň nutné ke snížení výskytu komplikací. Výsledky studie jsou rozděleny do čtyř zásadních oblastí, které poskytují vhled do celé problematiky, vč. jednotlivých úkonů dispenzarizační péče a edukace pacienta.
The field of indications for implanting a cardiac pacemaker in a patient is constantly improving, as is the patient’s nursing care. Since the entire procedure is now practically routine for cardiologists, the entire process from the patient’s admission to the medical facility to discharge has been significantly accelerated. A patient without complications is usually hospitalized for less than 3 days, and a total of up to three nursing teams take turns for the patient. The patient undergoes pre-operative preparation, peri-operative care, and post-operative care. The entire process includes sub-steps that follow each other, and it is this entire spectrum of procedures that makes this procedure very fast, and the patient leaves stabilized, educated, and ready for life with an implanted pacemaker. This post maps the role of the nursing team and the patient journey. The aim is to point out many essential actions without which care cannot be done and which are also necessary to reduce complications. The results of the study are divided into four fundamental areas that provide insight into the entire issue, including individual actions as well as dispensary care and patient education.
Accelerated epigenetic aging has been associated with changes in cognition. However, due to the lack of neuroimaging epigenetics studies, it is still unclear whether accelerated epigenetic. Aging in young adulthood might underlie the relationship between altered brain dynamics and cognitive functioning. We conducted neuroimaging epigenetics follow-up of the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC) prenatal birth cohort in young adulthood and tested the possible mediatory role of accelerated epigenetic aging in the relationship between dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) and worse cognition. A total of 240 young adults (51% men; 28-30 years, all of European ancestry) participated in the neuroimaging epigenetics follow-up. Buccal swabs were collected to assess DNA methylation and calculate epigenetic aging using Horvath's epigenetic clock. Full-scale IQ was assessed using the Wechsler adult intelligence scale (WAIS). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) was acquired using a 3T Siemens Prisma MRI scanner, and DFC was assessed using mixture factor analysis, revealing information about the coverage of different DFC states. In women (but not men), lower coverage of DFC state 4 and thus lower frequency of epochs with high connectivity within the default mode network and between default mode, fronto-parietal, and visual networks was associated with lower full-scale IQ (AdjR2 = 0.05, std. beta = 0.245, p = 0.008). This relationship was mediated by accelerated epigenetic aging (ab = 7.660, SE = 4.829, 95% CI [0.473, 19.264]). In women, accelerated epigenetic aging in young adulthood mediates the relationship between altered brain dynamics and cognitive functioning. Prevention of cognitive decline should target women already in young adulthood.
- MeSH
- Default Mode Network * diagnostic imaging physiology MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Epigenesis, Genetic * physiology MeSH
- Intelligence * physiology MeSH
- Cognition * physiology MeSH
- Connectome * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Longitudinal Studies MeSH
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging MeSH
- DNA Methylation MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Brain * diagnostic imaging physiology MeSH
- Nerve Net * diagnostic imaging physiology MeSH
- Aging * physiology genetics MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
BACKGROUND: Effective end-of-life care requires transitioning pharmacotherapy from chronic disease management to symptom relief. Patients in pre-terminal and terminal palliative care may be at risk of receiving potentially inappropriate drugs regarding indication, dosage, route of administration, and polypharmacy, which can increase the risk of deteriorating quality of life. However, data on this process in Home Hospice Care (HHC) is limited. This pilot retrospective study evaluated the pharmacotherapy of 50 patients during their final days under HHC, focusing on changes in treatment and preferred administration routes to optimize symptomatic care. METHODS: Anonymised medical records data were analysed retrospectively to assess the shift from chronic disease pharmacotherapy to symptom and quality-of-life-focused treatment. Statistical methods were applied to identify trends in drug utilisation and administration routes. RESULTS: The study group qualified the most common drugs associated with potential drug-related problems: antidepressants (26%), sedatives/hypnotics (32%), gastroprotection (34%), antihypertensives (46%), coanalgesics (50%), and analgesics (84%). On the final day, the mean was 2.64 systemic medication (standard deviation 1.27), with a minimum number of drugs and a maximum of 6. The most common symptom addressed was pain, which occurred in 28 patients in the group (56%). Therefore, terminal analgosedation was mapped in more detail when, at the end of life, 26 patients (52%) were terminally transferred to continuous medication administered subcutaneously. Continuous subcutaneous linear driver for analgosedation containing two components was used in 12 patients (46.2%) or three components in 14 patients (53.8%). CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective study highlights the importance of targeted pharmacotherapy adjustments in terminal care, including multidisciplinary HHC teams. Pharmacotherapy is simplified and targeted to prevalent symptoms, using the widely used subcutaneous drug administration.
- MeSH
- Quality of Life MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Palliative Care * MeSH
- Terminal Care * methods MeSH
- Hospice Care * methods MeSH
- Pilot Projects MeSH
- Polypharmacy MeSH
- Retrospective Studies MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Home Care Services * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Tento článek navazuje na předchozí články věnované strategickým hlukovým mapám a akčním plánům. V prvním článku s názvem Strategické hlukové mapy a akční plány 2024, který vyšel v Hygieně 4/2024, jsme popsali proces strategického hlukového mapování. Ve druhém článku, Akční plány snižování hluku prakticky, který byl vydán v Hygieně 1/2025, jsme se zaměřili na popis akčních plánů a jejich význam. V tomto, třetím a posledním ze série článků, bychom se rádi věnovali tichým oblastem, tedy místům, kde jsou hlukové hladiny nízké a tato místa mohou sloužit pro odpočinek lidí od hluku. Podíváme se, jak se s tichými oblastmi vyrovnávají akční plány aglomerací. Popíšeme problémy tichých oblastí ve volné krajině. Představíme odborné zprávy, které byly v Evropě na toto téma sepsány.
This article follows on from previous articles dedicated to strategic noise maps and action plans. In the first article Strategic Noise Maps and Action Plans 2024, we described the process of strategic noise mapping (Hygiena 4/2024), in the second article, we focused on the description of action plans and their significance Noise Reduction Action Plans in Practice (Hygiena 1/2025). In this last article in the series, we would like to focus on quiet areas, i.e. places where noise levels are low and these places can serve as places of relaxation from noise. We will look at how agglomeration action plans deal with quiet areas. We will describe the problems of quiet areas in the open countryside. We will present expert reports that have been written on this topic in Europe.
- Keywords
- tiché oblasti, akční plány,
- MeSH
- Geographic Information Systems MeSH
- Noise * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Parks, Recreational * MeSH
- Legislation as Topic MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
The study evaluates the efficacy of RETROICOR (Retrospective Image Correction) in mitigating physiological artifacts within multi-echo (ME) fMRI data. Two RETROICOR implementations were compared: applying corrections to individual echoes (RTC_ind) versus composite multi-echo data (RTC_comp). Data from 50 healthy participants were collected using diverse acquisition parameters, including multiband acceleration factors and varying flip angles, on a Siemens Prisma 3T scanner. Key metrics such as temporal signal-to-noise ratio (tSNR), signal fluctuation sensitivity (SFS), and variance of residuals demonstrated improved data quality in both RETROICOR models, particularly in moderately accelerated runs (multiband factors 4 and 6) with lower flip angles (45°). Differences between RTC_ind and RTC_comp were minimal, suggesting both methods are viable for practical applications. While the highest acceleration (multiband factor 8) degraded data quality, RETROICOR's compatibility with faster acquisition sequences was confirmed. These findings underscore the importance of optimizing acquisition parameters and noise correction techniques for reliable fMRI investigations.
- MeSH
- Artifacts * MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging * methods MeSH
- Brain Mapping * methods MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Brain * diagnostic imaging physiology MeSH
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted * methods MeSH
- Signal-To-Noise Ratio MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
