Při nutnosti řešit středně silnou a silnou bolest je téměř nemožné se obejít bez silných opioidů. Nové opioidní léčivé přípravky (atypické opioidy – buprenorfin, transdermální nebo transmukózní lékové formy) pomáhají zlepšit léčbu různých typů nádorové i nenádorové bolesti a zároveň snižují nežádoucí účinky silných opioidů, zejména zácpu. Fixní kombinace oxykodonu s naloxonem v poměru 2 : 1 zachovává výborný analgetický účinek silného opioidu oxykodonu a zároveň díky obsahu naloxonu předchází vzniku zácpy vyvolané opioidy.
When it is necessary to manage moderate to severe pain, it is nearly impossible to do so without the use of strong opioids. New opioid medications - referred to as atypical opioids, such as buprenorphine in transdermal or transmucosal formulations - contribute to improved treatment of various types of both cancer-related and non-cancer-related pain. At the same time, they help reduce the adverse effects commonly associated with strong opioids, particularly constipation. A fixed combination of oxycodone and naloxone in a 2:1 ratio maintains the excellent analgesic effect of the potent opioid oxycodone, while the inclusion of naloxone effectively prevents opioid-induced constipation.
L eishmaniasis is a prevalent disease that impacts 98 countries and territories, mainly in Africa, Asia, and South America. It can cause substantial illness and death, particularly in its visceral manifestation that can be specifically targeted in the development of medications to combat leishmaniasis. This study has found natural compounds with possible inhibitory activity against APX using a reliable and accurate QSAR model. Despite the severe side effects of current treatments and the absence of an effective vaccination, these compounds show promise as a potential treatment for the disease. Nine hit compounds were found, and subsequent molecular docking was performed. Estradiol cypionate showed the lowest binding energy (- 10.5 kcal/mol), thus showing the strongest binding, and also had the strongest binding affinity, with a ΔGTotal of - 26.31 ± 3.01 kcal/mol, second only to the control molecule. Additionally, three hits viz. cloxacillin-sodium (- 16.57 ± 2.89 kcal/mol), cinchonidine (- 16.04 ± 3.27 kcal/mol), and quinine hydrochloride dihydrate (13.38 ± 1.06 kcal/mol) also showed significant binding affinity. Multiple interactions between drugs and active site residues demonstrated a substantial binding affinity with the target protein. The identified compounds exhibited drug-like effects and were orally bioavailable based on their ADME-toxicology features. Overall, estradiol cypionate, cloxacillin sodium, cinchonidine, and quinine hydrochloride dihydrate all exhibited inhibitory effects on the APX enzyme of Leishmania donovani. These results suggest that further investigation is needed to explore the potential of developing novel anti-leishmaniasis drugs using these compounds.
- MeSH
- Antiprotozoal Agents * pharmacology chemistry MeSH
- Enzyme Inhibitors * pharmacology chemistry MeSH
- Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship MeSH
- Leishmaniasis * drug therapy MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Molecular Docking Simulation MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Our aim is to determine the number of leukocytes, T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes and the expression of activation markers CD200 and CD23 on B lymphocytes in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients (treated and not treated with dupilumab) during the pollen season. We examined 29 patients not treated with dupilumab, 24 patients treated with dupilumab and 40 healthy subjects as a control group. The count of T and B lymphocytes and their subsets were assessed by flow cytometry. The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis one-factor analysis of variance with post hoc by Dunn's test with Bonferroni's modification was used for statistical processing. Although there was a significant improvement in skin findings in patients treated with dupilumab, the changes in immunological profile show a persistent altered immune response characterized by dysregulation and overactivation of B lymphocytes. Dupilumab therapy leads to normalization of relative T regulatory lymphocytes and total memory B lymphocytes and to decreased count of absolute CD8+ T lymphocytes. Why carry out this study?Studies investigating the immunological profile of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients during the pollen season are rare. There are no studies investigating the count of B lymphocytes (CD5+, CD22+ and CD73+ B lymphocytes) and the expression of activation markers CD23 and CD200 on B lymphocytes and on their subsets during pollen season in AD patients treated and non-treated with dupilumab therapy.What was learned from the study?In atopic dermatitis (AD) patients with and without dupilumab therapy, we confirmed the significantly higher count of absolute neutrophils, absolute monocytes, absolute eosinophils, absolute basophils, non-switched B lymphocytes, transitional B lymphocytes, CD23 memory, naive, non-switched, switched and total CD23 B lymphocytes, the relative count of CD200 memory and CD200 switched B lymphocytes.In dupilumab treated patients, we confirmed the significantly higher count of relative eosinophils, relative CD16+ eosinophils, relative CD200 non-switched B lymphocytes and lower count of absolute CD8+ T lymphocytes. Further studies should focus on investigating the effect of dupilumab on CD8+ T lymphocytes and their subpopulations.In patients without dupilumab therapy, we confirmed the significantly higher count of relative neutrophils, relative T regulatory lymphocytes and total memory B lymphocytes.The changes in the count of CD5+, CD22+ and CD73+ B lymphocytes were not observed during pollen season in both groups of AD patients.
- MeSH
- Dermatitis, Atopic * drug therapy immunology MeSH
- B-Lymphocytes immunology MeSH
- Antigens, CD MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized * therapeutic use MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Pollen immunology MeSH
- Receptors, IgE MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Vydání první 239 stran ; 23 cm
Publikace se zaměřuje na sociálně podmíněný stres a úzkost u dospívajících dívek a na techniky jeho zvládání. Určeno odborné i široké veřejnosti.; Dnešní dospívající dívky čelí nezvladatelnému stresu, studijnímu tlaku, nárokům sociálních médií, vrstevníků i rodiny a obavám o svou budoucnost a duševní zdraví. Hluboká sonda do jejich duše od renomované psycholožky Lisy Damour je zaměřená na zvládání této míry stresu, tlaku na výkon a společenských požadavků, která vede k úzkostem u dívek více než u chlapců. Nabízí rodičům, pedagogům a odborníkům cenné nástroje, jak podpořit dívky v náročných obdobích jejich života od základní až po vysokou školu a pomoci jim vybudovat zdravý vztah k výkonům a osobnímu úspěchu. Přináší praktické rady a uklidňující přehled možností, jak stres omezit i jak může být tlak prospěšný, pokud jej správně přijmeme. S vědeckými podklady, praktickými radami a uklidňujícím tónem se stává neocenitelným průvodcem pro všechny, kdo se starají o pohodu mladých žen v dnešní hektické společnosti. Kniha byla přeložena do 20 jazyků a je vysoce ceněna odborníky i rodiči.
- MeSH
- Coping Skills MeSH
- Gender Role MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Stress, Psychological MeSH
- Sexism MeSH
- Sexual Harassment MeSH
- Anxiety * MeSH
- Women MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adolescent MeSH
- Publication type
- Monograph MeSH
- Popular Work MeSH
- Conspectus
- Psychologie
- NML Fields
- psychologie, klinická psychologie
- sociologie
Euglenids have long been studied due to their unique physiology and versatile metabolism, providing underpinnings for much of our understanding of photosynthesis and biochemistry, and a growing opportunity in biotechnology. Until recently there has been a lack of genetic studies due to their large and complex genomes, but recently new technologies have begun to unveil their genetic capabilities. Whilst much research has focused on the model organism Euglena gracilis, other members of the euglenids have now started to receive due attention. Currently only poor nuclear genome assemblies of E. gracilis and Rhabdomonas costata are available, but there are many more plastid genome sequences and an increasing number of transcriptomes. As more assemblies become available, there are great opportunities to understand the fundamental biology of these organisms and to exploit them for biotechnology.
Psycholog v zařízeních dlouhodobé péče zastává klíčovou roli v podpoře seniorů, spolupráci s personálem, komunikaci s rodinami a osvětě směrem k veřejnosti. Jeho práce zahrnuje individuální i skupinové intervence, přizpůsobené zdravotnímu stavu klientů, smyslovým deficitům a specifickým komunikačním potřebám. Důležitou součástí je i doprovázení seniorů v tématech umírání a bilancování života. Dalším aspektem psychologické práce je začlenění do multidisciplinárního týmu, kde poskytuje psychologický pohled na situaci klienta, pomáhá zlepšovat komunikaci mezi jednotlivými úseky péče a působí jako mediátor. Zároveň plní advokační roli, kdy hájí práva klientů a podporuje jejich důstojnost a autonomii. Přestože tato role má významný přínos, psychologové nejsou v českých domovech pro seniory systematicky zastoupeni. Článek proto zdůrazňuje potřebu systémové změny, vytvoření odborných standardů a větší integrace psychologické péče do zařízení dlouhodobé péče. Klíčovou roli v tomto procesu hraje vzdělávání psychologů a podpora výzkumu zaměřeného na duševní zdraví seniorů.
A psychologist in long-term care facilities plays a key role in supporting older adults, collaborating with staff, communicating with families, and raising public awareness. Their work includes individual and group interventions, adapted to the health status of residents, sensory deficits, and specific communication needs. An important aspect is also providing support in end-of-life discussions and life review. Another crucial function of the psychologist is integration into the multidisciplinary team, where they provide a psychological perspective on residents’ situations, facilitate communication between care departments, and act as mediators. Additionally, they fulfill an advocacy role, protecting residents’ rights and promoting dignity and autonomy. Despite the significant benefits of this role, psychologists are not systematically represented in Czech long-term care facilities. This article emphasizes the need for systemic change, the development of professional standards, and the greater integration of psychological care into long-term care settings. A key aspect of this process is the education of psychologists and the promotion of research focused on the mental health of older adults.
