Bacterial communities
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Vojenské zdravotnické listy, ISSN 0372-7025 roč. 71, suppl. 1, December 2002
43 s. : tab., grafy ; 30 cm
- MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny MeSH
- genom bakteriální MeSH
- infekční nemoci MeSH
- mezibuněčná komunikace MeSH
- mikrobiologie MeSH
- proteom MeSH
- vojenské lékařství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kongresy MeSH
- Konspekt
- Mikrobiologie
- NLK Obory
- mikrobiologie, lékařská mikrobiologie
- infekční lékařství
- biologie
The order and timing of species arrival during community assembly can have long term effects on community structure due to priority effects. The importance of such processes in complex bacterial communities where dispersal involves mixing of entire communities is currently not known. Here we used a transplant experiment with two bacterioplankton communities of different origin (freshwater and brackish). Sterile medium of each origin was initially inoculated with a bacterial community of different ('alien') origin, followed by dispersal of the respective 'home' community at different time points after initial inoculation. We found that the later the dispersal with the 'home' community occurred the smaller the effect on the final community composition. This suggests that priority effects by the initially inoculated community reduce the establishment success of taxa from the later arriving community and that this effect depends on dispersal timing.
- MeSH
- fyziologie bakterií * MeSH
- mikrobiologie vody * MeSH
- plankton fyziologie MeSH
- sladká voda mikrobiologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Mikroorganismy asociované s rostlinami mají široký aplikační potenciál například v oblasti bioremediačních technologií, zemědělství, či ve farmaceutickém průmyslu. Pro využití tohoto potenciálu a studium těchto mikroorganismů je však nezbytná jejich kultivace a izolace v čisté kultuře. Problémem ovšem zůstává velmi nízká kultivovatelnost rostlinné mikrobioty a je tedy nutné přistoupit k modifikacím standardních kultivačních technik. Pro zefektivnění kultivace je možno použít média založená na rostlinných extraktech, která by lépe simulovala přirozené životní podmínky pro rostlinnou mikrobiotu, či přídavky signálních molekul, které hrají roli v regulaci buněčného cyklu a v bakteriální komunikaci, do kultivačních médií. I přes vysoký aplikační potenciál rostlinné mikrobioty doposud existuje malé množství studií zaměřujících se na modifikaci stávajících kultivačních přístupu, a je tudíž relevantní se tímto tématem v budoucnu nadále více zabývat.
Plant -associated microorganisms have a wide application potential, for example, in bioremediation technologies, in agriculture, or in the pharmaceutical industry. However, to fully exploit this potential and to study these microorganisms, their cultivation and isolation in pure culture is essential. However, the very low cultivability of plant microbiota remains a problem and modifications of standard cultivation techniques are therefore necessary. To improve the efficiency of cultivation, media based on plant extracts could be used, since they can better simulate the natural living conditions of plant microbiota. Another approach for improving the cultivability could be the addition of signalling molecules, which play a role in cell cycle regulation and bacterial communication, into the cultivation media. Despite the high application potential of plant microbiota, there have been only a few studies focusing on the modification of existing culture approaches and thus, it is relevant to further address this topic in the future.
Předložené sdělení popisuje problematiku odolnosti baktérií k antimikrobním přípravkům, charakterizuje příčiny vzniku i šíření bakteriální rezistence a uvádí praktické příklady. Dále jsou definována základní východiska adekvátní antibiotické léčby u infekcí pacientů s hematoonkologickým onemocněním a na jejich základě jsou uvedeny konkrétní režimy antibioterapie na Hemato-onkologické klinice Fakultní nemocnice Olomouc.
In the presented text, resistance of bacteria to antimicrobial agents is described, causes leading to the development and spread of bacterial resistance are characterized and practical examples are shown. Additionally, the basic principles of adequate antibiotic treatment of infections in patients with hemato-oncological diseases are defined. Based on that, specific antibiotic therapy regimens at the Department of Hemato-Oncology of the University Hospital Olomouc are stated.
- Klíčová slova
- antibiotická léčba,
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- hematologické nádory farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti využití MeSH
- mnohočetná bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
- neutropenie farmakoterapie chemicky indukované mikrobiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Culturable bacterial communities on rice plants were investigated from 2001 to 2003. In total, 1,394 bacterial isolates were obtained from the uppermost leaf sheaths at 1 month before heading time and from leaf sheaths and panicles at heading time. The average culturable bacterial population on the leaf sheaths was larger at heading time than at 1 month previously. Furthermore, the population was significantly larger on panicles than on leaf sheaths, suggesting that the bacterial population is influenced by the organs of rice plants. Larger proportions of bacteria were obtained from the macerates of leaf sheaths after washing with phosphate buffer, and most culturable bacteria were verified to inhabit the inside or inner surface, rather than the outer surface, of the tissues. Verification of the bacterial composition based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that genera of Sphingomonas, Microbacterium, Methylobacterium, and Acidovorax tended to be dominant colonizers on leaf sheaths, whereas Pseudomonas and Pantoea were isolated mainly from the panicles, indicating that leaf sheaths and panicles harbor distinct communities. Furthermore, the richness of bacterial genera was less on both leaf sheaths and panicles at heading time compared with that observed 1 month before heading time. Phylogenetic analyses using bacterial isolates belonging to the four dominant genera inhabiting leaf sheaths at heading time revealed that particular bacterial groups in each genus colonized the leaf sheaths.
- MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace genetika růst a vývoj izolace a purifikace MeSH
- DNA bakterií genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- listy rostlin mikrobiologie MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- ribozomální DNA genetika MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- rýže (rod) mikrobiologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Japonsko MeSH
House dust mites (HDMs) and stored-product mites (SPMs) of various species inhabit human homes and stored agricultural products. These mites are carriers and hosts of microorganisms that enable their survival. The bacteriome from 13 species of SPMs and HDMs was analyzed and compared by 454 pyrosequencing of partial 16S rRNA gene amplicons. Altogether 128,052 sequences were obtained and assigned to 71 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at the 97% identity level. The number of sequences in the OTUs between species of mites ranged from 6 to 31 in the individual mite species. We did not find any significant effect of diet or evolutionary origin of mites or their interaction on the composition of the mite bacteriome. In mite species with low bacterial diversity, the bacterial communities were dominated by potential symbiotic or parasitic bacteria, i.e., Cardinium in Dermatophagoides farinae (Hughes, 1961) and Aeroglyphus robustus (Banks 1906) and the enteric bacteria Erwinia in Blomia tropicalis Van Bronswijk, de Cock & Oshima, 1974 and Xenorhabdus in Tyroborus lini (Oudemans, 1924). Among the bacterial species identified, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Kocuria, Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium, and Brachybacterium likely serve as food sources for the mites. The domestic acaridid mites carried high numbers of various bacteria that are potential threats to human health. These results contribute to the general understanding of the ecology of mite adaptation to human-made habitats.
Sarcodon aspratus (Berk.) S. Ito is a Japanese local dish with unique aroma and is effective against allergic diseases. However, its cultivation was still difficult. Recently, coexisting bacteria were regarded as an important factor for mycelium growth and fruiting body formation. Therefore, we performed 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing in the fruiting body of S. aspratus and its adhered soil to understand the bacterial communities in the fruiting body of S. aspratus. The fruiting body group showed lower alpha diversities and a significant difference in the structure of bacterial communities compared to the soil group. In addition, Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium had the highest relative abundance in the fruiting body group, and it was also a potential coexisting bacterium in the fruiting body of S. aspratus by linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis. This highest relative abundance phenomenon in Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium clade was also found in the fruiting body of Cantharellus cibarius. These findings suggested that Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium plays a key role in the bacterial communities in the fruiting body of S. aspratus. Bacteria in the fruit bodies of S. aspratus and C. cibarius probably present a similar coexistence model.
- MeSH
- Bacteria * klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- biodiverzita MeSH
- DNA bakterií genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze * MeSH
- mikrobiota MeSH
- plodnice hub * růst a vývoj MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S * genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
V předloženém sdělení je dokumentován negativní vývoj bakteriální rezistence v komunitní oblasti související se selekčním tlakem antimikrobních přípravků. Jsou formulovány podklady pro racionální antibiotickou léčbu v ambulanci praktického lékaře a současně i možnosti působení antibiotických středisek.
The negative development of community bacterial resistence in correlation with selective pressure of antibiotics is documented. Rational antibiotic therapy sources of community-acquired bacterial infections are presented and the role of antibiotic centers in antibiotic policy is discussed simultaneously.
