Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe intestinal condition primarily affecting preterm neonates. It has a high mortality rate, particularly in infants with a birthweight of below 1,500 g or for those requiring surgical intervention. The European Reference Network for Inherited and Congenital Anomalies (ERNICA) has developed a clinical practice guideline to aid clinical decision-making pertaining to the surgical treatment and management of NEC in preterm neonates. This guideline was developed in accordance with the Guidelines 2.0 checklist and GRADE methodology. A multidisciplinary group of Europe's top experts collaborated with patient representatives to develop this guideline. After selecting critical points in care for which recommendations are required, a systematic review of the literature and critical appraisal of the evidence was performed. The Evidence to Decision framework was used as a guide to structure the consensus meetings and draft the recommendations. The panel developed seven recommendations and three good practice statements on the following topics: indications for surgery, peritoneal drainage, surgical technique, management of extensive NEC, enteral feeding, and neurodevelopmental outcomes in premature neonates with NEC. The certainty of evidence was graded as (very) low for most recommendations. However, the panel weighed up the benefits and harms in light of all relevant arguments and expert opinion. This guideline provides recommendations on caring for premature neonates with NEC. These recommendations can assist clinicians in their care decisions and can inform families on treatment options and relevant considerations. This guideline will be revised every 5 years to ensure it remains up to date.

• MeSH
• enterální výživa MeSH
• klinické rozhodování MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• medicína založená na důkazech MeSH
• nekrotizující enterokolitida * chirurgie   diagnóza   MeSH
• novorozenec nedonošený MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aims to identify, catalogue, and characterize previously reported tools, techniques, methods, and processes that have been recommended or used by evidence synthesizers to detect fraudulent or erroneous data and mitigate its impact. INTRODUCTION: Decision-making for policy and practice should always be underpinned by the best available evidence-typically peer-reviewed scientific literature. Evidence synthesis literature should be collated and organized using the appropriate evidence synthesis methodology, best exemplified by the role systematic reviews play in evidence-based health care. However, with the rise of "predatory journals," fraudulent or erroneous data may be invading this literature, which may negatively affect evidence syntheses that use this data. This, in turn, may compromise decision-making processes. INCLUSION CRITERIA: This review will include peer-reviewed articles, commentaries, books, and editorials that describe at least 1 tool, technique, method, or process with the explicit purpose of identifying or mitigating the impact of fraudulent or erroneous data for any evidence synthesis, in any topic area. Manuals, handbooks, and guidance from major organizations, universities, and libraries will also be considered. METHODS: This review will be conducted using the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Databases and relevant organizational websites will be searched for eligible studies. Title and abstract, and, subsequently, full-text screening will be conducted in duplicate. Data from identified full texts will be extracted using a pre-determined checklist, while the findings will be summarized descriptively and presented in tables. REVIEW REGISTRATION: Open Science Framework https://osf.io/u8yrn.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• podvod prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• systematický přehled jako téma MeSH
• vědecký podvod * MeSH
• výzkumný projekt normy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Publikace obsahuje komentář k aktuálním českým zákonům, které se týkají ochrany práv dítěte. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.; Sociálně-právní ochrana dětí představuje veřejnoprávní zásah do nejsoukromější oblasti života občanů. Zákon o sociálně-právní ochraně dětí upravuje nejen nástroje, které orgány sociálně-právní ochrany dětí mohou při své činnosti využívat, aby předcházely vzniku ohrožení dětí a aby již ohroženým dětem poskytly potřebnou pomoc a ochranu. Mimo to zákon o sociálně-právní ochraně dětí upravuje činnost orgánů sociálně-právní ochrany dětí, zprostředkování osvojení a náhradní rodinné péče, sociální kuratelu, sociálně-právní ochranu v mezinárodním kontextu, dávky pěstounské péče a zaopatřovací příspěvek a činnost pověřených osob při poskytování sociálně-právní ochrany. Druhé vydání komentáře k zákonu o sociálně-právní ochraně dětí reflektuje zásadní novely přijaté v letech 2022 a 2024. Komentář se zaměřuje na výklad především praktických otázek, s nimiž se v praxi mohou setkávat orgány sociálně-právní ochrany dětí, rodiče i další pečující osoby, jejich právní zástupci i širší odborná veřejnost.

• MeSH
• ochrana práv dítěte zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• sociální péče o dítě zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• zákonodárství jako téma MeSH
• Publikační typ
• komentáře MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• Konspekt
• Pracovní, sociální, stavební právo. Právo životního prostředí
• NLK Obory
• lidská práva
• NLK Publikační typ
• zákony

Příručka, která se zaměřuje na současné české právo, které se týká licencování, nákupu a prodeje softwaru. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.; Publikace slouží jako komplexní průvodce softwarovými smlouvami pro právníky, IT manažery, obchodní manažery a odborníky z technologického sektoru. Text systematicky představuje osvědčené smluvní formulace vhodné jak pro objednatele, tak pro dodavatele softwaru, a současně upozorňuje na častá pochybení v praxi.

• Klíčová slova
• obchodní právo,
• MeSH
• autorské právo zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• licence zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• obchod zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• právní odpovědnost MeSH
• smlouvy zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• software ekonomika   zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• zákonodárství jako téma MeSH
• Publikační typ
• příručky MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• Konspekt
• Obchodní právo. Finanční právo. Právo průmyslového vlastnictví. Patentové právo. Autorské právo
• NLK Obory
• právo, zákonodárství
• ekonomie, ekonomika, ekonomika zdravotnictví
• knihovnictví, informační věda a muzeologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• kolektivní monografie

This article summarizes information contained in the book, Improving Speech Intelligibility in Adults: Clinical Application of Evidence-Based Strategies, authored by Connie Porcaro (Plural Publishing, Inc., 2023). For specific details on assessment and management of intelligibility as well as useful checklists and references, please refer to this book. Speech-language pathologists can have a significant impact on improving intelligibility in clients by teaching them strategies to provide useful information for communication partners. Speech-language pathologists should facilitate shared communication responsibilities by encouraging use of listener's strategies and for all involved in communication, to optimize the environment for optimum message sharing.

• MeSH
• dysartrie terapie   MeSH
• jazykové poruchy terapie   MeSH
• komunikace MeSH
• komunikační poruchy terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• naslouchací úsilí MeSH
• percepce řeči MeSH
• pochopení MeSH
• řečová terapie metody   MeSH
• srozumitelnost řeči * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate widespread dietary supplements (DSs) use among the military population. There is no recent study to comprehensively evaluate the prevalence of DS use among the military population. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to present an overview and estimate of the overall prevalence of DSs use among the military population. METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched up to September 2023 using relevant keywords. All original articles written in English evaluating the prevalence of DSs use among the military population were eligible for this study. The risk of bias assessment of the included studies was done using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist. The meta-analysis was performed utilizing a random-effects model and STATA software. RESULTS: In total, 32 cross-sectional studies were included in this review. The prevalence rate of DS use in the overall military population was 57% (95% CI: 49-64); this rate was higher in the studies that were carried out in the USA and the studies with a sample size lower than 10,000 members. Eleven studies reported adverse effects (AEs) following DSs use in the military population, the pooled effect size of them was 13.0% (95% CI: 6-20). The most common AEs reported by military personnel were abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea, however, they did not include any serious complications. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that the prevalence of DSs use among the military personnel was high. Moreover, some studies reported AEs following DSs use such as gastrointestinal symptoms. Promotion of knowledge and informed attitudes regarding the DSs use in the military population could be useful.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ozbrojené síly * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• potravní doplňky * statistika a číselné údaje   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

BACKGROUND: Person-centred care (PCC) is a fundamental principle in general practice, emphasising practices tailored to individual patient preferences, needs, and values. Despite the importance of PCC, general practitioners (GPs) face obstacles in effectively implementing it, with associated factors remaining unclear. OBJECTIVES: The PACE GP/FP study aims to explore GPs' attitudes towards PCC and the factors facilitating or hindering its implementation in daily practice across European countries. This paper outlines the PACE GP/FP study protocol. METHODS: The cross-sectional design with data collection via an online survey distribution to GPs in 24 European countries. Study instruments include two validated questionnaires (Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Patient Physician Orientation Scale (PPOS)) and additional items covering general information about the doctor and their practice, as well as facilitators and barriers to PCC. These additional items were specifically developed for the study, translated using the forward-backward method, evaluated through cognitive debriefing, and integrated into the REDCap platform to create language and country-specific survey links. The STROBE checklist guides the reporting of the manuscript. CONCLUSION: The PACE GP/FP study will provide a comprehensive exploration of GPs' attitudes towards PCC and the factors shaping its practice in Europe. The findings from the PACE GP/FP study will provide evidence for designing future implementation strategies and guide targeted interventions to promote PCC in primary care across Europe.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• péče orientovaná na pacienta * MeSH
• postoj zdravotnického personálu * MeSH
• praktické lékařství organizace a řízení   MeSH
• praktičtí lékaři * psychologie   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

PURPOSE: The heterogeneity of very old patients (age ≥ 80 years) and the prevalence of complex geriatric syndromes in this cohort constitute major challenges for the classical methods of evidence-based medicine to inform clinical practice. The lack of robust guidance for the management of critical conditions in these patients contributes to considerable uncertainty among practitioners and unwarranted variations of care. The European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) initiated a Delphi study to translate the empirical knowledge of experts in this field into consensus-based recommendations for clinical practice. METHODS: A multi-national group of specialists in intensive care, emergency, and geriatric medicine provided opinions on managing very old patients with critical conditions. Strong or moderate consensus was defined as having at least 90% or 80% of experts, respectively, expressing agreement or disagreement on the three highest or lowest levels of a 9-points Likert scale. RESULTS: Twenty-eight members of the expert steering group and 82 additional experts completed two Delphi rounds. After discussing the results, the steering group issued recommendations for 48 statements and 2 checklists for which consensus was achieved. In addition to determining fundamental principles, they include advice on goals of care and the decision-making about admission to and treatment of patients in intensive care and the management after discharge. CONCLUSION: A multi-disciplinary group of experts achieved consensus on recommendations concerning intensive care for very old patients, which were approved and endorsed by ESICM. The implementation requires a careful analysis of available healthcare resources and should proceed in a stepwise fashion.

• MeSH
• delfská metoda * MeSH
• geriatrie metody   normy   MeSH
• konsensus * MeSH
• kritický stav terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• medicína založená na důkazech normy   metody   MeSH
• péče o pacienty v kritickém stavu * normy   metody   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

Background/Objectives: Lumbar disk herniation (LDH) significantly affects quality of life due to lower back and radiating leg pain. Surgical intervention, such as discectomy, is effective for symptom relief when conservative measures fail; however, psychological factors like anxiety, depression, and maladaptive coping strategies may negatively impact surgical outcomes. This study aims to assess the role of preoperative psychological evaluations in predicting postoperative recovery and to identify key psychological and functional predictors of surgical success. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 888 patients undergoing microdiscectomy for LDH at Mater Olbia Hospital between December 2020 and December 2023. Preoperative evaluations included the Visual Analog Scale, Symptom Checklist 90-R, Oswestry Disability Index, and Short Form 36. Logistic regression models and ROC curve analysis were used to identify significant predictors of outcomes and evaluate model accuracy. Results: Preoperative pain levels and emotional well-being emerged as the strongest determinants of postoperative improvement in the Oswestry Disability Index. The predictive model demonstrated high specificity (90.2%) in identifying patients likely to benefit from surgery. Clinically significant improvements were achieved by 69% of patients, highlighting the importance of psychological and functional assessments. Conclusions: Preoperative psychological assessment is critical in predicting outcomes of lumbar disk herniation surgery. Addressing psychological factors preoperatively enhances recovery, supports personalized treatment planning, and improves patient education. These findings advocate for an integrated care model that considers both physical and psychological health, optimizing surgical outcomes and patient satisfaction.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a progressive disease characterized by disproportionate ventricular enlargement at brain imaging with gait disturbance and an increased risk of falling. Gait assessment is a key feature in the diagnosis of iNPH and characterization of post-surgical outcomes. RESEARCH QUESTION: How do gait parameters change 24 h after CSF tap test (CSFTT) and after ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery? METHODS: The PRISMA guidelines were used to perform the systematic review. We conducted a search of the following electronic databases: PubMed, Medline, Web of Science and EBSCO. We included studies focusing on gait changes occurring 24 h after a CSFTT or after ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery in patients with iNPH. All articles were assessed for methodological quality using an adapted version of The Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Papers checklist. RESULTS: Twenty-seven studies were included in the systematic review. Studies were highly heterogeneous due to lack of standardization of CSFTT or shunt surgery methodology, with varying amounts of CSF removed during the tap test (20-50 ml) and varying time of outcome assessment after shunt surgery. Dynamic equilibrium measurements are generally used to assess preoperative levels of cardinal symptoms and postoperative outcomes in iNPH. The most sensitive spatio-temporal parameter assessed 24 h after CSFTT was self-selected walking speed followed by stride length, which increased significantly. Cadence is hence not suitable to consider in the evaluation of effect of CSFTT and shunt surgery. Changes in balance-related gait parameters after CSFTT and shunt surgery are still a controversial area of research. CONCLUSION: Gait assessment is a key feature in the diagnosis of iNPH and characterization of post-surgical outcomes. Dynamic equilibrium measurements are generally used to assess preoperative levels of cardinal symptoms and postoperative outcomes in iNPH, but quantitative and standardized gait analysis procedures are missing. Changes in balance-related gait parameters after CSFTT might be useful in deciding whether to perform shunt surgery in iNPH patients who hope for improvement in gait ability. The dual-task paradigm after CSFTT could improve the clinical evaluation of higher level frontal gait disturbances in patients with suspected iNPH before shunting.

• MeSH
• chůze (způsob) * fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• normotenzní hydrocefalus * chirurgie   patofyziologie   mozkomíšní mok   diagnóza   MeSH
• shunty pro odvod mozkomíšního moku MeSH
• spinální punkce metody   MeSH
• ventrikuloperitoneální zkrat MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH