Cultural dimensions
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Text je úvodem do tzv. kulturní psychoterapie, která obohacuje teorii psychoterapeutické práce s klienty z odlišného kulturního zázemí o kulturní dimenzi. Seznamuje s vybranými faktory, jakými jsou sociokulturní zázemí klienta, proces akulturace, jazyk a neverbální komunikace, a také s tím, jakým způsobem tyto faktory vstupují do samotného psychoterapeutického procesu. Ke každé kapitole jsou na závěr uvedeny kazuistické zlomky, na kterých jsou jednotlivé faktory v procesu psychoterapie ilustrovány.
Cultural dimension in the process of psychotherapy Text is an introduction to cultural psychotherapy, which extends the psychotherapeutic work with clients from culturally different background with cultural dimension. It presents selected factors – sociocultural background of the client, process of acculturation, language and nonverbal communication – and deals how these affect the psychotherapeutic process. At the end of each chapter short case studies are enclosed, which illustrate how these factors influence the process of psychotherapy.
- MeSH
- duševní zdraví MeSH
- jazyk (prostředek komunikace) MeSH
- komunikace MeSH
- kultura MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metafyzické vztahy mezi duší a tělem MeSH
- psychoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- MeSH
- srovnání kultur MeSH
- terminologie jako téma MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Německo MeSH
Východiská: Na základe štúdia rôznych prameňov sa môžeme domnievať, že dejiny ľudstva, dejiny civilizácií a dejinná existencia športu sa historicky neprekrývajú. Počiatky civilizácie a počiatky športu v ľudskej existencii sú od seba značne vzdialené. Dejiny športu sú súčasťou vyšších štádií civilizačného rozvoja ľudstva. Cieľ: Cieľom nášho kvalitatívneho výskumu a komparatívneho uvažovania je hľadanie a zisťovanie súvislostí športu predovšetkým v kontextoch civilizačného (civilizovaného) a kultúrneho štádia ľudstva. Metodika: Podstatou metodológie tohto článku je kvalitatívny výskum. Aplikuje sa analýza textov a dokumentov, ktorá odhaľuje podstatu civilizácie a exploratorná štúdia, ktorá vymedzuje šport ako súčasť civilizácií. Výsledky: Vznik civilizácií a vznik športu sú relatívne samostatné historické procesy. Existencia športu je historicky spätá až s vyššími štádiami civilizačného rozvoja ľudstva. Typická charakteristika športu dedukovaná z teórie civilizácie hovorí o športe ako o kultúrnom spoločenskom fenoméne. Táto téza konkrétne znamená, že šport je civilizačný fenomén v dvoch aspektoch: (1) Jednotlivé športy vznikli na pôde určitej civilizácie v príslušnom historickom období ako určité prehistorické formy týchto športov. Historické športy nesú veľa podstatných znakov príslušnej civilizácie. (2) Športové disciplíny, ktorých etiketa a étos sa opiera o hodnoty fair play, slušnosť, spravodlivosť, rovnosť, priateľstvo, mierumilovnosť a asertivitu odmietajú „barbarstvo“ a brutálnosť napriek tomu, že akceptujú v plnej miere športovú agresivitu. Šport, to je predovšetkým kultúrne koordinovaný pohyb a preto prejavy „divošstva“ a „barbarstva“ vysvetľujeme ako tienisté výstrelky niektorých športov a ako predcivilizačný atavizmus pochádzajúci z hlbín evolúcie človeka. Závery: Súčasný šport chápeme ako kultúrny fenomén v dvoch rovinách. Prvá rovina predstavuje šport 19. až 21. storo- čia ako integrálnu súčasť všeobecnej ľudskej kultúry, ako všeobecný kultúrny artefakt. Vo väzbe na civilizácie sa v športe prejavujú všetky kompatibilné znaky dnes jestvujúcich civilizácií. Druhá rovina tohto nazerania na šport posúva do popredia jeho estetické aspekty, jeho obraznosť a zážitkovosť ako domény umenovedy a športovej estetiky. Problém vzťahu súčasných civilizácií a športu obsahuje aj aspekt športovej migrácie. Migrujúci športovci prinášajú do novej vlasti (a často aj do inej civilizácie) vynikajúce športové hodnoty a zväčša pragmaticky asimilujú s kultúrou nového domova a hľadajú si novú podobu civilizačnej identity. V historicky krátkom čase, v ktorom sa tento fenomén prejavil na športovej scéne, nemožno exaktne potvrdiť, či sa skutočne mení identita migrujúcich športovcov, ktorí opustili svoju vlastnú civilizáciu, alebo pôvodnú národnú kultúru. Problém športovej migrácie treba vidieť z hľadiska koexistencie dnešných civilizácií v intenciách tolerancie a multikulturalizmu. Na základe doterajších, desaťročia zhromažďovaných skúseností, sa dá predpokladať, že bude narastať ich genetická potreba zachovať si pôvodnú kultúrnu, civilizačnú a náboženskú identitu.
Background: By studying various sources, we can assume that the history of mankind, the history of civilizations and historical existence of sport are not historically overlapped. The origins of civilization and the beginnings of sports in human existence are far from each other. History of sport is part of the higher stages of civilization development of humankind. Objectives: The object and purpose of our qualitative research and comparative thinking is the search of context of sport especially in the context of civilization (civilized) and cultural stage of mankind. Methods: The essence of the methodology of this article is a qualitative research. It is applied analysis of the texts and documents, which discloses the essence of civilization and label exploratory trial, which defines sport as part of civilizations. Results: The emergence of civilizations and the emergence of sport are relatively two independent historical processes. The existence of sport is historically linked to the higher stages of civilization development of humankind. A typical characteristic of sport as deduced from the theory of civilization speaks of sport as a cultural and social phenomenon. This argument implies in particular the thesis that sport is a civilization phenomenon in two aspects: (1) Sports, or rather some of its discipline, originated on the base of particular civilization in its historical period as some prehistoric form of this discipline. It carries many essential symbols of this particular civilization. (2) Sports disciplines which etiquette and ethos are based on the values of fair play, decency, justice, equality, friendship, peacefulness and assertiveness refuse “barbarism” and ribaldry, despite the fact that they fully accept aggressiveness of sport. Sport is primarily a cultural coordinated movement. We explain manifestations of “savagery and barbarism” which are shadowy fads of certain sports disciplines as precivilization atavism coming from the depths of human evolution. Conclusions: We understand current sport as a cultural phenomenon in two dimensions. The first dimension is sport from 19th to 21st century, as an integral part of universal human culture, as a general cultural artefact. In connection with the civilization, there are all compatible features of today existing civilizations showed in sport. The second dimension of viewing the sport shifts to the forefront its aesthetic aspects, its imagery and ability to experience as domains of fine arts and sports aesthetics. The problem of current relationship between civilizations and sport also includes the sports aspect of migration. Migrating athletes bring to the new homeland (and often to another civilization) excellent sport values and they are largely pragmatically assimilated into the culture of a new home and are seeking a new form of identity. In a historically short period of time when this phenomenon appeared in the sports scene, it cannot be exactly confirmed that the identity of migrating athletes who left their own civilization or original national culture, is actually changing. The problem of sports migration has to be seen in terms of coexistence of civilizations along the lines of tolerance and multiculturalism today. However, on the basis of previous decades of accumulated experience, it is assumed that the generational need to preserve native culture, civilization and religious identity will increase.
- MeSH
- akulturace MeSH
- civilizace * dějiny MeSH
- kulturní charakteristiky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- sporty dějiny etika klasifikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Indian perspective of human nature and personality are often viewed through a trigunas perspective-Sattva, Rajas and Tamas. The current study investigated the triadic gunas and well-being dimensions across 3 nations India (n=493; 194 males and 299 females; mean age=21.73 years, SD=3.23), USA (n=302; 80 males and 222 females; mean age=22.90years, SD=2.78) and Czech Republic (n=353; 67 males and 286 females; mean age=22.29years, SD=2.29) with a total of 1148 participants. Triguna Personality (Vedic Personality inventory) and well- being dimensions measured by Mental Health Continuum- Short Form, Flourishing scale and the Scale of Positive and Negative Experiences (MHC-SF, FS and SPANE) differed across countries. Triguna were correlated with MHC-SF and its clusters, FS and SPANE. Regression analysis revealed that Trigunas accounted significantly for well-being dimensions, for instance, Sattva accounted for 48% variance in Czechs, 56% in Indians and 55% in Americans, Rajas accounted for 21% variance in Czechs, 08% in Indians and 54% in Americans and Tamas accounted for 50% variance in Czechs, 20% in Indians and 64% in Americans. The results reinforce that trigunas personality significantly predict well-being dimensions.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- osobní uspokojení * MeSH
- osobnost fyziologie MeSH
- srovnání kultur * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika etnologie MeSH
- Indie etnologie MeSH
- Spojené státy americké etnologie MeSH
BACKGROUND: Understanding population health trends and their key determinants is essential for planning health services and implementing effective interventions. One of these determinants may be national cultural characteristics that are related to various health outcomes and health-related behaviours. However, little is known about their potential association to overall burden of disease. Thus, this study examined whether cultural characteristics expressed by Hofstede indexes are associated with the burden of disease. METHODS: We used data from open-source databases - Hofstede's Cultural Index, the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) and the Human Development Index (HDI). The final sample comprised 69 countries covering all the continents. The burden of disease was measured using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years lived with disabilities (YLD), and years of life lost (YLL). National cultural characteristics were measured using Hofstede's dimensions. Bayesian correlation analyses were conducted to assess the relationships between cultural dimensions and health outcomes, stratified by countries' HDI levels. RESULTS: In countries with a very high HDI, there was strong evidence (Bayes Factor > 10) of a positive correlation of Power distance with the total disability-adjusted life years (r = 0.448) and years of life lost (r = 0.528), and Individualism (r = 0.667) and Indulgence (r = 0.494) with years lived with disabilities. In contrast, Long-term orientation negatively correlated of with years lived with disabilities (r = -0.527) and Indulgence with disability-adjusted life years (r = -0.437) and years of life lost (r = -0.537). Further, Power distance and Indulgence were correlated with the majority of the GBD indicators and Individualism with a few GBD indicators. In countries with a high and medium HDI, strong evidence of the associations was found in only a few cases. CONCLUSION: We found a correlation between national cultural characteristics and burden of disease. Policy-makers should consider integrating cultural factors into public health strategies to better align healthcare interventions with the local population's values and behaviours. Moreover, cross-cultural research and collaboration should increase to understand how cultural influences can be used to mitigate disease burdens and improve health outcomes globally. This study also opens a potentially new research area within population health research.
Although existing studies have acknowledged the impacts of Hofstede's cultural dimensions on the proactive behaviors of employees or innovations in various contexts, they have not examined the mediating role of proactive behavior between Hofstede's cultural dimensions and entrepreneurial innovativeness. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the mediating impact of proactive behavior between six of Hofstede's cultural dimensions and entrepreneurial innovativeness. Data were collected through standardized surveys from 150 retail entrepreneurs running businesses in China. SPSS and Wrap PLS SEM were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed a positive and significant impact of all six of Hofstede's cultural dimensions, including low power distance, low uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation, indulgence, collectivism, and masculinity, on proactive behavior among entrepreneurs. Additionally, the mediating influence of proactive behavior was positive and significant for all studied Hofstede cultural dimensions and entrepreneurial innovativeness among entrepreneurs. This study provides important implications for entrepreneurs by emphasizing the importance of proactive behaviors for entrepreneurial innovativeness. Consequently, this study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence regarding the mediating role of proactive behavior among cultural dimensions and entrepreneurial innovativeness. It suggests that entrepreneurs should exhibit proactive behaviors to implement various innovative practices within their firms.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kreativita * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- podnikání * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Čína MeSH
Background: Assessing the individual dimensions of patient safety culture by nurses is very crucial for the overall improvement of patient safety. This assessment provides the health organizations with a clear overview of areas requiring urgent attention. However, before the evaluation itself, it is necessary to define the stated dimensions. Aim: To define the individual dimensions of patient safety culture in relation to the nursing profession. Methods: The contribution has a design of a narrative literature review, the search was processed according to PRISMA recommendations and was conducted between February 2018 - June 2018 in the scientific databases PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, and EBSCO Discovery Service through stated keywords. There were 217 scientific studies, of which 30 were used to process this paper. Results: A total of 12 individual dimensions of the patient safety culture were defined by means of scientific studies in relation to nursing care. Conclusion: Before evaluating the patient safety culture it is necessary to understand its characteristics and to obtain a comprehensive overview of the dimensions that define it. Within our research, we defined these dimensions in relation to the nursing profession as they are responsible for ensuring safe care and represent the last line of defense against the emergence of potential threats. By gaining further knowledge about the patient safety culture, the quality of provided care can be further enhanced by them.
- MeSH
- bezpečnost pacientů * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ošetřovatelství MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Text uvádí do problematiky sociálních dimenzí sportu a sociologickým pohledem diskutuje základní relevantní problémy, teoretické přístupy a koncepty. Sport nahlíží jako specifický sociálně-kulturní fenomén, nabízí přehlednou orientaci na půdě konceptuálních diskusí týkajících se pojmu sport a připomíná jeho institucionálně organizační dimenze. Čtenáři se přibližují klíčové koncepce sociologického pohledu na sport. Funkcionalistická teorie tak nazírá sport jako integrální, specificky funkční součást společnosti, posilující dimenzi výkonu a konkurence. Teorie konfliktu naopak kriticky upozorňuje na negativní stránku zejména vrcholového sportu, poukazem na posilování sociálně ekonomických nerovností. Teorie symbolického interakcionalismu se zajímá především o dopady sportovní účasti na utváření norem, hodnot, postojů, tedy zejména na poli socializace. Kritická teorie jako celek rezignuje na možnost odhalení hybných pák vývoje společnosti tvrdíce, že pochopit fungování sportu znamená předně porozumět referenčnímu rámci daného kulturního kontextu. Sociologie si obecně stále naléhavěji klade otázky vztahující se k samotné podstatě sportu, míře jeho závislosti na společenských podmínkách, zabývá se jeho dopady na individuální a společenský život, zamýšlí se nad jeho specifickými socializačními účinky, provázaností se světem ekonomie, politiky a masové kultury. Konceptuálně sociologie nabízí řadu příspěvků týkajících se praktických projevů fungování sportu a jeho provázanosti s daným kulturním prostředím. Nachází tak funkční podobnosti s náboženstvím, rituály či masovou kulturou. Vycházíme z přesvědčení, že sport je primárně institucionalizovaná pohybová aktivita motivovaná zvýšením celkové kondice, osobním prožitkem či cíleným výsledkem nebo výkonem. Sport pak v různých kulturních kontextech nabývá rozličné formy a hodnotové významy, když odráží podstatné zdroje sociálního života a ilustruje časoprostorové proměny společnosti, jejíž je součástí.
The paper is intended to encourage students and readers in general to think more conversantly about sports and how they are related to contemporary society. Sociology is very helpful when it comes to study sports as social phenomena. Sociologicsl theory provides a framework, which can be used to help us understand sports as a social phenomena. Functionalist theory offers an explanation for the positive consequence associated with sport involvement in the lives of both athletes and spectators. The conflict theory identifies serious problems in sports and explains how and why players and spectators are oppressed and exploited for economic purposes. The interactionalis theory suggests that an understanding of sports requires the understanding the meanings, identities, and interactions associated with sport involvement. The critical theories suggest, that sports are concerned with social relations and culture in complex and diverse values and that sports change as power and resources shift and as there changes také place in social, political and economical relations in society. Sociological theory provides concepts, theoretical approaches, and research methods to describe and understand behaviour and social interactions as they occur in particular social and cultural contexts. It enables us to see properly conducting social groups and how it is connected with history, politics, economics, and cultural life. Sport is a part of cultural and social life and enable us to describe and understand social issues in given cultural, social and political context. We define sport as an institutional motoric activity requiring systematic physical exertion through desire to improve physical shape, specific personal experience or intended result, performance, victory and reward. Sports are social constructions, they change as ideas and relationships change in the course of time in society.
