Background/Objectives: Elevated body temperature is a well-established biomarker of infection, increased disease risk, and adverse health outcomes. However, the relationship between resting body temperature and long-term survival in older individuals is complex. Emerging evidence suggests that higher basal body temperature is associated with reduced survival and accelerated aging in non-obese older adults. This study aimed to compare body temperatures across different age groups in hospitalized older adults. Methods: Data were retrospectively collected from 367 physically healthy residents of a mental health center. Longitudinal data from 142 individuals (68 men and 74 women), aged 45 to 70 years and monitored continuously over 25 years, were compared with cross-sectional data from 225 individuals (113 men and 112 women) who underwent periodic clinical examinations with temperature measurements. The cross-sectional sample was stratified into four survival categories. Resting oral temperatures were measured under clinical conditions to ensure protocol consistency. Age-related changes in both sexes were evaluated using standard regression analysis, Student's t-tests, ANOVA, and Generalized Linear Models. Results: Longitudinal analysis revealed an increase in body temperature with age among women, while cross-sectional analysis showed that long-lived residents generally had lower body temperatures compared to their shorter-lived counterparts. Conclusions: These findings support the hypothesis that lower lifetime steady-state body temperature is associated with greater longevity in physically healthy older adults. However, further research is needed to determine whether the lower body temperature observed in long-lived individuals is linked to specific health advantages, such as enhanced immune function, absence of detrimental factors or diseases, or a reduced metabolic rate potentially influenced by caloric restriction.
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems currently in use are not designed for widely interoperable longitudinal health data. Therefore, EHR data cannot be properly shared, managed and analyzed. In this article, we propose two approaches to making EHR data more comprehensive and FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) and thus more useful for diagnosis and clinical research. Firstly, the data modeling based on the LinkML framework makes the data interoperability more realistic in diverse environments with various experts involved. We show the first results of how diverse health data can be integrated based on an easy-to-understand data model and without loss of available clinical knowledge. Secondly, decentralizing EHRs contributes to the higher availability of comprehensive and consistent EHR data. We propose a technology stack for decentralized EHRs and the reasons behind this proposal. Moreover, the two proposed approaches empower patients because their EHR data can become more available, understandable, and usable for them, and they can share their data according to their needs and preferences. Finally, we explore how the users of the proposed solution could be involved in the process of its validation and adoption.
- MeSH
- Data Management MeSH
- Electronic Health Records * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Semantic Web * MeSH
- Software MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to describe the data structure and harmonisation process, explore data quality and define characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of patients across six federated antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) registries. METHODS: Through creation of the vasculitis-specific Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable, VASCulitis ontology, we harmonised the registries and enabled semantic interoperability. We assessed data quality across the domains of uniqueness, consistency, completeness and correctness. Aggregated data were retrieved using the semantic query language SPARQL Protocol and Resource Description Framework Query Language (SPARQL) and outcome rates were assessed through random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 5282 cases of AAV were identified. Uniqueness and data-type consistency were 100% across all assessed variables. Completeness and correctness varied from 49%-100% to 60%-100%, respectively. There were 2754 (52.1%) cases classified as granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), 1580 (29.9%) as microscopic polyangiitis and 937 (17.7%) as eosinophilic GPA. The pattern of organ involvement included: lung in 3281 (65.1%), ear-nose-throat in 2860 (56.7%) and kidney in 2534 (50.2%). Intravenous cyclophosphamide was used as remission induction therapy in 982 (50.7%), rituximab in 505 (17.7%) and pulsed intravenous glucocorticoid use was highly variable (11%-91%). Overall mortality and incidence rates of end-stage kidney disease were 28.8 (95% CI 19.7 to 42.2) and 24.8 (95% CI 19.7 to 31.1) per 1000 patient-years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In the largest reported AAV cohort-study, we federated patient registries using semantic web technologies and highlighted concerns about data quality. The comparison of patient characteristics, treatment and outcomes was hampered by heterogeneous recruitment settings.
- MeSH
- Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis * drug therapy epidemiology complications MeSH
- Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis * drug therapy epidemiology complications MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Microscopic Polyangiitis * drug therapy epidemiology MeSH
- Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic MeSH
- Registries MeSH
- Data Accuracy MeSH
- Information Storage and Retrieval MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Meta-Analysis MeSH
BACKGROUND: Over the decades, several natural history studies on patients with primary (PPMS) or secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) were reported from international registries. In PPMS, a consistent heterogeneity on long-term disability trajectories was demonstrated. The aim of this study was to identify subgroups of patients with SPMS with similar longitudinal trajectories of disability over time. METHODS: All patients with MS collected within Big MS registries who received an SPMS diagnosis from physicians (cohort 1) or satisfied the Lorscheider criteria (cohort 2) were considered. Longitudinal Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores were modelled by a latent class growth analysis (LCGA), using a non-linear function of time from the first EDSS visit in the range 3-4. RESULTS: A total of 3613 patients with SPMS were included in the cohort 1. LCGA detected three different subgroups of patients with a mild (n=1297; 35.9%), a moderate (n=1936; 53.6%) and a severe (n=380; 10.5%) disability trajectory. Median time to EDSS 6 was 12.1, 5.0 and 1.7 years, for the three groups, respectively; the probability to reach EDSS 6 at 8 years was 14.4%, 78.4% and 98.3%, respectively. Similar results were found among 7613 patients satisfying the Lorscheider criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to previous interpretations, patients with SPMS progress at greatly different rates. Our identification of distinct trajectories can guide better patient selection in future phase 3 SPMS clinical trials. Additionally, distinct trajectories could reflect heterogeneous pathological mechanisms of progression.
Cíl práce: Zpracovat data z první vlny epidemie onemocnění covid-19 způsobeného novým koronavirem těžkého akutního respiračního syndromu typ 2 (SARS-CoV-2) na Klinice infekčních nemocí (KIN) 1. LF UK a ÚVN Praha. Analyzovat některé klinické, diagnostické i terapeutické aspekty onemocnění covid-19 v kontextu České republiky a porovnat je s údaji známými ze současné literatury. pacienti a metody: V retrospektivní studii byla analyzována data pacientů hospitalizovaných na KIN za období od 12. března do 5. května 2020. Celkem jde o 53 osob s covidem-19, 25 žen a 28 mužů s věkovým průměrem 57 let. Hodnotili jsme jejich klinické příznaky, průměrnou délku hospitalizace, komplikace a úmrtí. Dále jsme hodnotili věk a hmotnost pacientů, nikotinismus a komorbidity v anamnéze a vybrané laboratorní hodnoty. Tyto parametry jsme porovnávali u jednotlivých skupin podle tíže průběhu covidu-19. Konečně jsme hodnotili nálezy na zobrazovacích metodách, sérologické výsledky a terapii. Pro statistickou analýzu byl využit software SigmaStat. výsledky: Lehký průběh nemoci mělo 11 pacientů (20,8 %), středně těžký byl zaznamenán u 16 nemocných (30,2 %), těžký u 22 pacientů (41,5 %) a kritický průběh měli 4 nemocní (7,5 %). Z klinických příznaků byla u 88,5 % pacientů přítomna horečka, kašel u 84,6 % nemocných, dušnost uvádělo 77,4 % a průjem 23,1 % pacientů, bolest na hrudi popisovalo 17,3 % pacientů a anosmii 11,5 % nemocných. Průměrná délka hospitalizace byla 8 dní. Nejčastější komplikací byla bakteriální superinfekce, která se vyskytla u 17 pacientů ze souboru (32,1 %). Celková smrtnost covidu-19 byla v našem souboru 5,7 %. V hodnoceném souboru hospitalizovaných pacientů byl věkový průměr 57 let a skupina pacientů s těžkým průběhem měla vyšší průměrný věk než pacienti s lehčími průběhy onemocnění (p < 0,05). Z komorbidit dominovala hypertenze a diabetes mellitus. Analýza vstupních laboratorních hodnot ukázala signifikantní rozdíl mezi skupinami podle tíže průběhu covidu-19 v případě CRP, prokalcitoninu a d-dimerů, naproti tomu se skupiny nelišily vstupně v absolutním počtu lymfocytů. Vyšetření plic pomocí výpočetní tomografie s vysokým prostorovým rozlišením (HRCT) bylo provedeno u 22 pacientů, přičemž u 21 z nich byl charakteristický nález pro covid-19. MuLBSTA skóre pro stanovení závažnosti pneumonie při covidu-19 v našem souboru mělo průměrnou hodnotu 11,5 bodů a nesouviselo s tíží průběhu. Sérologické testy byly provedeny u 43 pacientů ze souboru, z toho u 29 (67,4 %) testovaných byly pozitivní při prvním odběru a u dalších 5 (11,6 %) pacientů při druhém testování. Experimentální terapie hydroxychlorochinem (HCQ) v monoterapii nebo v kombinaci s azitromycinem (AZI) byla nasazena u 24 (45,3 %) nemocných. U 2 pacientů léčených HCQ byl podáván i inosin pranobex (isoprinosin) z důvodu závažné lymfopenie, u 1 pacienta byla podána rekonvalescentní plazma, 6 pacientů bylo léčeno pouze AZI a 1 pacient dostával jen inosin pranobex. Celkem 37,7 % pacientů ze souboru bylo léčeno dalšími antibiotiky pro potvrzenou nebo pravděpodobnou bakteriální superinfekci. Pacientům byla poskytována standardní klinicko-farmaceutická léčba s důrazem na bezpečnost medikace podávané v režimu off-label; kvůli prodlouženému korigovanému QT intervalu (QTc) byl HCQ vysazen celkem u 3 pacientů. Závěry: V první vlně epidemie SARS-CoV-2 jsme v našem souboru zaznamenali komorbidity a rizikové faktory v souladu se zahraniční literaturou, ale průběhy byly převážně středně těžké až těžké s nízkým podílem kritických pacientů a letalitou. Dynamicky jsme v souladu s novými informacemi zaváděli do rutinního používání nové diagnostické i terapeutické postupy. Z našich zkušeností jsme na potenciální druhou vlnu epidemie SARS-CoV-2 velmi dobře připraveni stran diagnostiky, ale stále máme velmi omezené terapeutické možnosti.
Aims: To process data from the first wave of Covid-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) collected in the Infectious Diseases Clinic (IDC) of the First Faculty of Medicine and Central Military Hospital, Prague. To analyse some clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of Covid-19 in the context of the Czech Republic and to compare them with the data from the most recent literature. patients and methods: This retrospective study analysed data on patients admitted to the IDC between 12 March 2020 and 5 May 2020. The study cohort included 53 patients with Covid-19, 25 females and 28 males, with an average age of 57 years. The parameters weight, smoking habits, history of comorbidities, and selected laboratory results. These data were compared between groups of patients differing in severity of the course of Covid-19. Finally, imaging findings, serology results, and therapy outcomes were studied. Statistical analysis was performed using the SigmaStat software. Results: Eleven (20.8%) patients had a mild course of the disease, 16 (30.2%) patients had a moderate course, 22 (41.5%) patients had a severe course, and four (7.5%) patients had a critical course. The study patients presented with the following clinical symptoms: fever in 88.5% of cases, cough in 84.6% of cases, difficulty breathing in 77.4% of cases, diarrhoea in 23.1% of cases, chest pain in 17.3% of cases, and anosmia in 11.5% of cases. The average length of hospital stay was eight days. The most common complication was a bacterial superinfection, reported in 17 (32.1%) study patients. The overall case fatality rate for Covid-19 in our study was 5.7%. The average age of the study cohort was 57 years, and patients with a severe course of the disease were of older average age than those with a less severe course of the disease (p < 0.05). The predominant comorbidities were hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The analysis of the baseline laboratory data showed significant differences between the groups of patients differing in severity of the course of Covid-19 in CRP, procalcitonin, and d-dimers but not in lymphocyte count. High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan of the lungs was performed in 22 patients, and 21 of them had typical findings for Covid-19. The average MuLBSTA score for Covid-19 pneumonia severity in our study cohort was 11.5 points and was not associated with the severity of the course of the disease. Serology tests were performed in 43 study patients, with 29 (67.4%) of them turning out positive in the first test and other five (11.6%) testing positive when retested. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was given experimentally as monotherapy or in combination with azithromycin (AZI) to 24 (45.3%) patients. Two patients on HCQ therapy also received inosinum pranobexum (isoprinosine) for severe lymphopenia, one patient received convalescent plasma, six patients were given AZI alone, and one patient was treated with inosinum pranobexum alone. Altogether 37.7% of study patients were prescribed other antibiotics for confirmed or suspected bacterial superinfection. Standard clinical and pharmaceutical care was provided to patients with particular focus on the safety of off-label drug use. HCQ was with drawn in three patients due to a prolonged corrected QT interval (QTc). Conclusions: In the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, our study patients showed comorbidities and risk factors which are consistent with the international literature, but the course of the disease was mostly moderate to severe, with a low proportion of critically ill patients and fatal outcomes. As soon as new information became available, new diagnostic and therapeutic options were introduced into routine practice. Based on our experience, we are well prepared for a possible second wave of SARS-CoV-2 in terms of the diagnostics, but the therapeutic options still remain very limited.
The scoping review is one of the alternatives of producing a literature review. However, this approach still lacks a clearly accepted definition, and the scoping terminology is also somewhat fuzzy. Although the methodology of scoping review processing is relatively uniform, terminological chaos appears in the titles of studies with scoping review methodology. This paper presents an analysis of selected published studies with a focus on the content of their titles. A total of 13 thematic dimensions were identified covering the content of titles that show a degree of inconsistency and frequent terminological and methodological "chaos." This study includes a broad scope of themes and areas for which scoping reviews were produced. We would like to recommend to authors (especially scoping review beginners) to - if not necessary or desirable - avoid introducing new concepts and specifications of titles of produced and published scoping review studies. In the case of literature reviews and knowledge synthesis it is necessary to search according to specific keywords and search phrases - more fragmented scoping review terminology makes literature search more difficult or even impossible.
- MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Research Design standards trends MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Cieľ: Viacfaktorový dotazník pamäti slúži na subjektívne posúdenie pamäti z perspektívy prežívania, výskytu kognitívnych omylov a využitia pamäťových stratégií. Cieľom výskumu je poskytnúť normatívne údaje k tomuto dotazníku u ľudí vo vyššom veku (viac ako 65 rokov). Materiál a metóda: Výskumný súbor tvorilo 157 participantov, ktorým bol administrovaný Viacfaktorový dotazník pamäti. Zber dát bol realizovaný v rámci projektu NEUROPSY v rokoch 2017-2018 vo všetkých regiónoch Slovenskej republiky. V aktuálnom príspevku sú analyzované v súvislosti s Viacfaktorovým dotazníkom pamäti metódy Montrealský kognitívny test, Poviedka a Opakovanie čísel. Výsledky: Analýza vzťahov k demografickým premenným, ako vek, pohlavie a počet rokov vzdelania, nezistila silné vzťahy. Celkové skóre v subškále Stratégie slabo korelovalo s celkovým skóre v teste MoCA. Ostatné vzťahy k objektívnym mieram kognície neboli štatisticky významné. Všetky subškály vykazovali vysokú mieru vnútornej konzistencie. Súčasťou výsledkov sú normatívne údaje pre celý súbor. Záver: Výsledky preukázali, že slovenská verzia Viacfaktorového dotazníka pamäti vykazuje vysokú mieru vnútornej konzistencie vo všetkých subškálach a nevykazuje silné vzťahy k demografickým premenným ani objektívnym mieram pamäti. Normatívne údaje umožnia v praxi presne kvantifikovať subjektívnych sťažností na pamäť.
Objective: Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire enables subjective assessment of memory from the perspective of satisfaction with memory functioning, self-appraisal of memory abilities, and self-reported use of memory strategies. The aim of the current study is to provide normative data to the questionnaire for people in older age (more than 65 years). Method: The sample consisted of 157 participants, who completed the Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire. The data collection was carried out within the project NEUROPSY in 2017?2018 in all regions of Slovakia. In current paper relationship between Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire and objective measures of cognition Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Story recall, and Digit Span are being analysed. Results: Analysis of the relations to demographic variables as age, sex and years of education did not reveal strong relationship. Overall score in subscale Strategy weakly correlated with overall score in MoCA. Other relations to objective measures of cognition were not statistically significant. All the subscales appear to have high internal consistency. A part of results are normative data for overall sample. Conclusion: The results revealed that Slovak version of Multifactorial memory questionnaire has high level of internal consistency in all subscales and is not strongly related to any demographic variables, nor objective memory assessment. Normative data enable to quantify subjective memory complaints in praxis.
- MeSH
- Data Interpretation, Statistical MeSH
- Cognitive Aging psychology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Neurobehavioral Manifestations MeSH
- Neuropsychology MeSH
- Memory Disorders psychology MeSH
- Psychometrics methods statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Aged * psychology statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Memory and Learning Tests * statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Self Report statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Aged * psychology statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Publication type
- Evaluation Study MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Zámer. Cieľom štúdie bolo posúdenie psychometrických vlastností, validity a vnútornej konzistencie slovenskej verzie dotazníka PCI. Štúdia sa zaoberá a) skúmaním faktorovej štruktúry dotazníka PCI, b) skúmaním položkovej analýzy a vnútornej konzistencie škál PCI a c) diskriminačnou validitou. Súbor a procedúra. Súbor tvorili dospelí zamestnaní participanti (n = 540) so zastúpením všetkých krajov na Slovensku, z toho 22 % mužov a 78 % žien. Vekové rozloženie bolo v rozpätí od 20 do 60 rokov, s priemerným vekom 38,62 (SD = 10,78). Štatistická analýza. Modely boli hodnotené pomocou konfirmačnej faktorovej analýzy, metódou Maximum likelihood (ML), indexami zhody: χ2 test, χ2/df, RMSEA, 90% CI pre RMSEA, CFI, GFI, a informačnými kritériami AIC, BIC. Položková analýza bola realizovaná deskriptívnymi charakteristikami a koeficientom popularity položiek p. Vnútorná konzistencia bola hodnotená Cronbachovým koeficientom α, koeficientom ω, korelácie Pearsonovým koeficientom súčinovej korelácie. Výsledky. Sedemfaktorový a trojfaktorový model dotazníka ani jednofaktorové modely škál dotazníka nevykazujú dobrú zhodu s dátami. Modifikované jednofaktorové modely vykazujú dobrú zhodu s dátami. Vnútorná konzistencia škál je vo všetkých prípadoch nízka α = ω = ,55–,78. Položková analýza identifikovala problematické položky. Škály dotazníka navzájom korelujú. Výsledky otvárajú otázku, či ide o problém ovplyvnený viac prekladom, alebo súvisí s konštrukciou pôvodnej škály. V aktuálnej podobe v slovenských pomeroch dotazník PCI nedosahuje požadované psychometrické vlastnosti a sú potrebné jeho ďalšie modifikácie. Je potrebné vylepšiť zhodu viacfaktorových modelov s dátami a výrazne zlepšiť vnútornú konzistenciu dotazníka. Obmedzenia štúdie. Výberový súbor nie je reprezentatívny, vzhľadom na nepravdepodobnostný typ výberu a prevahu žien. Obmedzením je tiež exploračný charakter analýz modifikovaných modelov dotazníka PCI.
Objectives. The aim of the study was to assess psychometric properties, validity and internal consistency of the Slovak version of the Proactive Coping Inventory (PCI). The article deals with: a) factorial structure of the PCI, b) item analysis and internal consistency of its scales, c) discriminant validity. Subjects and settings. The sample consisted of employed adult people from all main regions in Slovakia, 22% were men and 78% women. Their age ranged from 20 to 60 years, with mean age 38.62 (SD=10.78). Statistical analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the models, Maximum Likelihood (ML) method, the goodness of fit indexes: χ2 test, χ2/df, RMSEA, 90% CI for RMSEA, CFI, GFI, and information criteria AIC, BIC. Item analysis was conducted by descriptive characteristics and popularity index p. Internal consistency was assessed by coefficients α and ω, statistical relationships were tested using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results. None of the presented models (seven, three and one factor models) fits the data well. Modified one-factor models fit the data well. Internal consistency is low in all scales (α=ω=.55-.78). Item analysis identified several problematic items. There are significant relationships between the PCI scales. The results open the space for discussion, whether the problem is affected mainly by translation or if it corresponds with the original scale construction. The current studied Slovak version of the PCI does not meet required psychometric properties and several further modifications are needed: to improve the fit of multifactor models of the PCI and significantly increase the internal consistency of the PCI. Study limitations. The sample is not representative due to nonprobabilistic sampling method and higher percentage of women. The exploratory character of the PCI models modifications is also considered as a study limit.
- MeSH
- Adaptation, Psychological MeSH
- Factor Analysis, Statistical MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Personality Inventory * MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Psychometrics MeSH
- Sense of Coherence classification MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Slovakia MeSH
Cíle. Cílem studie bylo ověřit psychometrické vlastnosti české verze Škály prožívané naděje(Perceived Hope Scale, PHS). Soubor a procedura. Škálu spolu s dalšími metodami měřícími několik souvisejících konstruktů vyplnily tři soubory respondentů ve věku od 18 do 80 let. Celkově bylo do výzkumu zahrnuto 2396 respondentů. Statistické analýzy. Pro ověření vnitřní konzistence byly použity koeficienty reliability Cronbachovo alfa a McDonaldovo omega. Faktorová struktura škály a její diskriminační validita byly ověřovány pomocí konfirmační faktorové analýzy. Výsledky. Škála PHS vykazovala adekvátní reliabilitu a konstruktovou, konvergentní a diskriminační validitu. Faktorové náboje všech položek škály PHS u hlavního faktoru byly vyšší než 0,70. Celkový skór PHS významně negativně koreloval s intenzitou depresivních a úzkostných příznaků měřených dotazníkem PHQ-4 (r = -0,55). Silný vztah byl nalezen především mezi skórem PHS a mírou optimismu měřeného dotazníkem LOT-R (r = 0,72). Česká verze Škály prožívané naděje tedy vykázala adekvátní psychometrické vlastnosti a lze ji doporučit pro další využití ve výzkumech na dospělé populaci. Omezení studie. Hlavním omezením studie byla skutečnost, že se výzkumné soubory skládaly převážně z účastníků ženského pohlaví a osob s vyšší úrovní vzdělání. Nezaměstnaní, rozvedení a ovdovělí jedinci a osoby starší 50 let nebyli dostatečně zastoupeni.
Objectives. The study focuses on psychometric properties of the Czech version of The Perceived Hope Scale (PHS). Subjects and settings. The scale, along with measures of several related constructs was completed by three samples of respondents aged between 18 and 80 years. A total of 2,396 respondents participated in the research. Statistical analysis. Cronbach's alpha and Mc- Donald's omega reliability coefficients were used for reliability estimation. The factor structure of the scale and its discriminant validity were tested through confirmatory factor analysis. Convergent validity of PHS with other measures was assessed using correlation analysis. Results. The PHS scale showed adequate reliability and construct, convergent and discriminatory validity. Loadings of PHS items on the main factor were all above .70. The PHS total score significantly negatively correlated with the intensity of symptoms of anxiety and depression measured by PHQ-4 (r = -.55). A strong association was found especially between the PHS score and optimism measured by LOTR (Pearson r = .72). The Czech version of the Perceived Hope Scale thus showed adequate psychometric properties and can be recommended for further use in the adult population. Limitations. A major limitation of the study is that samples consisted of predominantly female participants and those with a higher level of education. Unemployed, divorced and widowed individuals or individuals older than 50 years were not sufficiently represented.
