• MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Ecological Momentary Assessment * MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Psychometrics MeSH
• Data Collection methods   instrumentation   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Existuje čoraz viac dôkazov o zachytávaní každodenných zážitkov človeka v podobe intenzívnych longitudinálnych údajov získaných prostredníctvom denných zápiskov alebo metódy Experience sampling. Tieto údaje ponúkajú širokú škálu informácií o dynamike duševných procesov a správania, ich vývoja v čase a v rámci špecifických situácií. Cieľom tohto príspevku je predstaviť metódu zachytávania každodenných zážitkov (Experience Sampling Method – ESM) v kontexte výskumu duševného zdravia a prostredníctvom vybraných príkladov opísať možnosti, ako tieto údaje využiť v rámci nomotetického a idiografického prístupu a robenia záverov. Tento príspevok nie je vyčerpávajúcim opisom témy ESM, ale skôr stručným prehľadom čoraz viac využívanej metódy zachytávania každodenných zážitkov týkajúcich sa psychopatológie, jej limitov a perspektívy do budúcna.

There is growing evidence of capturing human experience in daily life using intensive longitudinal data obtained via daily diaries or experience sampling. These data offer a wide range of information regarding the dynamics of mental processes and behavior and how they unfold within individuals over time and within specific situations. The aim of this paper is to present the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) in the context of mental health research and through selective examples explain the possibilities of how to use data for nomothetic and idiographic inferences and conclusions. This paper is not an exhaustive description of the ESM topic, but rather a brief overview of the emerging methods for capturing daily experience regarding psychopathology, its limitations and future perspective.

Cíl: Cílem retrospektivní studie bylo sumarizovat a zhodnotit výsledky pacientů s podezřením na infekci rodem Chlamydia vyšetřených pomocí „in house“ metody nested PCR (polymerázová řetězová reakce). Studie pracuje s daty získanými vyšetřením pacientů v letech 2001-2003 z regionu východních Čech na Oddělení molekulární biologie společného pracoviště Ústavu klinické mikrobiologie (ÚKM) a Ústavu klinické biochemie a diagnostiky (ÚKBD). Materiál a metodika: V roce 2001 bylo provedeno 291 vyšetření, v roce 2002 to bylo již 562 a v roce 2003 dokonce 760 vyšetření. Celkem bylo za toto období přijato 1 613 vzorků k vyšetření, z nichž jich bylo 1 587 vyšetřeno (26 nepoužitelných vzorků). Více jak 70 % všech vyšetření se provádělo ze tří druhů materiálu: moči (41,8 % všech vyšetřených vzorků), BALu (bronchoalveolární laváž; 15,3 % všech vyšetřených vzorků) a plné krve (14,9 % všech vyšetřených vzorků). Vyšetření bylo provedeno pomocí „in house“ metody nested PCR využívající primery z oblasti MOMP (ompA) genu Chlamydia spp. Výsledky: Celková pozitivita činila 5,67 %, 1,26 % vzorků bylo vyhodnoceno jako nejasný výsledek a 93,07 % vyšetřovaných vzorků bylo negativních. U mužů byla zachycena PCR pozitivita u 6,11 % a u žen toto číslo činilo 5,35 %. Nejvíce pozitivních vzorků pocházelo z věkových skupin 70-791etých (11,67 %), 10-191etých (6,51 %) a 40-491etých (6,45 %). Celková pozitivita u stěrů z urogenitálního systému byla 6,48 %, z moči 3,92 %, BALu 10,70 % a plné krve 5,51 %.

Purpose of the study. The study was intended to summarize and evaluate the results in patients with a suspected infection by the genus Chiamydia, investigated with an „in-house" method of nested PCR (polymerase chain reaction). The study worked with data from patients living in eastern Bohemia, who were examined in the years 2001-2003 at the Dept. of Molecular Biology a research laboratory shared by the Institute of Clinical Microbiology and the Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics. Material and methods: 291 explorations were done in 2001, in 2002 already 562 and in 2003 their figure reached 760. The total number of samples received for investigation during that period was I 613. 1 587 were actually investigated, 26 were unsuitable and could not be used. More than 70 % of all investigations were done with three types of material: urine (41.8 % of all the investigated samples), BAL (15.3 % of all the investigated samples) and whole blood (14.9 % of all the investigated samples). The investigations were carried out with the „in-house" nested PCR method, which uses primers from the MOMP(ompA) area of the genus Chlamydia spp. Results: Total positivity was 5.67 %, in 1.26 % of the samples the resulted was considered uncertain and 93.07 % of the investigated sampies were negative. In men PCR positivity was 6.11 %, in women 5.35 %. The major proportion of positive samples was from the age groups 70-79 years (11.67 %), 10-19 years (6.51 %) and 40-49 years (6.45 %). Overall positivity in smears from the urogenital system was 6.48 %, from urine 3.92 %, from BAL 10.70 % and from whole blood 5.51 %.

• MeSH
• Molecular Diagnostic Techniques methods   MeSH
• Outcome Assessment, Health Care MeSH
• Chlamydiaceae Infections diagnosis   pathology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Molecular Biology methods   MeSH
• Sex Characteristics MeSH
• Polymerase Chain Reaction MeSH
• Population Characteristics MeSH
• Retrospective Studies MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH

Štúdia poskytuje prehľad poznatkov z oblasti naturalistického rozhodovania, konkrétne o modeli rozhodovania založenom na rozpoznaní, o jeho základných charakteristikách a širších súvislostiach. Tento model opisuje, ako skúsení rozhodovatelia dokážu rýchlo zhodnotiť situáciu a zvoliť uspokojivý postup krokov. Jeho prvotná verzia má pôvod vo výskume rozhodovania požiarnych veliteľov v reálnych situáciách a v súčasnosti má tri variácie (jednoduchá zhoda, diagnóza situácie, hodnotenie postupu krokov), ktoré opisujú aplikáciu typických možností. Hoci je rozoberaný najmä vo vzťahu ku makrokognícii a mikrokognícii, predpokladané emócie relevantné k úlohe v ňom môžu byť funkčné. Ďalej sa článok zameriava na kľúčový predpoklad modelu – skúsenosti reprezentované vo forme mentálnych modelov uložených v pamäti. Pretože nováčikovia majú malé množstvo skúseností, nepoužívajú rozpoznávaciu stratégiu rozhodovania tak často. Skúsení rozhodovatelia ju používajú najmä v rutinných situáciách, ale aj v nerutinných situáciách pod časovým tlakom. Prezentované sú tiež výskumné štúdie, ktoré poskytujú empirickú podporu modelu, a mnohé jeho rozšírenia a výpočtové implementácie, ktoré poskytujú návrhy pre systémy podpory rozhodovania a tréningové programy. Z limitov sumarizovaných v závere vyplýva, že model nepopisuje univerzálnu stratégiu rozhodovania a nevenuje sa niektorým kognitívnym aspektom rozhodovania.

The study provides an overview of the findings from the naturalistic decision making field, specifically about the recognition-primed decision model, its main characteristics and broader context. This model describes how experienced decision makers can quickly make situation assessment and select satisficing course of action. Its initial version originated in the research of decision making of fire ground commanders in real world situations and in the present it has three variations (simple match, diagnose the situation, evaluate course of action), which describe the application of typical options. Although it is discussed mainly in the relation to macrocognition and microcognition, assumed task-relevant emotions may function in it. Furthermore, the paper focuses on the key assumption of the model – experience represented in the form of mental models stored in the memory. Because novices have little experience, they do not use the recognitional decision strategy so often. Experienced decision makers use it especially in routine situations, but also in nonroutine situations under time pressure. Research studies providing empirical support for the model and many of its extensions and computational implementations providing suggestions for decision support systems and training programs are also presented here. The limits summarized in the conclusion show that the model does not describe universal decision strategy and it does not address some cognitive aspects of decision making.

• Keywords
• naturalistické rozhodování, zkušenosti,
• MeSH
• Cognition MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Ecological Momentary Assessment MeSH
• Decision Making MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

• MeSH
• Schizophrenia therapy   MeSH

• Conspectus
• Psychiatrie
• NML Fields
• psychiatrie

Úvod: Pokračujúca liečba závislosti od alkoholu je významnou súčasťou procesu uzdravovania sa zo závislosti od alkoholu, avšak pacienti sa k nej z viacerých príčin často nedostávajú. Ekologické momentálne intervencie nám však ponúkajú nové možnosti, ktoré môžu pomôcť v prekonaní týchto prekážok. Ciele: Cieľmi tohto výskumu bolo zistiť prijateľnosť a užitočnosť ekologickej momentálnej intervencie sprostredkovanej mobilnou aplikáciou u ľudí uzdravujúcich sa zo závislosti od alkoholu. Ďalej zhodnotiť používanie aplikácie v každodennom živote a jej prínos v prevencii relapsu. Metódy: Výskum pozostával z 3 hlavných častí: z fokusovej skupiny, používania aplikácie a z pološtruktúrovaného individuálneho rozhovoru. Štúdie sa zúčastnilo celkovo deväť ľudí so závislosťou od alkoholu, ktorí používali aplikáciu štyri týždne, počas ktorých im aplikácia zasielala notifikácie obsahujúce otázky na aktuálne prežívanie. Po prekročení dohodnutej hranice skóre im aplikácia ponúkla automatizovanú momentálnu intervenciu. Výsledky a závery: Výsledky štúdie naznačujú nejednoznačnú prijateľnosť a užitočnosť aplikácie v každodennom živote u ľudí uzdravujúcich sa závislosti od alkoholu. Limity štúdie sú diskutované.

Continuing treatment of alcohol use disorder plays an important role in the recovery process. However, for several reasons, patients do not often have access to it. Ecological momentary interventions offer new possibilities that can help overcome these obstacles. Aims: The aims of the research were to determine the acceptability and usefulness of an ecological momentary intervention mediated through a mobile application in people recovering from alcohol use disorder. Moreover, to assess the mobile application in everyday life and its contribution in the relapse prevention. Methods: The research consisted of 3 main parts: a focus group, using the application, and semi-structured individual interview. The study involved nine participants in total, who were using the application for four weeks, during which had sent them notifications containing questions about their current state. After exceeding the agreed score limit, the application offered them an automated momentary intervention. Results and conclusions: The results indicate ambiguous acceptability and usefulness of the application in everyday life for people recovering from alcohol use disorder. Limitations of the study are discussed.

• MeSH
• Patient Compliance MeSH
• Alcoholism prevention & control   psychology   therapy   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Mobile Applications MeSH
• Ecological Momentary Assessment * MeSH
• Alcohol-Related Disorders MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Clinical Study MeSH

BACKGROUND: To design effective tailored interventions to promote physical activity (PA) among older adults, insights are needed into the contexts in which older adults engage in PA and their affective and physical experiences. Sensor-triggered event-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is an innovative method for capturing real-life contexts, as well as affective and physical states, during or immediately after specific events, such as PA. This study aimed to (1) describe the physical and social contexts, and the affective and physical states during PA among older adults, (2) evaluate how these constructs fluctuate during PA episodes, and (3) describe affective states during PA according to the context. METHODS: An intensive longitudinal sensor-triggered event-based EMA study was conducted with 92 Belgian older adults (65 + years). During seven days, participants were monitored using a Fitbit, which triggered a smartphone-based questionnaire on the event-based EMA platform 'HealthReact' after a five-minute walk. Participants reported on contexts and affective (positive/negative valence) and physical states (pain and fatigue) during the PA event. Descriptive statistics and generalized mixed models were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Older adults predominantly engaged in daily physical activities, such as walking for transport, leisure walking, and gardening, rather than structured exercise. They consistently reported high positive affect, low negative affect, and minimal physical complaints during PA. Furthermore, older adults mainly engage in physical activities alone, particularly in outdoor settings. Variations in contexts, affect, and fatigue were mostly driven by within-subject differences. The model showed significant differences across times of day, with negative affect being highest in the evening and fatigue lowest in the morning. Additionally, the physical and social context influenced negative affect (but not positive affect), with outdoor activities performed alone and indoor activities performed with others being associated with lower negative affect. CONCLUSIONS: While these findings could enhance the effectiveness of tailored PA interventions, it remains unclear whether the observed affective and physical states are causes or effects of PA, and whether the contexts in which the activities were performed align with older adults' preferences. Further research is needed to explore these relationships and to better understand older adults' preferred PA contexts.

• MeSH
• Affect * MeSH
• Walking MeSH
• Smartphone MeSH
• Exercise * psychology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Longitudinal Studies MeSH
• Ecological Momentary Assessment * MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Fatigue MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Belgium MeSH

In this article, we present an enhanced sampling method based on a hybrid Hamiltonian which combines experimental distance restraints with a bias dependent from multiple path-dependent variables. This simulation method determines the bias-coordinates on the fly and does not require a priori knowledge about reaction coordinates. The hybrid Hamiltonian accelerates the sampling of proteins, and, combined with experimental distance information, the technique considers the restraints adaptively and in dependency of the system's intrinsic dynamics. We validate the methodology on the dipole relaxation of two water models and the conformational landscape of dialanine. Using experimental NMR-restraint data, we explore the folding landscape of the TrpCage mini-protein and in a second example apply distance restraints from chemical crosslinking/mass spectrometry experiments for the sampling of the conformation space of the Killer Cell Lectin-like Receptor Subfamily B Member 1A (NKR-P1A). The new methodology has the potential to adaptively introduce experimental restraints without affecting the conformational space of the system along an ergodic trajectory. Since only a limited number of input- and no-order parameters are required for the setup of the simulation, the method is broadly applicable and has the potential to be combined with coarse-graining methods.

• MeSH
• Time Factors MeSH
• Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy MeSH
• Peptides chemistry   MeSH
• Molecular Dynamics Simulation * MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

• MeSH
• Health Care Economics and Organizations MeSH
• Medical Informatics MeSH
• Health Care Surveys MeSH
• Health Care Reform MeSH
• Quality Assurance, Health Care MeSH
• Publication type
• Congress MeSH

• Conspectus
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NML Fields
• veřejné zdravotnictví

This work presents the results of an international interlaboratory comparison on ex situ passive sampling in sediments. The main objectives were to map the state of the science in passively sampling sediments, identify sources of variability, provide recommendations and practical guidance for standardized passive sampling, and advance the use of passive sampling in regulatory decision making by increasing confidence in the use of the technique. The study was performed by a consortium of 11 laboratories and included experiments with 14 passive sampling formats on 3 sediments for 25 target chemicals (PAHs and PCBs). The resulting overall interlaboratory variability was large (a factor of ∼10), but standardization of methods halved this variability. The remaining variability was primarily due to factors not related to passive sampling itself, i.e., sediment heterogeneity and analytical chemistry. Excluding the latter source of variability, by performing all analyses in one laboratory, showed that passive sampling results can have a high precision and a very low intermethod variability (

• MeSH
• Water Pollutants, Chemical * MeSH
• Geologic Sediments * MeSH
• Risk Assessment MeSH
• Environmental Monitoring MeSH
• Organic Chemicals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH