FANCD1 Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
Fanconi anemia (FA) is an inherited condition characterized by impaired DNA repair, physical anomalies, bone marrow failure, and increased incidence of malignancy. Gene editing holds great potential to precisely correct the underlying genetic cause such that gene expression remains under the endogenous control mechanisms. This has been accomplished to date only in transformed cells or their reprogrammed induced pluripotent stem cell counterparts; however, it has not yet been reported in primary patient cells. Here we show the ability to correct a mutation in Fanconi anemia D1 (FANCD1) primary patient fibroblasts. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system was employed to target and correct aFANCD1gene deletion. Homologous recombination using an oligonucleotide donor was achieved and a pure population of modified cells was obtained by using inhibitors of poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase (poly ADP-ribose polymerase).FANCD1function was restored and we did not observe any promiscuous cutting of the CRISPR/Cas9 at off target sites. This consideration is crucial in the context of the pre-malignant FA phenotype. Altogether we show the ability to correct a patient mutation in primaryFANCD1cells in a precise manner. These proof of principle studies support expanded application of gene editing for FA.
- MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- CRISPR-Cas systémy * MeSH
- delece genu MeSH
- editace genu metody MeSH
- Fanconiho anemie genetika metabolismus terapie MeSH
- fibroblasty metabolismus MeSH
- genetická terapie metody MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- protein BRCA2 genetika metabolismus MeSH
- sekvence CRISPR MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Fanconi anemia, complementation group D1 with bi-allelic FANCD1 (BRCA2) mutations, is a very rare genetic disorder characterized by early onset of childhood malignancies, including acute leukemia, brain cancer and nephroblastoma. Here, we present a case report of a family with 3 affected children in terms of treatment outcome, toxicity and characterization of the malignancies using comprehensive cytogenetic analysis. The first child was diagnosed with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia when he was 11 months old. During chemotherapy, he suffered from repeated pancytopenia, sepsis and severe vincristine polyneuropathy, and 18 months after primary diagnosis, he succumbed to secondary acute monocytic leukemia. The second child was diagnosed with stage 2 triphasic nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor), when he was 3 years and 11 months old. During chemotherapy, he suffered from vincristine polyneuropathy. Currently, he is in complete remission, 29 months following the initial diagnosis. The third child was diagnosed with medulloblastoma with classical histology, when she was 4 years and 5 months old. After the first cycle of chemotherapy, she suffered from prolonged pancytopenia, sepsis and severe skin and mucosal toxicity. Six weeks after primary diagnosis, a first relapse in the posterior fossa was diagnosed, and at 7 and half months after primary diagnosis, a second relapse was diagnosed that led to the patient's death. Our case report underscores tumor heterogeneity, treatment toxicity and poor outcome in Fanconi anemia patients of complementation group D1.
- MeSH
- Fanconiho anemie diagnóza farmakoterapie genetika MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- hybridizace in situ fluorescenční MeSH
- imunofenotypizace MeSH
- jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- protein BRCA2 genetika MeSH
- protokoly protinádorové kombinované chemoterapie terapeutické užití MeSH
- rodina MeSH
- ztráta heterozygozity MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Fanconiho anémie je vzácné autozomálně recesivně dědičné onemocnění, klinicky a geneticky heterogenní, charakterizováno typickými klinickými projevy: malý vzrůst, mikrocefalie, skeletální anomálie, abnormální kožní pigmentace, opoždění vývoje, vrozené srdeční vady, vrozené vady ledvin a jiné. V první dekádě života se manifestuje pancytopenií, která vede k selhání kostní dřeně. Pacienti s Fanconiho anémií mají zvýšené riziko hematologických malignit a solidních tumorů. Diagnóza Fanconiho anémie je založena na cytogenetickém vyšetření, které prokazuje zvýšený výskyt spontánních chromozomálních aberací, jejichž počet stoupá po působení diepoxybutanu nebo mitomycinu C. Fanconiho anémie je heterogenní onemocnění, dosud je popsáno 15 komplementačních skupin, každá z nich je způsobena mutacemi některého z 15 kauzálních genů. Pro komplementační skupinu D1 (FANCD1) není typickým projevem, na rozdíl od ostatních skupin, selhávání kostní dřeně, ale časně se manifestující leukemie a specifické solidní tumory, nejčastěji meduloblastom a Wilmsův tumor ledvin.
Fanconi anemia is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, clinically and genetically heterogeneous, characterized by typical clinical features, such as short stature, microcephaly, skeletal abnormalities, abnormal skin pigmentations, developmental delay and congenital heart, kidney anomalies etc. Pancytopenia leading to bone marrow failure occurs in the first decade. Patients with Fanconi anemia have a high risk of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. The diagnosis of Fanconi anemia is based on cytogenetic testing for increased rates of spontaneous chromosomal breakage and increased sensitivity to diepoxybutane or mitomycin C. Fanconi anemia is a heterogeneous disorder, at least 15 complementation groups are described, and 15 genes in which mutations are responsible for all of the 15 Fanconi anemia complementation groups have been identified. Unlike other Fanconi anemia complementation groups, for complementation group D1 (FANCD1), the bone marrow failure is not a typical feature, but early-onset leukemia and specific solid tumors, most often medulloblastoma and Wilms tumor, are typical for this complementation group. Key words: Fanconi anemia – complementation group – FANCD1 – BRCA2 gene– leukemia – Wilms tumor – medulloblastoma This work was supported by grant from Norway NF-CZ11-PDP-3-003-2014, MH ČR – RVO, UH Motol 00064203 and OPPK – CZ-2.16./3.1.00/24022. The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE recommendation for biomedical papers. Submitted: 14. 7. 2015 Accepted: 6. 12. 2015
- Klíčová slova
- komplementační skupina, FANCD1,
- MeSH
- alely MeSH
- chromozomální aberace MeSH
- cytogenetické vyšetření MeSH
- dvojčata MeSH
- Fanconiho anemie * diagnóza genetika MeSH
- genetické testování MeSH
- geny BRCA2 * MeSH
- leukemie komplikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- meduloblastom * etiologie genetika terapie MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- nádory ledvin etiologie genetika MeSH
- nádory mozečku etiologie genetika terapie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- rodokmen MeSH
- sourozenci MeSH
- Wilmsův nádor * etiologie genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Článek se zabývá problematikou péče o nosičky mutací genů BRCA1 a BRCA2, tedy žen s dědičnou dispozicí ke vzniku karcinomu prsu a vaječníků, z hlediska gynekologa, shrnuje doporučení k dispenzarizaci a k provádění preventivních chirurgických zákroků – adnexektomie s hysterektomií. Je zdůrazněn význam péče o nositelky mutací genů BRCA1,2 s ohledem na závažnost zejména ovariálního karcinomu. Článek upozorňuje na skutečnost, že dle indikačních kritérií modifikovaných dle NCCN v roce 2015 a schválených Společností lékařské genetiky a genomiky ČLS JEP je indikováno genetické testování pro všechny ženy s karcinomem ovarií bez věkové a histologické limitace.
The article deals with the issue of care for BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene carriers, it means women with hereditary disposition for breastand ovarian cancer, from the gynecologist's point of view, and summarizes the recommendations for the dispensarization andthe implementation of preventive surgical procedures – adnexectomy with hysterectomy. The importance of caring for BRCA1,2gene mutations is emphasized with regard to the severity of ovarian carcinoma. The article draws attention to the fact that, accordingto the NCCN-modified indication criteria from 2015 and approved by the Society of Medical Genetics and Genomics ofthe ČLS JEP, genetic testing for all women with ovarian carcinoma without age and histological limitation is indicated to providedata for targeted cancer treatment using the inhibitors of PARP-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and to increase the detection ofmutations in affected families.
Karcinom prsu je nejčastější zhoubné onemocnění u žen v rozvinutých zemích. Základem histopatologického vyšetření je stanovení správné morfologické diagnózy. S nástupem nových terapeutických možností totiž začíná hrát stále důležitější roli molekulární profil nádoru.
Breast carcinoma is the most common malignancy in women in the developed world. The basis of histopathological examination is determining a correct morphological diagnosis. With the emergence of new therapeutic possibilities, the tumour's molecular profile plays an increasingly important role.
- Klíčová slova
- molekulární profil nádoru, protein HER-2/neu, HER2 pozitivita,
- MeSH
- genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
- hybridizace in situ fluorescenční metody MeSH
- imunochemie metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
- protein BRCA2 diagnostické užití genetika MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
BACKGROUND: Mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes increase the lifetime risk of developing breast cancer to 68-72% by the age of 80. One of the modalities to manage the risk is a prophylactic mastectomy. Bilateral nipple-sparing mastectomy specifically offers the most favorable esthetic outcomes but the evidence for its oncological safety remains limited. Thus, we aimed to compare the occurrence of breast cancer between nipple-sparing mastectomy and surveillance groups of BRCA1 or BRCA 2 mutations carriers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: BRCA1 or BRCA2-positive patients undergoing bilateral prophylactic nipple-sparing mastectomy at our department were identified. Only those unaffected by breast cancer were eligible. Each patient was pair-matched with a BRCA1 or BRCA2-positive patient of equal age from the surveillance group. Breast cancer incidence in both groups was recorded and the results were compared. RESULTS: None of 105 patients who underwent NSM between 2009 and 2019 at a single institution with a mean follow-up time of 50 months developed breast cancer over this time period. One patient in this group died of an unrelated cause. Nine patients from 105 in the match-paired surveillance group were diagnosed with breast cancer during a mean follow-up time of 58.3 months, however, none of them died. CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest single-center study of risk-reducing bilateral NSM in healthy BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers. Based on our results and those of other series, we conclude that NSM in its current form appears to be at least equally as safe as other types of mastectomy for preventing breast cancer in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
High grade serózní karcinomy (HGSC) jsou skupinou ovariálních, tubárních a peritoneálních nádorů vznikajících z prekurzorové léze převážně v distální části vejcovodu. V době zjištění diagnózy HGSC jsou ženy postiženy metastatickým šířením nádoru v dutině břišní s pětiletým přežíváním 10–30 %. Mezi ženami se zvýšeným rizikem HGSC (nejvíc s BRCA mutací), které podstoupily bilaterální adnexektomii, je 4–17 % těch, které mají STIC (serózní tubární intraepiteliální karcinom) nebo invazivní neoplazii, a přibližně 80 % těch neoplazií se nachází v ampulární části vejcovodu.
High-grade serous carcinomas (HGSC) are group of ovarial, tubal and peritoneal tumors arising from precursor lession most likelyfrom distal part of the fallopian tube. At the time of diagnosis of HGSC are women affected with metastatic sprej of the tumorinto abdominal cavity with 5 year survival of 10–30%. Among women with increased risk of HGSC (the most with BRCA mutation)witch underwent bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is 4–17% diagnosed with STIC (serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma) or withinvasive neoplasia a aproximately 80% those tumors are found in ampular part of the fallopian tube.
- MeSH
- geny BRCA1 MeSH
- geny BRCA2 MeSH
- komorbidita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- nádory cystické, mucinózní a serózní genetika imunologie patologie MeSH
- nádory vaječníků genetika imunologie patologie MeSH
- protein BRCA1 genetika MeSH
- protein BRCA2 genetika MeSH
- terciární prevence MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Importance: The limited data on cancer phenotypes in men with germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variants (PVs) have hampered the development of evidence-based recommendations for early cancer detection and risk reduction in this population. Objective: To compare the cancer spectrum and frequencies between male BRCA1 and BRCA2 PV carriers. Design, Setting, and Participants: Retrospective cohort study of 6902 men, including 3651 BRCA1 and 3251 BRCA2 PV carriers, older than 18 years recruited from cancer genetics clinics from 1966 to 2017 by 53 study groups in 33 countries worldwide collaborating through the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 (CIMBA). Clinical data and pathologic characteristics were collected. Main Outcomes and Measures: BRCA1/2 status was the outcome in a logistic regression, and cancer diagnoses were the independent predictors. All odds ratios (ORs) were adjusted for age, country of origin, and calendar year of the first interview. Results: Among the 6902 men in the study (median [range] age, 51.6 [18-100] years), 1634 cancers were diagnosed in 1376 men (19.9%), the majority (922 of 1,376 [67%]) being BRCA2 PV carriers. Being affected by any cancer was associated with a higher probability of being a BRCA2, rather than a BRCA1, PV carrier (OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 2.81-3.70; P < .001), as well as developing 2 (OR, 7.97; 95% CI, 5.47-11.60; P < .001) and 3 (OR, 19.60; 95% CI, 4.64-82.89; P < .001) primary tumors. A higher frequency of breast (OR, 5.47; 95% CI, 4.06-7.37; P < .001) and prostate (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.09-1.78; P = .008) cancers was associated with a higher probability of being a BRCA2 PV carrier. Among cancers other than breast and prostate, pancreatic cancer was associated with a higher probability (OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.55-5.81; P = .001) and colorectal cancer with a lower probability (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.29-0.78; P = .003) of being a BRCA2 PV carrier. Conclusions and Relevance: Significant differences in the cancer spectrum were observed in male BRCA2, compared with BRCA1, PV carriers. These data may inform future recommendations for surveillance of BRCA1/2-associated cancers and guide future prospective studies for estimating cancer risks in men with BRCA1/2 PVs.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nádory diagnóza genetika MeSH
- protein BRCA1 genetika MeSH
- protein BRCA2 genetika MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- zárodečné mutace MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Dne 5. září 2018 se v Kongresovém centru v Praze konalo v rámci Pražských onkologických dnů odborné sympozium společnosti AstraZeneca s názvem Nové možnosti v udržovací léčbě karcinomu ovaria. Přednášejícími byli doc. MUDr. Marek Svoboda, Ph.D. (Odbor vědy, výzkumu a výuky, Klinika komplexní onkologické péče, Oddělení epidemiologie a genetiky nádorů, MOÚ Brno) a doc. MUDr. Michal Zikán, Ph.D. (Onkogynekologické centrum, Gynekologicko-porodnická klinika 1. LF UK a Nemocnice Na Bulovce, Praha).
- Klíčová slova
- Lynparza (olaparib),
- MeSH
- analýza přežití MeSH
- doba přežití bez progrese choroby MeSH
- nádory vaječníků farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- PARP inhibitory aplikace a dávkování farmakologie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- protein BRCA1 genetika účinky léků MeSH
- protein BRCA2 genetika účinky léků MeSH
- udržovací chemoterapie ekonomika metody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- klinické zkoušky MeSH
- MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory prsu * farmakoterapie genetika MeSH
- protein BRCA2 účinky léků MeSH
- protokoly protinádorové léčby MeSH
- taxoidy terapeutické užití MeSH
- trastuzumab terapeutické užití MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- klinické zkoušky MeSH
- novinové články MeSH
- rozhovory MeSH