Total carbohydrates are the sum of all the sugars, starches, and fiber that the patient consumes. The glycemic index (GI) is a measure of ingested carbohydrates effects on blood glucose levels. Complex carbohydrates with low glycemic index normalize glucose and lipid metabolism, and decrease risk of such diseases as obesity, diabetes and coronary heart disease. The patient who is diagnosed as a diabetic must face the challenges of restructuring their diet. A health diet and proper management can enhance their health by promoting stable glucose. Eating healthy by making choices from nutritional food groups can help the diabetic achieve stable blood glucose levels in conjunction with their current diabetic medication. Here is important role of nurses for promotion of healthy diet with low GI in diabetic patients.

• MeSH
• Food, Organic MeSH
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 diagnosis   etiology   metabolism   MeSH
• Diabetes Mellitus diet therapy   metabolism   MeSH
• Nutritional Physiological Phenomena MeSH
• Glycemic Index physiology   MeSH
• Insulin MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Nursing Care methods   utilization   MeSH
• Carbohydrates chemistry   classification   MeSH
• Guidelines as Topic MeSH
• Health Status MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

• MeSH
• Delivery of Health Care MeSH
• Research MeSH
• Health MeSH
• Population Health MeSH
• Publication type
• Handbook MeSH

• Conspectus
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NML Fields
• veřejné zdravotnictví
• NML Publication type
• kolektivní monografie

Cíl: Naším cílem bylo zjistit, zda sérový delta index neutrofilů a další parametry systémového zánětlivého indexu mohou mít při použití s jinými bio chemickými markery u preeklampsie a HELLP syndromu pomocný účinek v diagnostice a určit roli zánětu v patogenezi těchto onemocnění. Materiál a metody: Do studie bylo zahrnuto 121 těhotných žen, které splnily kritéria pro zařazení a vyloučení. Do sledované skupiny bylo zařazeno 52 těhotných s diagnostikovanou preeklampsií, 19 těhotných s diagnostikovaným HELLP syndromem a do kontrolní skupiny 50 zdravých těhotných žen. Demografické údaje, hematologické a bio chemické parametry a zánětlivé markery (sérový neutrofilní delta index – DNI – a systémové parametry zánětlivého indexu) skupin byly zaznamenány a porovnány mezi skupinami. Výsledky: Z hlediska poměru neutrofilních lymfocytů, poměru lymfocytů trombocytů a DNI byla skupina HELLP odlišná od obou skupin. Kontrolní skupina a skupina s preeklampsií byly podobné. Z hlediska poměru monocytů k lymfocytům byla skupina preeklampsie odlišná od obou skupin. Kontrolní a HELLP skupiny byly podobné. Z hlediska indexu systémového zánětu byly všechny skupiny podobné. Závěr: V naší studii jsme zjistili, že využití DNI v mateřském séru spolu s dalšími bio chemickými parametry může pomoci v diagnostice preeklampsie a HELLP syndromu a zánět může hrát roli v patogenezi těchto onemocnění.

Objective: We aimed to determine whether the serum delta neutrophil index and other systemic inflammatory index parameters can have an auxiliary effect in the diagnosis when used with other bio chemical markers in preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome and to determine the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Materials and methods: 121 pregnant women who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. 52 pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia and 19 pregnant women diagnosed with HELLP syndrome were included in the study group, and 50 healthy pregnant women were included in the control group. Demographic data, hematological and bio chemical parameters, and inflammatory markers (serum delta neutrophil index – DNI – and systemic inflammatory index parameters) of the groups were recorded and compared between groups. Results: In terms of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, platelet lymphocyte ratio, and DNI, the HELLP group was different from both groups. The control and preeclampsia groups were similar. In terms of monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, the preeclampsia group was different from both groups. The control and HELLP groups were similar. In terms of the systemic inflammatory index, all groups were similar. Conclusion: In our study, we found that when maternal serum DNI values are used together with other bio chemical parameters, it can help in the diagnosis of preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome, and inflammation may play a role in the pathogenesis of these diseases.

• Keywords
• delta neutrophil index, systemic inflammation index,
• MeSH
• Biomarkers * blood   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• HELLP Syndrome diagnosis   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Neutrophils MeSH
• Pre-Eclampsia diagnosis   MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Case-Control Studies MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Inflammation blood   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Female MeSH

Cíl: Přestože již byla identifikována řada rizikových faktorů rozvoje aterosklerózy, lze stále obtížně předpovídat, jak tyto faktory interagují při stanovování endotelové funkce a rozvoje ischemické choroby srdeční (ICHS). Neinvazivní vyšetření endotelové funkce se často provádí metodou endotel-dependentní vazodilatace pažní tepny (flow-mediated vasodilatation, FMD). Spolehlivost metody FMD jako zástupného ukazatele závažnosti ICHS zatím nebyla jednoznačně potvrzena. Cílem této studie bylo zjistit korelaci mezi výsledky naměřenými metodou FMD a závažností ICHS s použitím skóre SYNTAX jako spolehlivějších a jednodušších diagnostických nástrojů. Metoda: Naše studie měla průřezové uspořádání s nenáhodným účelovým vzorkováním. Údaje od pacientů po koronarografickém vyšetření jsme shromažďovali v období od října do prosince 2015. Závažnost ICHS se vypočítávala pomocí skóre SYNTAX. Endotelová funkce se hodnotila metodou FMD pažní tepny s použitím dopplerovského ultrazvuku. Korelace mezi hodnotami FMD a skóre SYNTAX se zjišťovala pomocí Pearsononova korelačního testu. Výsledky: Do studie jsme zařadili 40 pacientů s ICHS přijatých na kliniku kardiologie nemocnice Dr. Soetomo General Hospital. Průměrný věk pacientů byl 55,38 ± 9,27 roku, 85 % (n = 34) z nich byli muži, 67 % (n = 27) mělo hypertenzi, 80 % (n = 32) framinghamské skóre vysokého rizika a u 27,5 % (n = 21) bylo podle klasifikace SCORE přítomno středně vysoké riziko. Před katetrizací byla stanovena diagnóza postakutního koronárního syndromu u 65 % (n = 27) pacientů s průměrnou hodnotou skóre SYNTAX 33,21 ± 10,86. Byla zjištěna těsná, negativní a statisticky významná korelace mezi hodnotou FMD a skóre SYNTAX (r = -0,787 a p < 0,0001). Čím je hodnota FMD nižší, tím je ICHS závažnější. Závěr: Při použití skóre SYNTAX vykazuje metoda FMD těsnou a negativní korelaci se závažností ICHS. Nižší hodnota FMD predikuje závažnější ICHS.

Goal: A number of atherosclerosis risk factors have been identified, but it remains difficult to predict how these factors interact in determining the endothelial function and development of coronary artery disease (CAD). Non-invasive assessment of endothelial function is commonly undertaken using the flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) technique. The use of FMD as a surrogate indicator for the complexity of CAD remains largely unknown. This study aimed to determine the correlation between FMD with the complexity of CAD based on SYNTAX score for better and simpler diagnostic tools. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study with purposive sampling. We collected data from a patient who underwent coronary angiography from October to December 2015. The SYNTAX score was calculated to determine the complexity of CAD. Endothelial function was evaluated by FMD using brachial artery Doppler ultrasonography. Correlation between FMD and SYNTAX score was evaluated using the Pearson correlation test. Result: We enrolled 40 CAD patients admitted to cardiology ward of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, mean age 55.38±9.27 years old, 85% (n = 34) male, 67% (n = 27) has hypertension, 80% (n = 32) has high risk Framingham score, and 27.5% (n = 21) has moderate risk according SCORE score. Pre-catheterization diagnosis was post-acute coronary syndrome in 65% (n = 27) with the mean SYNTAX score being 33.21 ± 10.86. There was a strong negative and significant correlation between FMD and SYNTAX score (r = -0,787 and p <0,0001). The lower the FMD value predicts the higher complexity of CAD. Conclusion: FMD has a strong and negative correlation with the complexity of CAD based on SYNTAX score. The lower the FMD value predicts the higher complexity of CAD.

• Keywords
• skóre SYNTAX,
• MeSH
• Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular * MeSH
• Myocardial Ischemia * diagnosis   MeSH
• Clinical Studies as Topic MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Severity of Illness Index MeSH
• Vasodilation MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

BACKGROUND: The associations of risk factors with vascular impairment in type 1 diabetes patients seem more complex than that in type 2 diabetes patients. Therefore, we analyzed the associations between traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors and vascular parameters in individuals with T1D and modifications of these associations according to sex and genetic factors. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, we analyzed the association of risk factors in T1D individuals younger than 65 years using vascular parameters, such as ankle brachial index (ABI) and toe brachial index (TBI), duplex ultrasound, measuring the presence of plaques in carotid and femoral arteries (Belcaro score) and intima media thickness of carotid arteries (CIMT). We also used photoplethysmography, which measured the interbranch index expressed as the Oliva-Roztocil index (ORI), and analyzed renal parameters, such as urine albumin/creatinine ratio (uACR) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). We evaluated these associations using multivariate regression analysis, including interactions with sex and the gene for connexin 37 (Cx37) polymorphism (rs1764391). RESULTS: In 235 men and 227 women (mean age 43.6 ± 13.6 years; mean duration of diabetes 22.1 ± 11.3 years), pulse pressure was strongly associated with unfavorable values of most of the vascular parameters under study (ABI, TBI, Belcaro scores, uACR and ORI), whereas plasma lipids, represented by remnant cholesterol (cholesterol - LDL-HDL cholesterol), the atherogenic index of plasma (log (triglycerides/HDL cholesterol) and Lp(a), were associated primarily with renal impairment (uACR, GFR and lipoprotein (a)). Plasma non-HDL cholesterol was not associated with any vascular parameter under study. In contrast to pulse pressure, the associations of lipid factors with kidney and vascular parameters were modified by sex and the Cx37 gene. CONCLUSION: In addition to known information, easily obtainable risk factor, such as pulse pressure, should be considered in individuals with T1D irrespective of sex and genetic background. The associations of plasma lipids with kidney function are complex and associated with sex and genetic factors. The decision of whether pulse pressure, remnant lipoproteins, Lp(a) and other determinants of vascular damage should become treatment targets in T1D should be based on the results of future clinical trials.

• MeSH
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 * genetics   physiopathology   MeSH
• Diabetic Angiopathies genetics   physiopathology   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Phenotype MeSH
• Photoplethysmography MeSH
• Genetic Predisposition to Disease MeSH
• Glomerular Filtration Rate MeSH
• Carotid Intima-Media Thickness MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Polymorphism, Genetic MeSH
• Gap Junction alpha-4 Protein * genetics   MeSH
• Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
• Heart Disease Risk Factors MeSH
• Sex Factors MeSH
• Ankle Brachial Index MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

This review comprehensively examines the current knowledge on the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and dementia. The association between BMI and cognition is complex: in younger adults, higher BMIs are associated with impaired cognition. Overweight and obesity in middle age are linked to increased future dementia risk in old age. However, when examined in old age, higher BMIs are associated with better cognition and decreased mortality. Little is known about the optimal BMI for well-being and survival in populations already suffering from dementia. Lifetime trends in weight, rather than single measures, might predict prognosis better and help untangle these apparent contradictions. Thus, the need arises to properly monitor BMI trends in affected dementia patients. Registries can include BMI, improving the management of dementia patients throughout the whole course of the disease. The role of central obesity and systemic inflammation on brain pathology and cognitive decline are discussed in this review. Understanding the life-course changes in BMI and their influence on dementia risk, cognitive prognosis and mortality after diagnosis may provide new insights into the underlying pathophysiology of dementia and shape possible intervention and treatment strategies.

• MeSH
• Dementia diagnosis   epidemiology   MeSH
• Body Mass Index * MeSH
• Cognition physiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Nutritional Status MeSH
• Obesity complications   metabolism   MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Sex Factors MeSH
• Aging physiology   MeSH
• Body Weight MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH

Spektrofotometrická metoda a elektronový mikroskop byly užity pro určení distribuční funkce nanočástic Ag@Fe3O4 podle velikosti ak měření jejich komplexního refrakčního indexu. Částice byly syntetizovány jako složka magneticky kontrolovaných léčiv s antibakteriálními vlastnostmi. Byl navržen algoritmus zpracování výsledků pokusu ke změření velikostí nanočástic (1 až 100 nm).

The spectrophotometric method and the electron microscope have been used to determine the distribution function of Ag@Fe3O4 nanoparticles by sizes and to measure their complex refractive index. These particles have been synthesized as acomponent of magnetically controlled drugs with antibacterial properties. The algorithm of processing the results of the experiment has been designed to measure the sizes of nanoparticles (1–100 nm).

• MeSH
• Action Spectrum MeSH
• Microscopy, Electron instrumentation   MeSH
• Nanoparticles * analysis   MeSH
• Refractometry * methods   MeSH
• Spectrophotometry methods   instrumentation   MeSH
• Particle Size MeSH

Recently, a specific role of nonlinear dynamics and complexity in neural and cognitive processes has been proposed, and there are several reported studies suggesting that smokers might display characteristic changes in the EEG dimensional complexity in comparison to non-smokers. With the aim to extend these findings to autonomic activity, we have examined dimensional complexity in bilateral electrodermal activity (EDA) that reflects limbic modulation influences and may provide information on specific emotional processes related to sympathetic activity. In the present study EDA was assessed in 35 smokers (mean age 23.4, SD=1.4) and 41 non-smokers (mean age 23.2, SD=1.8) during resting conditions. Calculation of dimensional complexity in both groups similarly as in previous reported studies was performed using an algorithm for pointwise correlation dimension (PD2). The results of nonlinear and statistical analysis of EDA records indicate increased complexity during rest conditions (indexed by PD2) in smokers compared to non-smokers (Mann-Whitney test; p<0.01), even though EDA measurement does not discriminate the groups (Mann-Whitney test; p>0.05). These results present a first supportive evidence that EDA complexity may exhibit an electrophysiological marker that could potentially explain the role of complex dynamics in the autonomic nervous system related to smoking habits and addiction.

• MeSH
• Algorithms MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Electric Stimulation methods   instrumentation   MeSH
• Electroencephalography MeSH
• Financing, Organized MeSH
• Galvanic Skin Response physiology   MeSH
• Data Interpretation, Statistical MeSH
• Cognition physiology   drug effects   MeSH
• Smoking physiopathology   MeSH
• Limbic System physiology   drug effects   MeSH
• Brain physiology   drug effects   MeSH
• Nonlinear Dynamics MeSH
• Attention physiology   drug effects   MeSH
• Reaction Time physiology   MeSH
• Sensitivity and Specificity MeSH
• Case-Control Studies MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH

BACKGROUND: Recent findings confirm, following Bleuler's and Janet's tradition, the significant influence of stress-related events and dissociation in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Dissociative reaction is most often a consequence of traumatic experiences that lead to a loss of inhibitory control and may produce split fragments of the mind. Recent findings in studies on brain complexity and neural synchronization suggest the hypothesis that the specific functional fragmentation of neural subsystems could be linked to the dissociation and splitting in schizophrenia that may be reflected in dynamic neural complexity and assessed by measures reflecting these processes. MATERIAL/METHODS: In this context, the hypothesis tested in this study is that dynamic changes in electrodermal activity (EDA) as a measure of brain and autonomic activity could serve as an indicator of specific changes in neural complexity in schizophrenia patients. Therefore, bilateral EDA under rest conditions in 30 schizophrenic patients and 30 healthy subjects was measured. RESULTS: The results of nonlinear and statistical analysis of EDA records indicated increased neural complexity indexed by a point-wise correlation dimension (PD2) in schizophrenia patients compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: This result represents preliminary support for the hypothesis that increased neural complexity reflects the functional fragmentation of neural subsystems related to traumatic dissociation and splitting in schizophrenia.

• MeSH
• Dissociative Disorders complications   physiopathology   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Galvanic Skin Response MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Models, Neurological MeSH
• Nervous System physiopathology   MeSH
• Schizophrenia complications   physiopathology   MeSH
• Case-Control Studies MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH